Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.26 Published:16 September 2019

  Correlation Analysis Between Grain Proportion and Yield and Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice and Its Application in Breeding 2019, 35 (26):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030082 Abstract + ( 396 )   PDF ( 939KB )   ( 67 ) To explore the correlation between the grain proportion and yield and quality traits of hybrid rice, using the high-yield and high-quality variety‘Tianyouhuazhan’as the control, the combinations were obtained from the hybridization with seven three-line sterile lines and five self-selected restorer lines. The panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle, grain volume, proportion, 1000-grain weight, plumpness, head rice rate and chalkiness degree were detected. There were differences in the panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle and chalkiness among different combinations. The grain proportion increased with the increasing grain weight and volume, and it was positively correlated with yield, but negatively correlated with head rice rate. Through the correlation analysis between grain proportion and yield quality traits, it was found that the grain proportion was positively correlated with head rice rate (0.8370**) and 1000- grain weight (0.7643**), and the correlation coefficients reached extremely significant level, among which 1000- grain weight was the biggest factor affecting yield and the important factor determining the grain proportion. Grain proportion was also positively correlated with the total number of grains per panicle (0.2697) and volume (0.0053), and negatively correlated with plumpness (- 0.2065), the panicle number per plant (-0.3326) and chalkiness degree (-0.1546). The increase of grain proportion can improve head rice rate and reduce the degree of chalkiness, thus to improve the yield and quality of rice. In the breeding of hybrid rice, the panicle number per plant and the plumpness should be considered in the case of large grain, and unilaterally increasing the grain weight would result in head rice rate decreasing. Therefore, in order to balance the yield and quality, the grain proportion should be moderate.

  Drought Stress: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf and Yield of Wheat Varieties 2019, 35 (26):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040063 Abstract + ( 506 )   PDF ( 1136KB )   ( 77 ) To screen fine wheat varieties suitable for cultivation in dry farming area of Shandong Province, under the condition of rain cultivation in field,‘Jimai 5265’,‘Lumai 13’,‘Jimai 22’,‘Linmai 6’,‘Qingmai 6’were used as materials. The SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and other related indexes of wheat flag leaf as well as yield were detected by the chlorophyll meter and photosynthetic apparatus. The results showed that drought stress reduced the SPAD value of flag leaf of wheat. The SPAD value of‘Jimai 22’and ‘Linmai 6’was relatively high, which indicated that the chlorophyll content was high, and flag leaf had strong ability to produce photosynthate and strong drought resistance. Drought stress reduced the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of wheat; the photosynthetic rate of‘Jimai 22’decreased more, while that of‘Qingmai 6’reduced less.‘Qingmai 6’had more drought resistance than‘Jimai 22’. Under drought stress,‘Lumai 13’and ‘Qingmai 6’could maintain high photosynthetic rate under high transpiration rate. Taken together, under the condition of adequate water,‘Jimai 5265’and‘Jimai 22’are suitable for popularizing in this area, under drought condition, the yield of‘Lumai 13’and‘Qingmai 6’is relatively stable.

  Moisture Change of Maize Ear at Milk Stage 2019, 35 (26):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050099 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1003KB )   ( 117 ) The objective is to explore the moisture change of ear cob, kernel, bract and ear stem of maize at milk stage.‘Xianyu696’and‘Heyu29’with the same growth period and different kernel dehydration rates at milk stage were used as materials. The moisture contents of ear cob, bract and kernel at milk stage were detected with drying weight reduction method, the change contents at different stages were also determined. The moisture change in ear stem was detected with moisture absorption method. The results showed that the dehydration rate of different varieties had the same trend: bract＞kernel＞cob,‘Xianyu696’＞‘Heyu29’. ‘Xianyu696’(the fast dehydration) showed that water traffic volume gradually decreased from stalk to ear along with the growth period going on. The moisture content of bract decreased quickly at the earlier stage, and the moisture content of kernel decreased quickly.‘Heyu29’(the slow dehydration) showed that water traffic volume was higher than that of‘Xianyu696’from stalk to ear, the carrying capacity did not change. The moisture of bract and kernel decreased slowly. We also found that kernel dehydration was related to the dehydration rate of bract and ear stem. After the physiological maturity of kernels, the water did not flow from ear to stalk in the natural dehydration process. The carrying capacity and variation of different varieties were different (the difference was not significant).

  Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of High Protein Soybean‘Qindou 2014’ 2019, 35 (26):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050125 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 940KB )   ( 206 ) This study introduced the breeding process of the new high protein soybean variety‘Qindou 2014’. We used the self-cultivating high-protein line 96E218 as the female parent and the high-yield variety‘Pudou 10’as the male parent for sexual cross-breeding. The offsprings were separated and selected by pod-picking mixing method. Through the product comparison test, regional test and production test, it proved that‘Qindou 2014’had the following characteristics, high yield and stable yield, strong disease resistance, wide adaptability and high protein content (47.79% crude protein content). After sowing date and density test, the best sowing date and the optimum density of the variety were determined. Finally, we also discussed the breeding methods and promotion models of high-protein soybean varieties.

  Breeding and Parental Pedigree Analysis of Small seeded Soybean Variety Henong 113 2019, 35 (26):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500216 Abstract + ( 400 )   PDF ( 1012KB )   ( 69 ) In order to breed new small seeded soybean varieties and promote the industrial development of natto and sprouts (bean sprouts), a new small seeded soybean variety of HeNong113 has been bred by sexual hybridization with female parent of Japan small seeded variety and male parent of HeJiao98-1062. This small seeded variety was suitable as raw material for bean sprout. HeNong113 was validated and promoted by Heilongjiang provincial crop committee in 2019. The seeds of this variety were round, yellow seed coat and navel, 100-grain weight 12.2g, protein content 40.50%, fat content 19.51%, soluble sugar content 7.2%, medium resistance to gray spot, the active accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ was 2450℃, and it was a mid-early maturing variety in spring soybean producing area of northeast China. The regional trial average yield was 2760.0 kg/hm2, which 14.2% higher than the control variety SuiXiaoLiDou 2 Hao. The production test average yield was 2749.7 kg/hm2, which 13.8% higher than the control variety SuiXiaoLiDou 2 Hao. The successed breed of this variety provided technical support of development of special soybean production and adjustment of industrial structure, but also provided methods and experience for small seeded variety breeding.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Active Oxygen Metabolism, Osmotic Regulators, SPAD and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Sweet Potato 2019, 35 (26):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030085 Abstract + ( 408 )   PDF ( 994KB )   ( 424 ) To explore the response mechanism of sweet potato to drought stress and its growth water requirement, the effects of different drought intensities (0% , 6% , 12% , 18% and 24% of PEG6000 concentration respectively) on active oxygen metabolism, osmotic regulators, SPAD and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of sweet potato were studied by soilless cultivation with‘Shangshu 19’as experimental material. The results showed that the activities of protective enzymes SOD, POD, CAT, APX, soluble protein and soluble sugar first increased and then decreased with the increase of drought stress intensity, and the activities of protective enzymes SOD, POD, CAT and APX increased when the concentration of PEG-6000 was not higher than 7%. The content of soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 58.09% and 161.14% respectively when the concentration of PEG- 6000 was 7% . The content of proline and malondialdehyde increased with the increase of drought stress intensity. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was not higher than 3% , it could stimulate the chlorophyll production of sweet potato leaves. SPAD was negatively correlated with the intensity of drought stress. The fitting equation of SPAD and drought stress was y=54.354e-3.323x. Initial fluorescence (Fo) showed the change rule of first decreasing and then increasing, and the lowest value was at 3% PEG-6000 concentration; the maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical extinction coefficient (qP) showed a single peak change rule of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of drought stress intensity, and the maximum value was at 3% PEG-6000 concentration, which had a negative correlation with initial fluorescence (Fo). It is concluded that water-saving irrigation could be achieved under the condition of maintaining healthy growth of sweet potato seedlings when the soil moisture content is kept at 3% PEG-6000 concentration, but the soil drought intensity could not exceed 7% of PEG- 6000 concentration, otherwise, the morphological and physiological characteristics of sweet potato seedlings would be adversely affected.

