Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.25 Published:05 September 2019

  Increasing Temperature and High Temperature Affect the Absorption of Main Nutrients in Rice Under Different Planting Patterns 2019, 35 (25):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030094 Abstract + ( 486 )   PDF ( 957KB )   ( 151 ) This study aims to provide a basis for the safe production of rice under future climate change. Two high-yield rice varieties‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 46’in Jiangsu Province were chosen as experimental materials, machine-transplanted seedling and mechanized direct seeding were simulated, and the effects of increasing temperature and high temperature on the main nutrients N and P in rice under different planting patterns were explored. At the beginning of the heading stage, normal temperature, increasing temperature and high temperature were conducted for 15 days in the phytotron, the dynamic changes of N and P contents in different organs of rice were analyzed. The results showed that increasing temperature and high temperature treatments significantly increased N and P contents in various organs of rice. The variation of N content in various organs under high temperature treatment was generally greater than that of increasing temperature treatment. Under the same increasing temperature treatment, the increase of N content in each organ was in the order of stem>leaf>ear. There was no significant difference in the change of P content between high temperature treatment and increasing temperature treatment. From the heading stage to the maturity stage, under the same planting pattern and increasing temperature treatment, compared with the normal temperature treatment, the increase of N and P contents in different organs of rice differed between the two tested varieties, and the tolerance to climate change of‘Nanjing 46’was greater than that of‘Nanjing 9108’. Under the same temperature treatment and variety, the transport efficiency of N and P from stem to leaf under direct seeding was higher than that under transplanting.

  Effect of Uniforming Pattern and Density on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat 2019, 35 (25):  8-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040046 Abstract + ( 553 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 148 ) To research the effect of uniforming pattern and density on seed germination and seedling traits of wheat,‘Xinchun 31’was used as material. Two sowing ways were set up, which were uniforming and drilling pattern, the density of 25, 36, 49 and 64 plants/box were set (D1, D2, D3 and D4), indicators of the wheat radicle and seedling traits were studied. The results showed that compared with the drilling pattern, wheat seedling radicle number, branch number, root surface area and volume of uniforming pattern increased, seedling stem diameter and seedling height increased by 6.15% and 1.02%, respectively, and with the increase of planting density, seedling stem diameter and seedling height increased and then decreased. The radicle rapid elongation time under uniforming pattern was 1.16 days shorter than that of drilling pattern, the theoretical maximum length of radicle decreased by 2.95%, while root maximum elongation rate increased by 8.96%. Radicle length had significantly or extremely and significantly positive correlation with radicle weight and stem and leaf weight, and significantly negative correlation with the grain residue weight; radicle average diameter had significantly negative correlation with radicle weight, stem and leaf weight and seedling weight; radicle weight had significantly positive correlation with stem leaf weight and seedling weight. Among them, the planting pattern and density had significant effects on root dry weight of 23 days, had little effect on the other indexes of other times. The conversion rate and consumption rate of dry matter in grain in germination stage first increased and then decreased, the conversion rate reached the highest on the 15th day, and that of uniforming pattern was 0.26% higher than that of drilling pattern with non-significant difference. The consumption rate reached the highest on the 11th day, and that of uniforming method was 10.61% higher than that of drilling method with significant difference. Planting density had little effect on the conversion rate and the consumption rate.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of Buckwheat 魏小星,刘勇,刘文辉 and 贾志锋 2019, 35 (25):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050131 Abstract + ( 452 )   PDF ( 990KB )   ( 145 ) The aim is to study the effect of different nitrogen applications on the yield and quality of buckwheat, and screen the optimum fertilizer application amount in buckwheat planting in the eastern farming areas of Qinghai. Field experiments were conducted by using sweet buckwheat‘Liuqiao1’and tartary buckwheat‘Heifeng1’; the growth period, yield and the components of yield were detected under 5 nitrogen levels; meanwhile, the seed quality was also analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of the nitrogen, the yield and quality of the two buckwheat varieties first increased and then decreased; the best performance appeared when the nitrogen was 90 kg/hm2. For tartary buckwheat‘Heifeng1’, the plant height, the number of main stem brunches and the number of main stem nodes were significantly higher compared with CK (P<0.05), increasing by 23.21%, 15.63%, 9.80% respectively; while those of sweet buckwheat‘Liuqiao1’ increased by 8.48% , 15.29% and 14% respectively. Also, the components related to the yield increased greatly, the yield performance was the best when the nitrogen application was 90 kg/hm2, the yield was also the highest, and the differences of yield among varieties were relatively large. In quality, the 90 kg/hm2 treatment increased the protein content, starch content, crude fat content and flavone content of the two buckwheat varieties, which was significantly higher than that of CK. Therefore, under the experimental conditions, the nitrogen 90 kg/hm2 treatment has a good promoting effect on the yield and quality of buckwheat, and it is worth popularizing and applying.

