Abstract: The aim is to provide a basis for the molecular breeding of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and the construction of resource library. 57 accessions of peanut from various regions of Sichuan Province were selected as experimental materials, four agronomic traits and four quality traits of the materials were tested and identified, and 67 pairs of SSR markers were used to evaluate the materials, and associated with the phenotypic traits. The results revealed that among the 8 traits of peanut resources, 6 traits had greater variation and better diversity. 39 SSR primers were effective among the 67 SSR primers, and 53 polymorphic bands were amplified with an average of 1.36 loci per primer. The mean of Nei’s gene diversity was 0.2288, and Shannon’s information index was 0.3695. Cluster analysis was conducted with UPGMA. The 57 accessions were divided into two major groups at 0.5200 of genetic similarity coefficient and the maximum genetic distance was 0.51. There were several association markers with protein content, plant height, and sugar content. The research shows that the genetic diversity of peanuts in different regions of Sichuan is relatively abundant. The genetic relationships among resources are not related to their geographical distribution. The characteristic differences between local resources and the main cultivars are obvious, and their genetic relationships are far away.