  Effects of Soil Moisture Preserving Methods and Boron on Sugarbeet Yield and Quality 宋柏权,郝学明,董一帆,杨思源,王响玲,王孝纯,王秋红 and 周建朝 2019, 35 (26):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060064 Abstract + ( 347 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 59 ) The study aims to clarify the effects of soil moisture preserving methods and boron treatment on photosynthesis of sugarbeet leaves, and the yield and quality of sugrabeet, in order to provide a basis for cultivating drought-resistant, high-yield and high-sugar sugarbeet. The experiment was conducted in 2016. The SPAD value, yield and quality of sugarbeet were determined under different cultivating water treatments and foliar boron application in the middle and late stage. The correlation between SPAD values and the yield and quality was analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, JF (the ridge mulched with plastic film and furrow cover the straw) water treatment significantly increased sugar yield, boron application improved the sugar content, yield and sugar production in field. For improving the sugar content and yield, JG+ B (the furrow cover the straw+ foliar boron application) had the best effect. JF+B had the best result for improving the yield of sugarbeet. The application of boron increased the SPAD value of sugarbeet leaves, and the SPAD value had the largest gray correlation degree with sugar content of sugarbeet, which had a close relationship. The comprehensive analysis shows that JF can be used as a cultivation model for droughtresistant and water- saving under the ecological condition. Boron application enhances leaf photosynthetic ability and increases yield and sugar content. It is suggested that boron application should be combined with straw mulching (JF+B) in production.

  Optimum Sulphur Rate and Its Impact on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality in Southern Anhui 2019, 35 (26):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050133 Abstract + ( 372 )   PDF ( 933KB )   ( 100 ) Different sulphur application rates were designed to determine the optimum sulphur application rate in southern Anhui tobacco area and its effect on the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that proper sulphur application could promote the growth and development of tobacco plants, sulphur application increased the sulphur content in all organs of the tobacco plant, and the increment pattern of sulphur content was ranked as root < stem < leaf. The total sulphur content under the same sulphur application rate was ranked as root < stem < leaf. As for leaf, the maximum value of sulphur content was measured in above leaf layer, the minimum was occurred in below leaf layer and the intermediate was measured in middle leaf layer. The total sulphur application rate of flue-cured tobacco should not exceed 45.0 kg/hm2, and appropriate sulphur applied could enhance the leaf sugar accumulation. There was negative effect of sulphur application on the total potassium accumulation, external and economic traits. Excessive application of sulphur decreased smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, adjusted the type of fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production, reduced the proportion of sulphur content in the fertilizer could enhance the intrinsic quality in southern Anhui province.

  Ecological Adaptability of Evergreen Conifers in Taiyuan City 2019, 35 (26):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050030 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 378 ) In the research, we studied the ecological adaptability of evergreen conifers in Taiyuan City, and provided references for the selection of greening species. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate ecological adaptability of 12 evergreen conifers in Taiyuan, and based on the five evaluation indexes, the judgment matrix and weight value were established by 1-9 scale method. According the comprehensive scores, we conducted adaptability evaluation and cluster analysis, and the tree species were divided into five levels: level Ⅰ (extremely adaptive), level Ⅱ (adaptive), level Ⅲ (not very adaptive), level Ⅳ (not adaptive), level Ⅴ (extremely maladaptive). Five indicators (crown potential, trunk shape, growth potential, branches and leaves situational, pest performance) were chosen in the ecological adaptability evaluation index system of Taiyuan evergreen conifers, and the weight value of every indicator was 0.395, 0.068, 0.333, 0.113 and 0.091, respectively. The adaptability evaluation and cluster analysis showed that the 12 evergreen conifers were divided into four grades as: levelⅠ-Sabina chinensis, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus bungeana; level Ⅱ-Picea meyeri, Picea wilsonii, Juniperus rigida; level Ⅲ-Pinus sylvestris, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabuliformis; level Ⅳ- Cedrus deodara, Abies holophylla, Taxus chinensis.

  Seed and Seedling of Halostachys caspica: Response to Drought Stress 2019, 35 (26):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040105 Abstract + ( 336 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 98 ) Halostachys caspica was used as material, seed germination characteristics and seedling physiological change under drought stress were studied to confirm its adaptive capacity to drought stress. PEG was used to simulate drought stress, and the growth and physiological indexes during germination and seedling stage were detected. The results showed that high osmotic potential (-0.6 to -0.4 MPa) had stimulating effect on seed germination, promoted the initial germination rate and shortened the time to the final germination rate, and the final germination rate under high osmotic potential treatment was not significantly different from that of CK. The medium and low osmotic potential (- 2.0 to - 0.8 MPa) inhibited seed germination significantly, reduced the initial germination rate and prolonged the time to final germination rate. Seedlings of Halostachys caspica were stimulated and had positive physiological responses to medium and high osmotic potential (-0.7 to -0.3 MPa). Compared with CK, relative conductivity decreased while soluble sugar content, CAT activity, and POD activity showed an increasing trend. Based on the characteristics of seed germination and physiological changes of seedlings under PEG treatments, it is concluded that Halostachys caspica can germinate and grow well at -0.7 to -0.3 MPa osmotic potential.