  Effects of CO2 Capture Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Indices of Foxtail Millet 2019, 35 (25):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040014 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 1060KB )   ( 99 ) To investigate the effects of CO2 capture agent on photosynthetic characteristics, physiological and biochemical indices and yield traits of foxtail millet, the authors used‘Yugu 28’as experimental material and analyzed the indices under different concentrations of CO2 capture agent at flowering stage. In this experiment, 4 treatments were set up: N0 was no spraying of CO2 capture agent (CK), the concentration of N1, N2 and N3 was 2.25, 4.50 and 6.75 L/hm2, respectively. The results showed that photosynthetic characteristics, physiological and biochemical indices and yield traits of millet were significantly higher than those of control under N1, N2 and N3, and all peak values appeared under N2. Under N2, compared with CK, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll (a+b) increased by 41.8%, 53.8% and 48.2%, respectively; the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency increased by 30.9% , 76.5% , 66.7% and 38.7% compared with that of CK, respectively; the soluble sugar and soluble protein content increased by 95.1% and 5.4- fold, respectively; the activity of SOD, POD and CAT increased by 26.7%, 86.8% and 90.0%, respectively; while the height of gravitational center decreased by 8.3%, and the bending force and culm lodging resistant index increased by 56.5% and 69.2%, respectively; the spike length, panicle grain mass, thousand grain mass, aboveground biomass and yield increased by 13.7%, 60.4%, 5.3%, 58.1% and 9.2% , respectively. As suggested above, it is of great importance to enhance photosynthesis, improve physiological and biochemical indices and increase yield of millet with applying certain concentrations of CO2 capture agent.

  Seedling Emergence of Cotton in Northern Xinjiang: Low Temperature Stress Effects and Suitable Seeding Time 朱蓉慧,田苗 and 2019, 35 (25):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090126 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 992KB )   ( 90 ) To understand the low temperature chilling damage at sowing and seedling emergence stage of cotton in northern Xinjiang, with the artificial climate chamber, we designed different low temperature stresses for sowing and seedling emergence test, and studied the suitable sowing temperature index, accumulated temperature index from sowing to seedling emergence period and suitable sowing time of cotton, combined with the agricultural meteorological observation data during 1991-2017. The results showed that: the parameters, such as germination rate, germination days, length of germination, fresh weight of germination and seedling emergence rate, had non-linear and regular changes with temperature; the longer the time of low temperature stress, the later the seedling emergence, the more the accumulated temperature needed; the minimum temperature for seedling emergence of main cotton varieties in northern Xinjiang was 12℃, and the required accumulated temperature was above 160℃ · d, the effective accumulated temperature of 12℃ or higher was above 55℃·d. Through artificial climate chamber test in combination with the practical monitoring research in field, the temperature steadily passing 12℃ in northern Xinjiang should be used as the initial period for planting main cotton varieties; the seeding time should be in late April, thus the seedling stage can be free from the spring cold damage.

  Edible Sunflower Hybrid Varieties: Analysis of Main Characters Based on Grey Theory 2019, 35 (25):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050160 Abstract + ( 448 )   PDF ( 944KB )   ( 59 ) The paper aims to improve the edible sunflower varieties in Hexi area. We analyzed 10 agronomic characters of 8 edible sunflower varieties with yield, quality and incidence rate respectively by adopting grey correlation analysis. The results showed that: the dominant factors that influenced the content of coarse-protein were the fertility period and stem thickness; the dominant factor that influenced the content of coarse-fat was seed shape, and the width and length of seed were also the dominant factors affecting the content of seed oleic acid and linoleic acid; the seed kernel rate and fertility period were the dominant factors affecting the incidence rate of plant; the 100-grain weight and sunflower head diameter were the dominant factors affecting the yield. The above indexes can be used as reference indexes for choosing edible sunflower varieties in Hexi area.

