Abstract: Based on the present situation of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the annual chemical fertilizer consumption in China, the authors analyzed China’s total nutrient in livestock and poultry manure and their potential for being applied as alternative fertilizer. The results showed that the total amount of animal manure and urine discharged in China in 2015 was 2.399 billion tons, and the total nutrient content was 25.72 million tons, the total amount of nitrogenous, phosphate and potash in livestock and poultry manure was 12.78 million tons, 3.66 million tons and 9.28 million tons, respectively, which could replace 42.73% of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming (60.22 million tons) in the same year. The potential of livestock manure for being applied as alternative fertilizer in different regions was quite different, the total amount of livestock manure nutrient in east China, northeast China and southwest China was 13.70 million tons, accounting for 67.15% of the total livestock and poultry manure nutrient, which could replace 22.74% of the annual chemical fertilizer consumed in crop farming of the same year. The theoretical total nutrient loss ratio was 19.43% after composting and biogas fermentation of livestock manure, decreased to 20.55 million tons. This study provides data support and decision making reference for improving the utilization of livestock manures and the reduction of chemical fertilizers in China.