Abstract: The paper aims to reveal the response characteristics of organic carbon mineralization of yellow soil under long-term fertilization to soil temperature. We studied the effects of yellow soil subjected to long-term fertilization [without fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), single application of organic fertilizer (M) and organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer (MNPK)] at 10℃ and 20℃ on organic carbon mineralization, by using NaOH absorption method. The results showed that: the order of 80-day cumulative mineralization amounts at different temperatures was M>MNPK>CK>NPK, corresponding to the trend of SOC content in soil under long-term fertilization; C0/SOC (potential mineralization/organic carbon) with NPK was the highest at different temperatures, the other treatments had significant differences (P<0.05) except M and MNPK; Q10 ranged from 2.92 to 4.18; the soil mineralization under long-term organic fertilizer application (M, MNPK) was affected by temperature significantly more than that under long-term single inorganic fertilizer application and unfertilized soil; the response of soil to temperature was more sensitive under the application of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer (MNPK), and organic fertilizer (M) compared with that under single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK) and without fertilization (CK) (P<0.05), revealing the response characteristics of organic carbon to temperature in soil with long-term application of organic fertilizer.