  Slow-release Fertilizer: Effects on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet and Soil Urease Activity 2019, 35 (25):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030103 Abstract + ( 539 )   PDF ( 978KB )   ( 68 ) To increase the use efficiency of nitrogen, improve yield and quality of sugar beet and popularize the slow-release fertilizer application. We studied the effects of slow-release fertilizer and common fertilizer on the contents of chlorophyll, dry weight, sucrose, and the yield and quality of sugar beet, and the soil urease activity by adopting ‘HI003’ as experimental material. The results showed that: the chlorophyll content of slow release fertilizer treatment was 12.22% higher than that of common fertilizer on August 5 and 9.72% higher than that of common fertilizer on September 5, respectively; in the early growth stage, the dry weight of slow-release fertilizer treatment was lower than that of common fertilizer, however, the dry weight of slow-release fertilizer treatment was higher than that of common fertilizer in the later growth stage; the effects of slow release fertilizer and common fertilizer on the sucrose content in leaves and roots of sugar beet was not significant; the slow release fertilizer decreased soil urease activity in sugar beet growing stage; compared with common fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer treatment increased the yield of root and sugar content; among the three treatments, 1:1 proportion of slow-release fertilizer and common fertilizer got the best performance and its sugar yield was higher than others. The experiment shows that the slow-release fertilizer contributes to the yield of sugar beet, so it is necessary to screen suitable slow-release, attempt to decrease fertilizer rate and reduce the environmental pollution caused by fertilizer.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Peanut in Sichuan Based on SSR Markers 2019, 35 (25):  43-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030136 Abstract + ( 423 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 100 ) The aim is to provide a basis for the molecular breeding of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and the construction of resource library. 57 accessions of peanut from various regions of Sichuan Province were selected as experimental materials, four agronomic traits and four quality traits of the materials were tested and identified, and 67 pairs of SSR markers were used to evaluate the materials, and associated with the phenotypic traits. The results revealed that among the 8 traits of peanut resources, 6 traits had greater variation and better diversity. 39 SSR primers were effective among the 67 SSR primers, and 53 polymorphic bands were amplified with an average of 1.36 loci per primer. The mean of Nei’s gene diversity was 0.2288, and Shannon’s information index was 0.3695. Cluster analysis was conducted with UPGMA. The 57 accessions were divided into two major groups at 0.5200 of genetic similarity coefficient and the maximum genetic distance was 0.51. There were several association markers with protein content, plant height, and sugar content. The research shows that the genetic diversity of peanuts in different regions of Sichuan is relatively abundant. The genetic relationships among resources are not related to their geographical distribution. The characteristic differences between local resources and the main cultivars are obvious, and their genetic relationships are far away.

  MYB Transcription Factor in Sugar Beet: Bioinformatics Analysis and Differential Expression During Seed Germination 2019, 35 (25):  54-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030067 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 4426KB )   ( 142 ) This study aims to understand the expression pattern of sugar beet’s MYB gene family in arid environment. We conducted Illumina Hi Seq on the transcriptome of sugar beet at germination stage in the experimental group and the distilled water control group simulated by 15%PEG under drought stress. Results showed that 79 MYB transcription factors were obtained, including 42 differentially expressed under drought stress. The amino acid sequence analysis showed that the MYB transcription factors in sugar beet germination contained eight motifs, and the eight motifs’structure domain contained different numbers of amino acid sites, which were speculated to be associated with the corresponding DNA molecules for binding and functioning. In this study, MYB gene of sugar beet in response to drought stress during germination is analyzed to provide genetic resources and theoretical basis for sugar beet breeding against drought stress.

