Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.24 Published:26 August 2019

  High and Stable Yield Ability of New Wheat Varieties in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River: Evaluation 2019, 35 (24):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030087 Abstract + ( 531 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 469 ) To understand the production and utilization value of newly developed wheat varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the high and stable yield ability of thirteen wheat varieties in the regional trail of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2016-2017 were analyzed with the methods of Francis- Kannenberg genotype- group technique, Eberhart- Russell linear regression model, adaptability parameter and high stability coefficient. The results showed that there were eight varieties (accounting for 61.5%) with a yield increase of more than 2% compared with the control variety‘Yangmai 20’, but there were fewer varieties with high and stable yield, only‘Weihong 225’and‘Yangfumai 2049’, accounting for 15.4%. The results of Francis-Kannenberg genotype-group technique, linear regression model and adaptability parameter for the evaluation of stability of the wheat varieties were basically the same. The correlation analysis showed that high stability coefficient (HSC) had extremely and significantly positive correlation with the average yield, and significantly negative correlation or extremely and significantly negative correlation with standard deviation, coefficient of variation, regression coefficient and adaptability parameter.

  Effects of Different Harvest Time on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Oats 2019, 35 (24):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010052 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 122 ) The paper aims to clarify the best harvest time of oats in Qinghai. We took‘Qinghai 444’,‘Qinghai Sweet Oats’, and‘Qingyin 2’which were harvested after the dough stage in 2018 as the test materials. The results showed that the best time to harvest‘Qinghai Sweet Oats’was around 12-15 days after the dough stage, and the germination rate of the whole spike (upper, middle, bottom) was above 84% on average. The best time to harvest‘Qinghai 44’was around 10-15 days after the dough stage, and the germination rate of the whole spike (upper, middle, bottom) was above 93.56%. The best time to harvest‘Qingyin 2’was about 11-13 days after the dough stage, although the germination rate of the whole spike (upper, middle, bottom) was above 96.44%, the best harvest time was relatively short.

  Plant Traits’Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines 2019, 35 (24):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030059 Abstract + ( 514 )   PDF ( 1035KB )   ( 115 ) To obtain great maize inbred lines to cultivate new maize varieties, 11 plant traits of 211 maize inbred lines from different sources were analyzed by statistical analysis and cluster analysis. The maize inbred lines with great traits were screened by comparison with the parental inbred lines of the maize hybrids ‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of aerial roots in the first layer among the inbred lines, and all other traits were obviously significant. The variation coefficient of each plant trait was larger, the highest variation coefficient was 27.99% for tassel branching, and the smallest was 6.04% for leaf length. Cluster analysis divided all the inbred lines into 9 groups. The G1-G4 group contained 192 inbred lines, accounting for 91.0%. Compared with the parental inbred lines of the two great maize hybrids‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’, a total of 14 inbred lines with great traits were selected. In summary, the genetic differences among the 211 sources of maize inbred lines used in this study are large, representative types are abundant, and the results are representative. There are different degrees of correlation among the 11 plant traits. Cluster analysis selected 14 inbred lines with great traits, which could provide reference for breeding new varieties with great plant traits.