  Effects of Intercropping with Solanum nigrum on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Cadmium Content of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum melongena 2019, 35 (26):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500152 Abstract + ( 490 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 73 ) To study the effects of intercropping on physiological and biochemical characteristics and cadmium content of vegetables, Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum melongena were intercropped with cadmium hyperaccumulator plant S. nigrum under cadmium contamination condition. The results showed that the root and aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and cadmium content in the aboveground part of L. esculentum were higher than those of monoculture, only cadmium content in root decreased by 43.54% . The root and aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of S. melongena were decreased after intercropped with S. nigrum, but cadmium content in root and aboveground increased by 44.06% and 6.52%, respectively. The root cadmium content, aboveground cadmium content and cadmium accumulation of S. nigrum intercropped with L. esculentum and S. melongenat were lower than those of monoculture. Therefore, L. esculentum and S. melongena intercropped with S. nigrum are not suitable for repairing the soil polluted by cadmium and for producing vegetables in the area polluted by cadmium.

  Citrus grandis‘Guanxi pomelo’: The Relationship Between Juicy Sac Granulation and Harvesting Time 2019, 35 (26):  64-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070059 Abstract + ( 586 )   PDF ( 1055KB )   ( 99 ) The paper aims to analyze the effect of harvest time on the juicy sac granulation of‘Guanxi pomelo’ (Citrus grandis). We selected 4 high-yield plants which were from different altitudes in the same production unit, and collected fruits at different ripening stages; then tested the quality index of fruit samples after storage. The results showed that: (1) the fruits at low altitude and were timely harvested had high quality, such as high sugar, low acid, light granulation, otherwise, the fruits quality was inferior; the single fruit quality decreased significantly with tree ages; (2) since 10/15, TSS/TA>12 and TA<1.0% marked fruit ripening; (3) the juicy sac granulation at earlier harvesting (before 10/15) significantly increased compared with that at mature harvesting (after 10/15); (4) the maturity in theory delayed by 8.4 days with 100 m increase in altitude; (5) in theory, earlier harvesting reduced production by 5.3%/10 d. The average ripening period of‘Guanxi pomelo’in Pinghe is mid- October; earlier harvesting could significantly exacerbate the juicy sac granulation rate of ‘Guanxi pomelo’stored at room temperature, and cause a loss of production.

  Effects of Simulated Temperature Change on Photosynthesis of Lycoris radiata in Winter and Spring 2019, 35 (26):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010055 Abstract + ( 421 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 181 ) To study the effects of simulate temperature change on photosynthesis of Lycoris radiata in winter and spring, the photosynthesis indexes were measured through the artificial climate chest to fix the environmental temperature with the change of cuvette temperature. The results showed that compared with 15℃, the photosynthesis of L. radiata was affected by mild hypothermia at 5℃, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was much lower than that under 15℃, but the initial quantum efficiency (α) was much higher. Under different temperatures, the photosynthetic light- response curves were different: when the ambient temperature was 15℃, the normal curve only appeared when cuvette temperature was equal to ambient temperature, and light saturation point (LSP) appeared at low light intensity; when ambient temperature was 5℃, the photosynthetic light-response process was normal when the cuvette temperature was above or below 10℃ (5, 15, 20℃), as the cuvette temperature rose, Pn dropped almost to zero.

  Ornamental Germplasm Resources of Crabapple and Their Utilization 2019, 35 (26):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060009 Abstract + ( 457 )   PDF ( 861KB )   ( 220 ) Crabapple is the famous woody ornamental plant groups with wide varieties and colorful flowers. Through reviewing the related literature on the research of genus Malus and the genus Chaenomeles in recent years, we briefly describes the wild resources and its geographical distribution, reviews the brief history of the crabapple’s classification, summarizes the application of molecular marker technology in the study of the genetic diversity of crabapple and the research status of breeding, and evaluates its landscape effect in green space application. Finally, according to the problems existing in classification, breeding and application of crabapple, we put forward some suggestions on establishing standard classification system, innovating breeding model and exploring specific germplasms, aiming to provide reference for the research and development of crabapple ornamental germplasm resources in the future.

