Abstract: Mulberry trees were planted on heavy metal contaminated farmland around a mining area in Jiangxi Province. After 3 years, the contents of heavy metals, the distribution of various forms of heavy metals, the soil microbial distribution and the soil enzyme activities of the farmland were analyzed. The results showed that the remediation index of Cd and Pb reached 96.87% and 81.93%, respectively, and their content were 0.38 and 107.63 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd and Pb were mainly concentrated in the roots of mulberry. The highest content of Cd and Pb in different parts of the mulberry trees were found in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest content was in winter. The exchangeable metal state, carbonate bound state, metal residue state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state and organic matter bound state of Cd and Pb in soil were all could be detected. Exchangeable Cd and residual Pb were the main forms. At the same time, the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in soil were significantly correlated with the distribution of microbial communities, soil physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The results showed that the soil microenvironment could be changed and improved synchronously during the process of phytoremediation by mulberry trees in the mining area. After three years of mulberry planting, the quality of the soil environment in the mining area reached the third grade standard.