  Cultivation Technical Route of Super High Yield Summer Maize in Yudong Plain 2019, 35 (24):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080084 Abstract + ( 539 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 336 ) Abstract: In order to discuss the technical route of super high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the Yudong Plain, four dominant varieties were selected, and the combination of theoretical measurement and actual production was used to analyze the yield and yield components of the experimental high-yield field of summer maize and farmers’ high-yield field of summer maize. The survey is divided into three production levels, and the correlation and path analysis of the three components of production and production are carried out. The results showed that the yield increased from 10500~12000 kg/hm2 to 12000~13500 kg/hm2, and the number of harvested spikes increased by 7736.25 spikes/hm2, with an increase of 10.69%; the yield increased by 1343.4 kg/hm2, with an increase of 11.97%. The yield level increased from 12000~13500 kg/hm2 to above 13500 kg/hm2, and the number of harvested spikes increased by 6333.75 spikes/hm2, with an increase of 7.91%; the yield increased by 1482.6 kg/hm2, an increase of 11.80%. The direct path coefficient, the number of panicles (X1) was 0.8146, the number of kernels per ear (X2) was 0.1233, and the weight per thousand (X3) was 0.1275, indicating that the contribution to yield was in the order of panicle number>1000 grain weight>panicle number. Therefore, in the high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the eastern Henan Plain, the yield should be further increased by increasing the planting density. ''Zhongdan 909'', ''Denghai 605'', ''Denghai 618'', ''Zhengdan 958'' and other varieties, summer maize in the Yudong Plain achieved a yield of 13500 kg / hm2 or more, planting density of 87,000 ~ 91,500 plants / hm2, The number of harvested ears was 84,000~88500 spikes/hm2, the number of spikes was 480-485 grains, and the 1000-grain weight was 330-340 g. Key words: summer maize; super high yield; cultivation; path analysis; technical route; technical approach

  Growth Promoting Effect of SQR9 Compound Microbial Liquid Fertilizer on Maize and Cabbage 2019, 35 (24):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030090 Abstract + ( 562 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 159 ) [Objective] This study aimed at evaluating the plant growth promotion effect of two different compound microbial liquid fertilizers containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 on maize and cabbage for providing the theoretical and technical base for the popularization and application of the novel products.[Method] Pot experiments were performed with nine treatments: fertigation of water (CK), fertigation of water soluble chemical fertilizer containing 100 g·kg-1 nutrients (CF1), fertigation of water soluble fertilizer containing 100 g·kg-1 nutrients without Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (AA1), fertigation of compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing 100 g·kg-1 nutrients and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 after 3 months of storage (AAS1-1), fertigation of freshly produced compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing 100 g·kg-1 nutrients and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (AAS1-2); fertigation of water soluble chemical fertilizer containing 200 g·kg-1 nutrients (CF2), fertigation of water soluble fertilizer containing 200 g·kg-1 nutrients without Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (AA2), fertigation of compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing 200 g·kg-1 nutrients and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 after 3 months of storage (AAS2-1), fertigation of freshly produced compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing 200 g·kg-1 nutrients and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9(AAS2-2). [Result]Pot experiment results showed regardless of the nutrient amounts, compared with water soluble fertilizer without Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9, water soluble chemical fertilizer and the blank amended with water, the compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 efficiently promoted maize and cabbage growth by improving their biological characters. No significant difference in the biological characters of maize and cabbage was observed between the water soluble fertilizers containing amino acids and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 freshly produced and stored for 3 months; and application of water soluble fertilizer containing functional microbes increased the number of Bacillus in rhizosphere soil. [Conclusion]The compound microbial liquid fertilizer containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 effectively promoted the growth of maize and cabbage by root irrigation.