  Microbial Selenium-enriched Fertilizer and Brassica rapa: Effect of Foliar Application on Selenium Content, Yield and Quality 2019, 35 (25):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070140 Abstract + ( 561 )   PDF ( 1046KB )   ( 273 ) To find out the most suitable spraying concentration of microbial selenium-enriched fertilizer and its optimal application time for Brassica rapa and provide guidance for the promotion and application of selenium- rich B. rapa in actual production, B. rapa‘Jingyan’was used as the material, 5 different concentrations of microbial selenium-enriched fertilizer (including CK) were sprayed on the crop leaves. The results showed that the weight, leaf width, taproot length, selenium content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of B. rapa were promoted by the application of microbial selenium-enriched fertilizer. Among them, selenium content was increased by se-enriched fertilizer at 40 mg/L. Plant weight, leaf width, soluble protein content and vitamin C content were increased by se- enriched fertilizer at 13.3 mg/L. Taproot length and soluble protein content were increased by se-enriched fertilizer at 10 mg/L. All in all, the spraying of seenriched fertilizer at low concentration (10 mg/L and 13.3 mg/L) could significantly increase the quality of B. rapa. The most optimal time for fertilizer is one week before harvest.

  Yield and Related Traits of Pigmented Pepper Under the Interaction of Density and Row Spacing: Multiple Analysis 2019, 35 (25):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030109 Abstract + ( 362 )   PDF ( 980KB )   ( 63 ) The paper aims to achieve high quality and high yield of pigmented pepper. By adopting split test design and using the cultivar‘0409’as the test material, we studied the interacting effect of density [82500 plants/hm2(A1), 67500 plants/hm2 (A2), 52500 plants/hm2(A3)] and row spacing (70 cm+50 cm, 60 cm+ 60 cm, 80 cm+40 cm) on yield and related traits of pigmented pepper by multiple analysis. The results showed that the biomass yield and fruit yield of pigmented pepper increased with the increasing density (A1>A2>A3) under different density and the same row spacing treatment; the biological yield and fruit yield of row spacing 80 cm+40 cm was the highest under the same density and different row spacing treatment, followed by row spacing 70 cm+50 cm, and three row spacing configurations were significantly different under A1 high density. With density increase, all yield traits, including fruit length, fruit shoulder diameter, single fruit weight, fruit weight per plant and the number of commercial fruit, were gradually decreasing, but the difference among the traits was not significant except the fruit weight per plant. The correlation coefficient was relatively large between the number of commercial fruit (0.8357*), single fruit weight (0.8196*), fruit shoulder diameter (0.7681) and fruit yield, while plant height (-0.8394*) was significantly and negatively correlated with fruit yield. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that plant height, fruit shoulder diameter, single fruit weight and the number of commercial fruit were important indicators affecting the fruit yield, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9998. Principal component analysis of relevant indicators showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 95.91%, which was basically consistent with the results of correlation analysis and path analysis of yield and related traits. In summary, the row spacing 80 cm+40 cm under the high-density 82500 plants/hm2 is the best cultivation pattern for pigmented peppers, and the potential of group production is the largest.

  Introduction and Application of Good Herbal Flowers 2019, 35 (25):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080073 Abstract + ( 491 )   PDF ( 960KB )   ( 172 ) 30 species of herbaceous flowers are introduced and cultivated in Chenzhou, and their biological characteristics, ornamental characters and ecological adaptability are observed and recorded, and a comprehensive evaluation model of herbaceous flowers is established by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). According to the ornamental, adaptive and growing properties of herbaceous flowers, 14 evaluation indexes such as the flower color, flower posture, flowering period length, flower coverage, resistance, pest resistance, management difficulty, and reproductive ability of the 30 species are determined, to screen out 15 species of Grade Ⅰ, 13 species of Grade Ⅱ, and 2 species of Grade Ⅲ, providing a reference for the large- scale promotion and application of herbaceous flowers in urban landscape greening.