  Rapid Propagation of Aquilaria sinensis by Tissue Culture Technology 2019, 35 (26):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500090 Abstract + ( 469 )   PDF ( 981KB )   ( 68 ) In this study, tissue culture technology was used to establish a rapid propagation system of Aquilaria sinensis with the seeds. Firstly, seeds were sterilized and germinated on MS medium. Then, the sterile seedlings were cut into segments with one potential lateral bud to be induced to grow into cluster buds. Finally, the single growing-up plantlets were cut off for rooting. The best medium for differentiation was MS+ 1 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+ 0.2 mg/L IBA+ 30 g/L sucrose+ 5 g/L plant gel, and the best medium for rooting of tissue cultured plantlets was MS+ 30 g/L sucrose+ 5 g/L plant gel. The establishment of rapid propagation system for A. sinensis will be applied to the rapid massive propagation of the special germplasms of A. sinensis. In addition, due to the hard preservation of seeds of A. sinensis, the rapid propagation technology can also provide a large number of fresh and tender tissue materials with relatively identical genetic background for the study of agarwood formation mechanism.

  Ecological Restoration Technology of Lakes：Research Progress 2019, 35 (26):  84-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050144 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 1414KB )   ( 362 ) The degradation of lake ecosystem due to pollution is a long- term problem faced by China. Therefore, the ecological restoration technology of lakes is very important. To explore the main direction of lake ecological restoration technology in the future, the existing lake ecological restoration technologies at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed. The three most common and most problematic forms of degradation, such as lake eutrophication, lakeside degradation and reduced biodiversity, were summarized and discussed by analyzing the mechanisms and forms of lake ecosystem degradation. Different ecological restoration techniques were discussed for these three types of degradation, the principles and guidelines of ecological restoration were summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of different ecological restoration techniques were discussed. Finally, we put forward suggestions on the structure of the lake ecological restoration project and matters needing attention, which can provide a basis for the future ecological restoration of lakes.

  Soils in Guizhou: Taxonomic Classification and Their Reference with Geographico-genetic Classification 2019, 35 (26):  94-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030092 Abstract + ( 568 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 78 ) To promote the research and application of quantitative classification of soils in Guizhou, based on analysis data of 185 representative soil profiles obtained from soil investigation in Guizhou from 2015 to 2017, combined with previous soil survey data in Guizhou, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of soil formation characteristics, identification of soil diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and the category division of system classification advanced unit. The results showed that: desilication and allitization of soils in hilly and mountain areas of Guizhou were mainly moderate to weak, and the accumulation of soil organic matter and soil humic property were obvious; the ferric property and alic property were more frequent in the soils; and the soil claying, soil yellowing, and lithologic characters of carbonate rocks were more common; human activities had an obvious influence on the soil evolution. The main soil temperature regimes in Guizhou were thermic and mesic. There were 5 kinds of soil moisture regimes in Guizhou, incluing udic, perudic, stagnic, anthrostagnic, aquic. According to the keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (3rd edition), 8 soil orders, including Histosols, Anthrosols, Gleysols, Isohumosols, Ferrosols, Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols were identified. There were 16 soil suborders, 41 soil groups, and 86 soil subgroups in Guizhou. We analyzed soil forming environment of main soil orders of Guizhou, compared the soil classification units in Guizhou between Chinese soil taxonomy and geographico- genetic classification of China, and put forward a suggestion for adding 3 subgroups of anthrostagnic hapli-stagnic Gleyosols, anthrostagnic molli-orthic Gleyosols, and anthrostagnic hapli-orthic Gleyosols in Gleyosols order of the Chinese soil taxonomy.

  Park and Road Green Space in Yangpu District, Shanghai: Soil Physical Properties and Electrical Conductivity 2019, 35 (26):  107-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030106 Abstract + ( 468 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 90 ) The paper aims to provide data support for soil improvement and management. The author measured the soil physical properties of park and road green space in Yangpu district, Shanghai by cutting ring method, the electrical conductivity by portable soil moisture meter, and the soil hydraulic by portable osmotic apparatus. The results showed that: the soil conductivity of Yangpu district was slightly higher than the standard value of 0.05 mS/cm3, and the soil aeration was poor, the soil non-capillary porosity was 5.88% lower than the requirement of urban landscape planting; the soil bulk density of road green was 0.03 g/cm3 higher than the standard, the total soil porosity was 2.42% lower than the ideal standard of urban landscape planting, and the park green space complied with a standard; the soil water content and water holding capacity of road green space were significantly lower than those of park green space. Loosening the surface soil in time, increasing the humus content in the soil by accumulating bark and litter to reduce the soil compaction, and strengthening the daily maintenance and management to prevent the disturbance of the destruction of manmade factor, during the plant greening planting process, we can improve the soil quality from the aspect of enriching the plant community structure.

  Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Land Use Patterns: Change Characteristics and Its Correlation with Soil Heavy Metals 冯备战 and 李春亮 2019, 35 (26):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030032 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1482KB )   ( 81 ) The study is to explore the correlation between land use patterns and soil carbon pool, soil heavy metals and SOC under different land use patterns. Through stratified sampling (topsoil, middle-level soil and deep soil) and in-door computational analysis, the variation characteristics of SOC reserves under different land use types in 12 cities and counties of central and western Gansu were investigated. The index of soil organic abundance and correlation coefficient were introduced to clarify the correlation between soil heavy metals and SOC. The results showed that, the order of soil organic abundance value was forest＞land for construction＞ garden plot＞cultivated land＞ lawn; besides, the correlation of SOC and 5 typical heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, As and Pb) was significant, garden and the land for construction had the highest r of 0.99, the forest and the cultivated land took the second place, with r=0.87 and r=0.86 respectively. In conclusion, land use patters influence SOC reserves, and the quantitative analysis indicate that the soil heavy metal reserves are closely related to organic carbon contents.

  Livestock Manure Resources and Their Replace Potential Fertilizer in China 2019, 35 (26):  121-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030147 Abstract + ( 340 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 108 ) Based on the present situation of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the annual chemical fertilizer consumption in China, the authors analyzed China’s total nutrient in livestock and poultry manure and their potential for being applied as alternative fertilizer. The results showed that the total amount of animal manure and urine discharged in China in 2015 was 2.399 billion tons, and the total nutrient content was 25.72 million tons, the total amount of nitrogenous, phosphate and potash in livestock and poultry manure was 12.78 million tons, 3.66 million tons and 9.28 million tons, respectively, which could replace 42.73% of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming (60.22 million tons) in the same year. The potential of livestock manure for being applied as alternative fertilizer in different regions was quite different, the total amount of livestock manure nutrient in east China, northeast China and southwest China was 13.70 million tons, accounting for 67.15% of the total livestock and poultry manure nutrient, which could replace 22.74% of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming of the same year. The theoretical total nutrient loss ratio was 19.43% after composting and biogas fermentation of livestock manure, decreased to 20.55 million tons. This study provides data support and decision making reference for improving the utilization of livestock manures and the reduction of chemical fertilizers in China.

  Variation of the Beginning Date and Length of Four Seasons in Inner Mongolia During 1961-2016 2019, 35 (26):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050102 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 3034KB )   ( 80 ) To explore the changes of the four seasons in Inner Mongolia under the background of global warming, and provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of local agriculture-animal husbandry industry and the protection of ecological environment, the monitoring data of 101 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2016 were used as materials, and the variation of the beginning date and length of the four seasons were analyzed with the method of Seasonal Division of Climate (QX/T 152-2012). The results showed that the spatial distribution of the beginning dates of spring, summer and autumn in Inner Mongolia delayed gradually from southwest to northeast, but the beginning date of winter was just the opposite. The length of spring was longer in the middle and shorter in both ends in Inner Mongolia. The length of summer and autumn reduced from southwest to northeast, and there was no summer in central region of Hulun Buir, and the distribution in winter length was opposite to that in summer and autumn. According to the interannual change, the beginning dates of spring, summer and autumn were all in advance, and the seasonal length also showed an increasing trend. But the beginning date of winter was delayed, and the length of winter was shortened. Under the background of global warming, the beginning date and length of the four seasons in Inner Mongolia changed obviously, and had a certain effect on agriculture-animal husbandry production and ecological average.

  Monthly Physical Parameters and Radar Echo Analysis of Grading Hail in Liaoning 2019, 35 (26):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050069 Abstract + ( 345 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 101 ) To find the characteristics of the environmental parameters of hail with different levels, seek the physical parameters and early-warning index of hail, based on NCEP/FNL (1°×1°) and Doppler weather radar data from 2006 to 2015, the physical parameters and radar echo were analyzed. The results showed that the precipitation capacity of the whole atmosphere increased with the increase of hail grade, the temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa was higher than 24℃, but not significant between each level. The vertical wind shear of 0~6 km was obviously higher than that of normal day. The height of characteristic level of June and July was higher than that of May, August and September. Layer height of red grade was slightly lower than that of others. Radar echo center intense, liquid water content and the top of echo increased with the increase of hail grade, and when the red hail occurred, the liquid water content reached 60 kg/m2 and the top of echo reached 14 km, these two parameters had guiding significance in short time forecast.