  Fertilizer Effect and Nutrients Balance Use of Summer Maize in Heilonggang Valley 2019, 35 (24):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040078 Abstract + ( 419 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 78 ) The authors studied the response of summer maize to different N, P and K levels and nutrients balance use in Heilonggang valley. The results showed that: the yield of summer maize significantly increased under fertilizer application. The response of yield indicated that N was the first remarkable factor, K was second and P was third. With the increased application amount of NPK, the excess amounts of NPK in soil were increased. The fertilizer use efficiency of NPK was 10.0%- 31.6% , 13.3%- 23.3% and 52.5%- 60% , respectively. Based on comprehensive consideration of yield, nutrients balance and nutrient uptake and utilization, the N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizer rate should be 225-255 kg/hm2, 60-75 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Fermented Manure: Effect on Physiological Active Substances Contents in Ginkgo biloba L. 2019, 35 (24):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070100 Abstract + ( 450 )   PDF ( 1073KB )   ( 99 ) To study the effect of fermented manure on the contents of physiological active substances in Ginkgo biloba L., under the field condition, 3 years old Ginkgo biloba L. seedlings were used as test materials, 5 treatments including control (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), potassium fertilizer (T3), nitrogen fertilizer (T4), fermented manure (T5) were set up, 3 repeats were conducted. The results showed that: The chlorophyll a content of T5 treatment increased by 80.36%, 65.89%, 62.32%, 71.53%, 72.59%, respectively, compared with the control; the chlorophyll b content of T5 treatment from May to August increased by 16.67%, 14.06%, 18.18%, 18.52%, compared with T2; anthocyanin content of T5 treatment increased by 5.19%, 9.54%, 6.99%, 6.92%, 8.79%, compared with T2; flavonoid content of T5 treatment increased by 21.05%, 20.49%, 23.46%, 28.57%, 23.61%, compared with T2; soluble sugar content of T5 treatment increased by 22.39%, 25.58%, 20.43%, 20.00%, 23.44%, compared with T2. T5 was significantly higher than that of the control; soluble protein content of T5 treatment increased by 15.90%, 18.26%, 21.71%, 21.66%, 26.02%, compared with T2. In conclusion, T5 is significantly better than the control and conventional fertilization in improving the contents of physiological active substances in Ginkgo biloba L..

  Exogenous Spd: Effects on Germination and Resistance of Snap Bean Seeds Under Low Temperature Stress 2019, 35 (24):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030030 Abstract + ( 485 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 102 ) In order to study the effect of exogenous Spd on seed germination and tolerance of snap bean under low temperature. In this study, the snap bean cultivar ‘Renaya’ was used as experimental material. Three treatments, normothermia control (CK), 4℃ low temperature treatment (LT) and addition of 1mmol/L Spd at 4℃ (LT+Spd) were used to determined germination rate, germination index, seed vigor and physiological index. The results showed that germination rate, germination index and seed vigor increased by 95.69%, 136.10% and 217.12%, respectively, after adding 1mmol/L Spd at 4℃; the electrolyte leakage rate decreased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT increased, and the contents of H2O2, O2-, MDA, proline and soluble protein decreased. Therefore, the application of exogenous Spd can alleviate the damage caused by low temperature stress on snap bean seeds, improve the low temperature tolerance, thereupon then improving the germination rate, germination index and seed vigor of snap bean seeds.

  Plant Absorption and Tolerance Mechanism to Heavy Metal Cadmium: Research Progress 2019, 35 (24):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030015 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 114 ) In order to effectively reduce the cadmium content in soil and protect human health, it is hoped that an economical and effective method (phytoremediation technology) can be used to control soil cadmium pollution. Therefore, the study on the mechanism of plant absorption and tolerance to heavy metal cadmium has become a hot spot in plant stress physiology research in recent years. The authors reviewed the mechanisms of cadmium uptake, transport and accumulation of plant, as well as the tolerance mechanism of plant to cadmium through cell wall deposition, cell compartmentalization, chelation and antioxidant system protection, so as to provide basic information for better control of soil cadmium pollution through phytoremediation technology in the future.

  Cadmium Absorption and Enrichment in Two Ryegrass Varieties: A Comparative Study 2019, 35 (24):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070084 Abstract + ( 517 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 79 ) Pot experiments were conducted to compare the difference of biomass, activity of antioxidant enzymes, Cd concentration and accumulation of two ryegrass varieties under different Cd levels (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg), to select suitable variety for soil cadmium pollution remediation. The results showed that the dry weight of roots of the two ryegrass varieties, the dry weight of the overground part and total plant dry weight of‘Abode’increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cd level. The dry weight of the overground part and total plant dry weight of‘Abode’reached the maximum value of 10.92 g/pot and 12.03 g/pot under 75 mg/kg Cd, increased by 11.13% and 10.67% respectively compared with those of the control. The activities of SOD and CAT in shoots and roots, and the activities of POD in roots of the two ryegrass varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cd level. The content of MDA in shoots increased with the increase of Cd level. The Cd transport coefficient and Cd enrichment coefficient of the two ryegrass varieties were higher than 1. There were genotypic differences in Cd tolerance, absorption and accumulation of different ryegrass varieties. The dry weight of shoots and plants of‘Abode’were higher than that of‘Bond’, and the content and accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots of‘Abode’were higher than that of‘Bond’under 75-600 mg/kg Cd stress. Therefore,‘Abode’is more suitable as a phytoremediation material for soil cadmium pollution.