  Canonical Correlation Analysis of Composition of Urban Development Land and Air Quality in 35 Large and Medium-sized Cities in China 2019, 35 (25):  84-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030010 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 1898KB )   ( 79 ) The authors selected 35 large and medium-sized cities in China as sample cities to evaluate the air quality and composition of urban development land characteristics in 2016. The relationship between composition of urban development land and air quality was analyzed by using canonical correlation analysis method, which provides a scientific basis for rational arrangement of urban land structure, improvement of air quality and urban human settlements quality. The results showed that: (1) the regional differences of air quality in sample cities varied significantly during the study period. The air pollution was mainly concentrated in north and northwest of China, while the air quality was relatively good in southeast coast. Compared with other cities in China, air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area was still very serious. The average annual concentration of air quality index, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 showed that the southern city were better than the northern city and the coastal city were better than the inland city. (2) During the study period, there were some differences in the composition of urban development land, and residential land and industrial and mining storage land account for 49%- 58% of the total area. The structural differences between northern and southern cities was mainly reflected in the proportion of green space and square land and the differences of composition of urban development land in coastal, inland cities was mainly reflected in the proportion of public management and public service land, industrial and mining storage land and green space and square land. The average value of information entropy showed that the northern cities were greater than southern cities, inland cities were greater than coastal cities. (3) The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that the composition of urban development land had a certain influence on air quality. Air pollutants in different regions were different and the structural factors that affected the concentration of air pollutants were different. On the whole, there was a negative correlation between residential land, commercial service facility land and SO2; a positive correlation between industrial and mining storage land and NO2. Regionally, residential land, road and transportation facilities land were positively correlated with PM2.5; industrial and mining storage land was positively correlated with NO2; residential land, transportation facilities land were negatively correlated with SO2. Composition of urban development land of sample cities has a certain impact on air quality.

  Radionuclide Influences on Soil Microbial Biomass and Identification of Dominant Microorganism of Uranium Tailings 2019, 35 (25):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090125 Abstract + ( 447 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 120 ) To build a sensitive and efficient forecasting system for contamination soil mediation at mineral area,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were investigated by chloroform fumigation, and the dominant microorganism was studied by 16SrDNA. The results showed that Cmic, Nmic at the depth of 0-15 cm soil layer was greater than that in 15-30 cm, in addition to the No. 8 sample point, Cmic and Nmic in each point was lower than that of the contrast. Cmic/Nmic showed that considerable changes occurred in microbial community structure, the number of bacteria in 15-30 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0-15 cm soil layer. The sensitive degree of U and 226Ra was Nmic＞Cmic/Nmic＞Cmic, 6 dominant strains were isolated and tested by 16SrDNA to be B1 Bacillus cereus, B2 Arthrobacter oryzae, B3 Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans, B4 Serratia marcescens, B5 Microbacterium oxydans and B6 Paeribacillus barcinonensis. The experiment showed that the radioactive pollution reduced soil microbial quantity compared with the control in different degrees, soil microbial community structure had large change, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of each point had obvious difference.

  Organic Carbon Mineralization of Yellow Soil Under Long-term Fertilization: Response to Soil Temperature Change 李渝 and 2019, 35 (25):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030080 Abstract + ( 363 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 89 ) The paper aims to reveal the response characteristics of organic carbon mineralization of yellow soil under long-term fertilization to soil temperature. We studied the effects of yellow soil subjected to long-term fertilization [without fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), single application of organic fertilizer (M) and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer (MNPK)] at 10℃ and 20℃ on organic carbon mineralization, by using NaOH absorption method. The results showed that: the order of 80-day cumulative mineralization amounts at different temperatures was M>MNPK>CK>NPK, corresponding to the trend of SOC content in soil under long-term fertilization; C0/SOC (potential mineralization/organic carbon) with NPK was the highest at different temperatures, the other treatments had significant differences (P<0.05) except M and MNPK; Q10 ranged from 2.92 to 4.18; the soil mineralization under long-term organic fertilizer application (M, MNPK) was affected by temperature significantly more than that under long-term single inorganic fertilizer application and unfertilized soil; the response of soil to temperature was more sensitive under the application of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer (MNPK), and organic fertilizer (M) compared with that under single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK) and without fertilization (CK) (P<0.05), revealing the response characteristics of organic carbon to temperature in soil with long-term application of organic fertilizer.

  The Data of Agrometeorological Automatic Observation System and Manual Observation: A Comparative Analysis 2019, 35 (25):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030037 Abstract + ( 335 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 86 ) We installed a set of agrometeorological automatic observation system in Tuquan and Zhalaiteqi respectively, Xingan league, Inner Mongolia in 2016, to perform comparison tests on automatic and manual observation of agrometeorological elements of spring maize and rice on their development period, plant density, plant canopy height, growth status, leaf area index and dry matter weight. According to the comparative test data analysis, the results showed that: the automatic observation data of crop growth status and growth period were basically consistent with the manual observation data and could completely replace the manual observation; automatic observation had relatively large errors on plant density, canopy height, leaf area index and dry matter weight, and could not replace manual observation. The automatic and digital agrometeorological observation of crop growth status and growth stage could enhance the objectivity, timeliness and continuity of observation data and provide data support for improving the accuracy of agrometeorological service.