  Biological Control of Major Rice Diseases: A Review 2019, 35 (26):  140-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040057 Abstract + ( 472 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 146 ) In order to strengthen the researches on biological control of rice diseases, we summarized the status of biological control of several major rice diseases, analyzed the future research directions of biological control, and the application of plant innate immunity and host induced disease resistance in biological control. We believe that the interaction between microbial preparations and microbial communities should be emphasized, and researches on plant- derived biocontrol preparations should be strengthened. Meanwhile, technical integration researches based on rice variety resistance, biological control, cultivation control and scientific use of pesticides should be carried out.

  Toxicity of Emamectin Benzoate to 3 Kinds of Pests (Lepidoptera) and Trichogramma dendrolimi 2019, 35 (26):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070110 Abstract + ( 434 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 50 ) To clarify the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to 3 kinds of pests (Lepidoptera) and Trichogramma dendrolimi in Hexi region of Gansu Province, and coordinate the contradiction between pesticide control and biological control, the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to the third instar nymphs of Lepidoptera, including cotton worm, Asia corn borer, army worm and adult Trichogramma, was measured by using diet feeding method and residual film method. The results showed that the corrected mortalities of those four insects were raised with the concentration of emamectin benzoate increasing, the mortalities were more than 95% when the concentration went up to 0.500 mg/L. The median lethal concentration indicated that the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to T. dendrolimi was the highest among the four insects, the LC50 value was 0.078 mg/L, next in turn was Asia corn borer, cotton worm and army worm, and the LC50 value was 0.109, 0.120 and 0.127 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of emamectin benzoate to T. dendrolimi was 1.40 to 1.63 times that of the other three. Thus, in order to reduce the harm of pesticide to natural enemy Trichogramma, the use of emamectin benzoate should avoid the emergence of Trichogramma in field, especially in IPM.

  A Spatial Analysis of Coupling Development of New Urbanization and Real Estate Industry in the Qingshuihe Industrial Zone in Ningxia 王重玲,, and 2019, 35 (26):  153-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050031 Abstract + ( 413 )   PDF ( 1747KB )   ( 62 ) The paper aims to study the coordination between new urbanization and real estate in the course of urbanization. Based on the coupling development of new urbanization and real estate industry, an evaluation index system for the coupling of new urbanization and real estate development in the Qingshuihe industrial zone in Ningxia was established. With the help of the coupling coordination model and coupling development model, a spatial analysis of the coupling of new urbanization and real estate development in 10 counties (districts) of the area was conducted. The results show that: (1) the overall coordination between the new urbanization and the real estate industry in the study area is in a running-in phase, the interaction between the systems is significant but has not reached the coordination level, the highest coordination degree is found in Tongxin and the lowest is in Hongsipu; (2) the overall development degree of new urbanization and real estate industry is at a medium level and the spatial pattern varies greatly, the highest coupling development degree is in Shapotou, and the lowest is in Hongsipu; (3) the combination of the coupling coordination degree and the development degree can be divided into four major types according the coupling relationship between the new urbanization and the development of the real estate industry in the study area: high development coordination area, high development running- in area, middle development antagonistic zone and low development antagonistic zone. It is suggested that the government should adopt a differentiated real estate macro-control policy to promote the coordination between the development of the real estate industry and the new urbanization.

  Management System for Rural Land Renovation Project: Based on Hall Three Dimensions Structure Model 2019, 35 (26):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070054 Abstract + ( 352 )   PDF ( 1336KB )   ( 69 ) The development of rural land renovation project is still at the primary stage, and poor in its project management. During the transformation process of rural development, it is urgent to realize the transition from single-objective oriented to multi-objective oriented management to improve its regional function for rural land renovation project. To improve its multi-function, it is necessary to coordinate and harmonize various conflict aspects by using the method of systematic perspective. By applying the Hall three dimensions structure model, a methodology of system engineering, the management system for rural land renovation project management was built up, which could offer certain references for organizing the project management for rural land renovation scientifically, and would be helpful to improve its function and contribution in rural revitalization.