  Micro-environmental Characteristics of Cd and Pb Polluted Soil After Remediation by Mulberry 胡桂萍,石旭平,王礼献,曹红妹,王军文,杜贤明 and 2019, 35 (24):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010037 Abstract + ( 447 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 79 ) Mulberry trees were planted on heavy metal contaminated farmland around a mining area in Jiangxi Province. After 3 years, the contents of heavy metals, the distribution of various forms of heavy metals, the soil microbial distribution and the soil enzyme activities of the farmland were analyzed. The results showed that the remediation index of Cd and Pb reached 96.87% and 81.93%, respectively, and their content were 0.38 and 107.63 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd and Pb were mainly concentrated in the roots of mulberry. The highest content of Cd and Pb in different parts of the mulberry trees were found in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest content was in winter. The exchangeable metal state, carbonate bound state, metal residue state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state and organic matter bound state of Cd and Pb in soil were all could be detected. Exchangeable Cd and residual Pb were the main forms. At the same time, the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in soil were significantly correlated with the distribution of microbial communities, soil physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The results showed that the soil microenvironment could be changed and improved synchronously during the process of phytoremediation by mulberry trees in the mining area. After three years of mulberry planting, the quality of the soil environment in the mining area reached the third grade standard.

  Effect of Calcium Application on Soil Moisture, Salt and Available Nutrientutrition of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land after Flowering 石程仁＃,,,, and 2019, 35 (24):  73-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010036 Abstract + ( 459 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 181 ) To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques of peanut to improve seedling emergenceonsaline-alkalilandin the Yellow Riverdelta, we set 4 treatments, CaO0kg/hm2 (CK,Ca-0),180kg/hm2 (Ca-1) and 360 kg/hm2 (Ca-2), and conducted an experiment in field condition to study the change of soil moisture, salt content and available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients with the process of peanut growth in 0-100 cm profile after flowering stage. The results showed that using calcium fertilizer could significantly reduce the salt content of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm and increase salt content of the soil layer below 80 cm, and there was little impact on the water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer. However, the soil moisture content of soil layer from 60 to 80 cm after flowering stage was significantly improved and the high calcium fertilizer reduced the water content of the soil layer from 60 to 100 cm. Application of calcium fertilizer significantly improved the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm after flowering period and decreased the leaching intensity of the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. The effect of treatment Ca-2 was the most obvious. In the Yellow River delta saline soil area, the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen content was deficient and the available phosphorus content was abundant, but the salt and alkali stress, soil particle dispersion and the lack of granular structure seriously inhibited the absorption of nutrients by peanut root system, and the efficiency of soil phosphorus could not be fully achieved. In conclusion, the basal application of calcium fertilizer could effectively improve the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus of 0-60 cm soil layer, reduce the leaching intensity of hydrolyzed nitrogen, and give full play to the soil fertility.

