Abstract: Based on relevant statistical date of “two districts delineated” food crops in the Kashi River-Yelph River Basin, [Method]applying ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint methods, [Objective]evaluation of farmland ecosystem service value, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity and calculate the amount of ecological compensation. [Result]research indicates: ①in 2016, the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi River-Yarkant River Basin was 2,412.24 yuan. ②in the farmland ecological service system, the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor is large, the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network equivalent factor are small, and the total ecological service value of the farmland system is about 18697.67 yuan·hm-2. ③wheat and corn have a higher per capita ecological footprint, soybean and rice have a smaller per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi River- Yarkant River Basin is 0.328 hm2·person-1, the total ecological footprint is 181.18hm2. ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land is about 0.018 hm2·person-1.④the ecological compensation for cultivated land for four food crops such as wheat in 2016 is about 66.34 million yuan. [Conclusion] The Kashi River and the Yarkant River Basin cultivated land ecological service function was higher，but cultivated land production capacity was weak, ecological carrying capacity was small, appears ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system was stand in an unsustainable development state in appear ecological deficit，cultivated land ecological carrying capacity is weak,farmland production system is in an unsustainable state.