  Summer Precipitation in Heilongjiang from 1961 to 2017: Climatic Characteristics 王波,刘赫男 and 朱红蕊 2019, 35 (25):  115-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030055 Abstract + ( 441 )   PDF ( 1883KB )   ( 83 ) The paper aims to study the climatic characteristics of summer precipitation in Heilongjiang. We analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of summer precipitation based on the daily precipitation data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang from June to August during 1961-2017, and divided the precipitation into 4 grades: light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, rainstorm and above, discussed the contribution of precipitation at different grades to total summer precipitation. The results showed that: the average annual precipitation (slightly reduced) in summer in Heilongjiang was about 336.2 mm, and the most precipitation was in 1980s; the annual average precipitation days (significantly reduced) were about 42.3 days, andthemostwasin1960s;theannualaverageprecipitationintensity(significantlyincreased)wasabout 7.98mm/d, and the maximum precipitation intensity was found in 1990s and 1980s; in all grades of precipitation, only light rain precipitation (precipitation days) showed a significant decreasing trend, and the precipitation intensity showed a significant increasing trend; more than one third of summer precipitation was provided by moderate rain, and more than half of summer precipitation was provided by both light rain and heavy rain; the precipitation events were mainly light rain, nearly three quarters of the precipitation days were light rain days.

  First Spring Soaking Rain in Heilongjiang: Climatic Characteristics and Circulation Analysis 2019, 35 (25):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030093 Abstract + ( 548 )   PDF ( 1642KB )   ( 101 ) The paper aims to improve the forecast of the first spring soaking rain in Heilongjiang, and to prevent and mitigate disasters for agricultural production. Based on the daily precipitation data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, we conducted the study by adopting the climate trend, EOF, correlation and synthesis methods. The results showed that: the spring soaking rain in Heilongjiang showed a significant advance trend, it started in the east and eventually reached the west on average; the earliest in history was April 1, and it did not appear at more than 20 stations during April-May for 12 years; it could be divided into 3 types: consistency, east- west inverse, central- east&west inverse; there was a significantly inverse correlation with precipitation in spring, especially in April; in early years, in the early autumn and winter, the 500 hPa circulation anomaly field in the northern hemisphere was in the order of“-+”from high latitude to mid-latitude, and on the other hand was“+-”; in April, the 500 hPa circulation correlation field was positively correlated from Lake Baikal to the western part of Heilongjiang, while it was negatively correlated in the subtropical region. The analysis shows that grasping the climatic background and variation characteristics and using the variations of 500 hPa circulation field in the northern hemisphere in early autumn, winter and April could have a good guiding significance for the forcast of the first spring soaking rain.

  Response of Snow Cover to Climate Change in Chang Tang Nature Reserve in 1971-2017 2019, 35 (25):  130-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030009 Abstract + ( 453 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 277 ) Snow cover is one of the most active natural components in climatic system, and its variability has a major impact on global and regional climate change. Based on the daily data of snow cover, temperature, precipitation and wind speed at five meteorological stations in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of Tibet (CTNRT) from 1971 to 2017, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of snow cover days and snow depth were analyzed by using the methods of trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test analysis. Also, the correlation between the change of snow cover and climatic factors was discussed. The results showed that: the annual snow cover days of each station were 18.4- 67.0 in CTNRT, and the distribution increased from the west to the east. Meanwhile, with the increase of altitude, the snow cover days increased, the beginning day of snow cover was earlier, the terminal day of snow cover was delayed, and the duration of snow cover was prolonged. During 1971 to 2017, the annual snow cover days exhibited a significantly decreasing trend with a rate of 3.8 d/10 a, especially in autumn and spring. The annual maximum snow depth showed a decreasing trend with a rate of 0.53 cm/10 a. Additionally, the beginning day of snow cover was postponed with a rate of 11.3 d/10 a, the terminal day of snow cover was earlier with a rate of 11.0 d/10 a, the duration of snow cover was decreased with a rate of 23.3 d/10 a, in recent 27 years (1991-2017), this trend of change was even more obvious. According to the Mann-Kendall test, except in winter, the abrupt change of the seasonal snow cover days occurred in the first decade of the 21st century, the climate mutation point of the beginning day, terminal day and duration of snow cover all occurred in 2001. In conclusion, the decrease of snow cover days is mainly caused by the significant increase of mean temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, and the postponed beginning day and the earlier terminal day are not only related to the significant increase of temperature, but also closely related to the decrease of wind speed.