  Urbanization and Land Intensive Use in Lanzhou: Coupling Coordination and Correlation Analysis 2019, 35 (24):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050009 Abstract + ( 483 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 100 ) To further explore the dynamic relationship and mutual feedback mechanism between urbanization and land intensive use and promote urban sustainable development, using the coupling coordination model and grey correlation model, we analyzed the coupling coordination and correlation between urbanization and land intensive use in Lanzhou from 2006 to 2015. The results showed that: the comprehensive indexes between urbanization and land intensive use in Lanzhou both showed a rising trend, and the level of land intensive use was ahead of the level of urbanization as a whole; the state of coupling coordination changed from moderate disorder to a good coordination and tended gradually to a coordinate development; the two systems of urbanization and land intensive use were interrelated, and the output benefits of land intensive use had a significantly positive effect on urbanization, while social urbanization and eco- urbanization were the main factors that affected land intensive use. In the future development, we should exert the counter-initiative effect of land intensive use on urbanization to accelerate the process of urbanization, and further improve coordination to promote urban sustainable development.

  Early Warning Model of Low Temperature and Cold Damage in Tianyang in Autumn 2019, 35 (24):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030113 Abstract + ( 399 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 87 ) Low temperature and cold damage in autumn has great adverse effect on late rice production, accurate early warning is of great significance for the high and stable yield of late rice. Using the principle of fuzzy mathematics, we studied the starting time early warning output model of low temperature and cold damage in Tianyang, selected a membership function suitable for the initial date emergence period of the low temperature and cold damage in autumn, calculated the membership degree of each prediction factor, built the multiple linear regression with the knowledge of mathematical statistics, and made the first early-warning of initial date emergence period of the low temperature and cold damage in autumn. Then, we used the principle of fuzzy mathematics and the logical relation between parallel and intersection operations to make the second early-warning. The results showed that the historical fitting rate of the first early-warning reached 87.3%, the historical fitting rate of the second early-warning reached 88.5%. During four years’test early-warning, the first early-warning was correct in three years, the correct rate reached 75.0%. The second early-warning was tested for one year, and the result was correct. The fuzzy mathematics warning output model for low temperature and cold damage in autumn is scientific and easy to understand, the correct rate of historical fitting and the accuracy rate of test early-warning are ideal.

  Inter-annual Variation of Low Temperature Events in the Growing Period of Winter Oilseed Rape in Jiangsu and Its Effect on Yield 2019, 35 (24):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020056 Abstract + ( 441 )   PDF ( 1841KB )   ( 98 ) The purpose of this study is to explore the possible impacts of climate changes on oilseed rape production. Based on the daily temperature record and yield data for winter oilseed rape rice at 52 meteorological stations in Jiangsu during 1961-2012, the changing trends of eight types of low temperature indices in winter and spring were calculated using M-K test, and the quantitative relationship between low temperature indices and yield were discussed by first order difference method. The results was as fellow: (1) During 1961-2012, the total days of low temperature events, and the number, intensity, persistence of continuous low temperature events in most areas of the province showed strong decreasing trends; (2) among the different precipitation indices, FI1(total days with minimum temperature <-5℃ during wintering stage) and CI4 (the longest duration of continuous days with minimum temperature <0℃ during budding stage) had the most significant negative effect on winter oilseed rape yield; (3) sensitivity analysis for yield to FI1 and CI4 showed that oilseed rape planting in the northern areas was more sensitive to low temperature events; (4) the decreasing trend of FI1 and CI4 in most areas of Jiangsu brought a certain increase for winter oilseed rape yield during 1961-2012.

  The Progress of IMD Signaling Pathway in Insect Immune System 2019, 35 (24):  100-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080078 Abstract + ( 1854 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 1496 ) Insect innate immunity is the first defense way that fights off microbial infections, and the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway is the most important way that controls the gene expression of most of the antimicrobial peptides in normal immune regulation of insects. In this article, we review current literatures on the insect IMD pathway, and sum up the positive regulation mechanism of IMD signaling pathway including peptidoglycan- recognition proteins and action way, Imd, dFADD and Dredd signal complex formation and regulation pathway, Relish activation and other positive adjustment factors. We also systematically summarize the action modes of negative regulators, such as negative regulation mechanism of PGRPs, ubiquitin and nuclear negative regulators involved in the negative regulation of Imd signaling pathway. This article provides a reference for further understanding the molecular mechanism of the insect immune response pathway.

  Research Advance in Transglutaminase in Streptoverticillium 2019, 35 (24):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030118 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 186 ) To illuminate the application prospects of transglutaminase in Streptoverticillium in the fields of food and medicine, the authors summarized catalytic activity, physiological function and physicochemical properties of transglutaminase; summed up the breeding of high- yield transglutaminase strain, the optimization of fermentation conditions of producing transglutaminase strain, isolation and purification of transglutaminase in Streptoverticillium, gene cloning of transglutaminase, sequence analysis and transformation, gene modification, the structure and application of transglutaminase in Streptoverticillium. The problems of transglutaminase in the commercial production were pointed out, and the future research hotspots and development trend of transglutaminase in Streptoverticillium were discussed.

  Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Contents in Kernels of Near Isogenic Lines of Colored Wheat 2019, 35 (24):  115-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030121 Abstract + ( 430 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 85 ) Amino acids, the basic components of protein, are important nutrients to human. Colored wheat is regarded as a new wheat type for nutrition and health care, but the amino acid contents of colored wheat are still not well known. In this study, we developed three near isogenic wheat lines with blue‘( Kexing 611’), purple ‘( Kexing 617’) or white‘( Jimai 22’) grains using‘Jimai 22’as a recurrent parent. Their kernels harvestedfrom three environments are comparatively analyzed for total amino acid contents with high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the contents of essential, non- essential and total amino acids of ‘Kexing 611’were significantly higher than that of‘Kexing 617’and‘Jimai 22’. However,‘Kexing 617’ exhibited lower contents of essential, non-essential and total amino acids compared with those of‘Jimai 22’. Hence, the blue-grained wheat line is a better source of amino acid nutrition for human consumption, which could be used to enhance the amino acid contents of wheat cultivars and thus the nutritional quality of wheat.

  The Acquisition of Transgenic Gossypium barbadense with Cry1A Gene and Its Identification 2019, 35 (24):  122-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030111 Abstract + ( 440 )   PDF ( 1654KB )   ( 91 ) Agrobacterium mediated transgenic insect-resistant gene test is conducted in order to select new island cotton lines (varieties) with excellent insect resistance. On the basis of embryonic regeneration system of island cotton somatic cells, the expression vector pBI121 with Cry1A gene was transferred to the embryogenic callus of‘Xinhai 33’by Agrobacterium-mediated method. The insect-resistant offspring were screened by the culture medium screening, PCR detection, RT-PCR detection and insect-resistance identification. 12 resistant plants were obtained. The PCR result revealed that the 12 resistant plants could amplify the expected-size DNA fragments, and the test results were positive. RT- PCR result showed that the target gene had been integrated into 12 transgenic plant genomes, and could reverse transcription of mRNA. The test result of Bt- Cry1Ab/Ac transgenic paper indicated that the 12 transgenic plants contained the target protein. Transgenic plants had certain resistance to cotton bollworm larvae by insect- resistant identification. This study successfully transforms insect-resistant genes into island cotton, obtains the insect-resistant plants, and the results have some reference value for the breeding of new transgenic insect-resistant island cotton varieties.

  Efficacy Evaluation of 14 Suspension Seed Coating Agents on Controlling Corn Underground Pests, Aphids and Stalk Rot 2019, 35 (24):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080018 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 1052KB )   ( 104 ) To effectively control the perennial damage of corn underground pests, aphids and stalk rot, and to screen seed coating agents with better control effect, 14 kinds of suspension seed coating agents were tested in field. The results showed that the 14 kinds of seed coating agents were safe for corn seedling emergence, and the highest seedling emergence rate was 96.7% when corn seeds were treated with fipronil-thiamethoxam (30% suspended seed coating agent) (1:1000). The control effect of fipronil and thiamethoxam (30% suspension seed coating agent) (1:1000) on corn underground pests and corn aphids was 84.8% and 80.0%, respectively. The control effect of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil and amistar (11% suspension seed coating agent) (1:2000) on stalk rot was 73.7%, indicating that the combination of thiamethoxam, fipronil and metalaxyl could control corn underground pests, aphids and stalk rot effectively. It is suggested that different formulations should be selected according to different ecological types and regions, combining with varieties, fertilization and management measures, so as to achieve the best control effect.