  A Severe Hail in Shenyang: Mesoscale Characteristics Analysis 2019, 35 (25):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050067 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 5671KB )   ( 99 ) To study the mesoscale characteristics of the local hailstorm in Shenyang, and determine the characteristics of the physical parameters and radar echo in the hail, based on the conventional meteorological data, Doppler weather radar data and LN-LAPS (local analysis and prediction system in Liaoning) data, we analyzed a hail process on the morning of September 22, 2017 from the aspects of thermal and dynamic condition, PPI (plan position indicator) and vertical structure of radar echo. The results showed that: the hail occurred under the NECV (northeast cold vortex), instability environment and abundant water vapor, there was a wind convergence in the near-surface, an anticyclone divergence zone in the high-level; radar echo showed that the characteristics of the super cell storms overhung on the vertical profile of reflectivity factor; LN-LAPS could explain the vertical structure of the hail event, especially had a strong interpretation and application capability to the structure of such small-scale weather systems leading to the hailstorm.

  Control Effect of 7 Fungicides to Tomato Early Blight 2019, 35 (25):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060005 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 118 ) The paper aims to determine the control effect of 7 fungicides on tomato early blight and screening the best fungicide for it. The experiment was conducted to isolate and purify the pathogen on tomato diseased leaves, and the pathogen was identified as Alternaria solanil. The growth rate method was used to determine the control effect of 7 fungicides on Alternaria. The results showed that after 48 h, the EC50 of Difeno Conazde and Pvrimethanil was 0.27 and 0.81 mg/L, respectively, the virulence index was extremely high, and had great control effect on Alternaria; the control effect of Flusilazole and Kresoxim-mythyl were fine, their EC50 was 1.29 and 1.54 mg/L, respectively, the control effect of Iprodione and Propiconazole were good; their EC50 was 2.07 and 2.79 mg/L; the control effect of Mancozeb was poor and the virulence index was low, the EC50 was 5.17 mg/L. The control effect of the seven fungicides was similar between 72 h and 48 h.

  Occurrence Regularity of Grapholitha molesta Adults in Yuncheng Area and Control Effect of Sex Pheromone Traps 2019, 35 (25):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030102 Abstract + ( 461 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 99 ) To clarify the occurrence regularity of Grapholitha molesta adults and the control effect of sex pheromone traps, the occurrence regularity of G. molesta adults was systematically monitored with triangular sex pheromone traps and the control effect of two sex pheromone traps were studied. The results indicated that the peak occurrence time of G. molesta adults appeared three times. The first peak was from June 15 to July 1, the second peak was from July 23 to 29, and the third peak was from August 28 to September 3. The study on the control effect of the sex pheromone trap showed that both sex pheromone traps had control effects on G. molesta adults, and the triangular trap had better effect. The results clarifies the occurrence regularity and the control effect of sex pheromone traps for G. molesta adults in Yuncheng area, which could provide a scientific basis for the pest prediction and control.

  Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers: Residual in the Environment and Research Progress on Toxicological Effects 郭楠楠,孟顺龙. and 2019, 35 (25):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030132 Abstract + ( 421 )   PDF ( 1151KB )   ( 99 ) Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a major cause of environmental pollution, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one of the POPs. Therefore, it is important to understand the residue of PBDEs in the environment and its toxicological effects on organisms, for environmental governance and human health. This article briefly summarizes the residue of PBDEs in soil and water bodies, and the migration and transformation between them, and outlines the PBDEs’acute toxicity and physiological and biochemical toxicity in organisms, analyzes the effects of PBDEs on the biological antioxidant system, body organs, tissues, and biological genetic organisms. Aiming at the problems of higher toxicity of PBDEs in the environment and organisms, we put forward that appropriate laws and regulations should be developed to limit the use of PBDEs and strengthen the treatment of wastes containing PBDEs. The study recommends a ban on importing electronic waste, suggests choosing the production place far away from the residential area and so on. The study also discusses the future research on the development of new brominated flame retardant.