  4 Kinds of Seed Coatings: Control Effect on Root Rot Disease of Red Kidney Bean 张仙红 2019, 35 (24):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110053 Abstract + ( 689 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 86 ) To screen seed coatings with good control effect on root rot disease for providing support for production and planting of red kidney bean, we compared the emergence rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight and so on by indoor pot experiments, screened the seed coatings for the growth and development of red kidney bean. After the field experiment, we compared the disease index, control effect and yield increase in different periods, and selected the ideal seed coatings. The pot experiment showed that: the seed coatings of 35% carbendazim·thiram·carbofuran FSC, 11% metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin FSC, 62.5 g/L metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil FSC and 12% thiophanate-methyl·metalaxyl·azoxystrobin FSC were safe to the growth of red kidney bean; the field experiments showed that: after seedling emergency of 10 days, 11% metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin FSC had the best control effect with 89.28%, the control effect of 12% thiophanate- methyl · metalaxyl · azoxystrobin FSC, 62.5 g/L metalaxyl- M · fludioxonil FSC, and 35% carbendazim·thiram·carbofuran FSC was 72.56%, 67.79% and 59.51%, respectively; 35% carbendazim thiram·carbofuran FSC increased the yield most significantly by 28.35% higher than control treatment, 11% metalaxyl- M · fludioxonil · azoxystrobin FSC increased the yield by 19.64% , but their difference was not significant. In conclusion, 11% metalaxyl- M · fludioxonil · azoxystrobin FSC can control root rot disease significantly with good application value, and can be used interchangeably with 35% carbendazim·thiram· carbofuran FSC commonly used in the market.

  Wnt7a and Progesterone Receptors: The Expression in Artificially Fertilized Cows Before and After Conception 杨佐君,,,, and 2019, 35 (24):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030016 Abstract + ( 492 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 82 ) This study aims at screening the early pregnancy diagnosis marker of dairy cows and improving the economic benefits of dairy farming. Ten Holstein cows were selected from some cattle farms in Beijing. Blood was taken on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, and 19th day after insemination, the expression trends and changes of Wnt7a and PR were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blotting. The pregnancy test of 10 Holstein cows was conducted with the direct inspection, 7 of them were conceived and 3 were unpregnancy. By detecting the expression levels of Wnt7a and PR genes in the blood of pregnant and non-pregnant cows, it was found that the expression level of Wnt7a gene in the blood of pregnant cows was higher than that of nonpregnant cows. In particular, the expression level of Wnt7a gene in pregnant cows increased significantly on the 7th day after insemination, the level expression of Wnt7a protein showed the similar trend. The PR gene showed a decreased-expression trend on the 1st day after insemination in all 10 cows and it maintained a very low expression state. Wnt7a has the potential as a diagnostic marker for early pregnancy in dairy cows, which has the advantage of advancing the detection window to the 7th day after insemination; PR does not have the advantage as a marker factor. By exploring the changes of the relative factors affecting early pregnancy, it can provide a theoretical basis for the time window of pregnancy test advancing to the early pregnancy stage.

  Effects on Growth Performance, Immune Organ Indices and Intestinal Flora of Quails: Yeast Culture 樊琼 and 王灏琦 2019, 35 (24):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030075 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 178 ) The aim is to investigate the effects of yeast culture on growth performance, immune function and intestinal flora of quails. 720 one-day-old healthy quails of Korean Dragon were chosen and randomly divided into four groups, including control group, test group I (basic diet + 0.1% yeast culture), test group II (basal diet + 0.15% yeast culture) and test group III (basic diet + 0.2% yeast culture), 6 replicates were set for each group and each repeat had 30 chickens, and the test period was 42 days. The results showed that group I, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ could significantly increase ADG of quails and reduce the F/G of quails in 1-21 d, 22-42 d and 1-42 d, and the index of fabricius bursa in 21 d and 42 d quails and the indexes of thymus and spleen in 42 d quails significantly increased. All group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ could markedly decrease the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in 21 d quail, and group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ could obviously increase the number of Lactobacillus in cecum, and the difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ was also significant. Group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ could also markedly decrease the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum and obviously increase the number of Lactobacillus in 42 d quails, there was significant difference between group Ⅰand group Ⅲ. It indicated that the growth performance and immune function of quails could be increased and the structure of intestinal flora could be improved by feeding yeast culture. The appropriate dosage yeast culture was 0.15%.

  Effects on Toxicity and Antioxidant Indices in Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulate: Ammonia and Nitrite 2019, 35 (24):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010070 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1385KB )   ( 106 ) The objective is to study the toxic effects of ammonia and nitrite on Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulate, and determine the safe concentration of ammonia and nitrite to Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulate with the test method for the acute toxicity of static water. The chronic toxicity test was conducted to determine the effects of ammonia and nitrite on antioxidant indices. The results showed that there was no difference in the 24, 48, 72, 96 h lethal concentration of ammonia nitrogen and non- ionic ammonia for Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulate (P>0.05). However, the 24, 48, 72, 96 h lethal concentration and safe concentration of nitrite for Xiphophorus hellerii were significantly lower than those of Poecilia reticulate (P< 0.05). The safe concentration of ammonia, non-ionic ammonia, and nitrite of Xiphophorus hellerii was 12.22, 0.59 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration of ammonia, non- ionic ammonia and nitrite for Poecilia reticulate was 12.54, 0.55 and 1.77 mg/L, respectively. No difference was observed in gill Na+/K+- ATPase, SOD activity and T-AOC after exposed to ammonia and nitrite at the safe concentration for 96 h (P> 0.05). However, gill Na +/K +- ATPase activity decreased after exposed to ammonia and nitrite at the concentration of 0.5×LC50,96h (P<0.05). Therefore, the concentration of amino and nitrite should be controlled below the safe concentration in rearing Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulate.

  Agricultural Production Areas in Chengdu: Environmental Safety Assessment and Obstacle Factors’Analysis 2019, 35 (24):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030021 Abstract + ( 471 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 76 ) As the management foundation of agricultural product in its production process and the first pass of terminal agricultural product consumption safety, environmental safety of agricultural production areas is a crucial guarantee for the quantity and quality safety of agricultural products. Based on the conceptual model of PSR, an evaluation index system of environmental safety of agricultural production areas was established. Using entropy method, comprehensive index method, fuzzy algorithms and diagnosis model, this paper evaluated environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 and identified its safety grade and main obstacle factors. The research results showed that (1)Under the synthetic effects of three safety indexes from pressure, state and response, environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 is not high on the whole and obviously fluctuant. During this period, these three indexes changed in the same way as the comprehensive index did; (2)In general, Environmental safety grade of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 tended to improve, but the fluctuations still existed. The safety grade was unsafe in 2010 and 2015, less safe in 2011-2014 and safe in 2016; (3) The main barriers of environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010-2016 originate from pesticide input intensity, load of livestock manure in farmland, pollution pressure of industrial SO2 emission, urbanization rate, acid rain frequency, air quality, environmental protection expenditure proportion. It was particularly after 2014 that obstacle effects of pesticide input intensity, urbanization rate, air quality, environmental protection expenditure proportion highlighted. Obstacle degrees from pressure and state were the two prominent ones, and obstacle degree of pressure has increased since 2014, while obstacle degree of state has gradually decreased since 2014.