Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.27 Published:24 September 2019

  Planting Modes Regulating Early Rice Growth: Research Progress 2019, 35 (27):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040050 Abstract + ( 371 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 98 ) Diversity of planting mode is one of the main features of rice production in China. It plays important roles in coping with variable planting environment, improving the comprehensive productivity of rice and ensuring national food security. In order to reveal the growth and high-yield formation characteristics of early rice under different planting modes, this paper elaborated the current situation of early rice production and development of planting mode in China, and summarized the effects of different planting modes on root growth, nutrient absorption, dry matter accumulation, tiller dynamics, growth duration, yield and quality formation, as well as economic and ecological efficiency in early rice. It is proposed that the researches on the intrinsic mechanism of development process in early rice, the composition and species diversity of weed communities in paddy fields, and the characteristics of soil mineral nutrient loss based on different planting modes are valuable subjects.

  Rice Germplasm‘Yu819B’with Barnyard Grass: Photosynthetic Characteristics Analysis 2019, 35 (27):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500089 Abstract + ( 450 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 109 ) Barnyard grass is an intergeneric plant that carries the favorable genes of rice needed. In order to study the effects of photosynthetic characteristics of rice that barngrass gene transduction, introduced barnyard grass DNA into ''Yu805B'' by pollen tube pathway, a new rice ''Yu 819B'' was selected. Comparing the SPAD value, photosynthetic index, yield structure and combined yield of ''Yu 819B'' and background parent ''Yu 805B''. The results showed that the yield of ''Yu819B'' was significantly better than that of ''Yu805B'' in chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, yield structure and its combination, while the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of photosynthetic index were lower than that of ''Yu805B''. It indicate that ‘Yu819B’ has typical high photosynthetic efficiency.

  Ecological Efficiency of Green and High Efficient Pattern of‘Rice+’ 2019, 35 (27):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040096 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 1064KB )   ( 209 ) The long-term single rice planting pattern was not only low output, but also induced to the decrease of rice resistance to adverse environment, the high dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, and the instability of production. Therefore, it is becoming more and more concerned about the ‘rice+’ ecological pattern that combined the experience of traditional agriculture with modern production technology and fully exerted the ecological system productivity of rice fields. This paper explained the concept and type of ‘rice+’ ecological pattern, and discussed the effects of ‘rice+’ planting pattern on improving the productivity of land, reducing the occurrence of disease and insect pests, increasing the utilization rate of resources, and improving the ecological environment. It is suggested that further works should be strengthened on the rice production, technology integration and application innovation to promote the development of the ‘rice+’ ecological pattern.

  A Piece of Rice Vacuum Infiltration Equipment and Its Use Method 2019, 35 (27):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050004 Abstract + ( 558 )   PDF ( 1893KB )   ( 150 ) In order to solve the problems of low efficiency, high mutation and long period in rice genetic transformation, this paper first reported a piece of new equipment for vacuum infiltration transformation and its use method in rice. Rice variety ''Yunzijing 41'' was used as receptor in transformation. The whole rice plants at flowering stage were put inside the vacuum infiltration equipment. The young panicles in vivo were dipped in agrobacterium infection buffer. Then the agrobacterium-mediated transformation was carried out and enhanced by short time vacuum infiltration. In this experiment, a total of 30 rice plants were transformed and 19,860 T0 seeds were harvested. It was found that different concentrations of herbicides had no significant effect on the germination of T0 seeds, but had significant inhibitory effects on the growth and development of T1 plantlets. Therefore, the resistant transformants were selected by spraying herbicide at the seedling stage. The optimal screening concentration was 20 Mg/L. 135 resistant rice plants were obtained by herbicide resistance screening. 114 positive rice plants were obtained by PCR confirmation. It indicated that the foreign DNA has been successfully introduced into the recipient rice genome. This study first used the vacuum infiltration method and successfully introduced the exogenous genes into rice. That means we had developed a rapid and effective new way as well as a piece of equipment for gene transformation in rice and other cereal crops.

  Winter Wheat Mixed Pixel Decomposition Based on NDVI Time-order Characters and Area Estimation 2019, 35 (27):  23-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030086 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 3375KB )   ( 100 ) Crop extraction based on MODIS data is easily affected by the mixed pixels. In order to reduce the omission and commission errors caused by mixed pixels, this paper proposed a linear mixed pixel decomposition model and establish a quantitative relation between winter wheat proportion and crest-trough differences of MODIS/NDVI time series images. This model was established based on MODIS and GF data of Baoding city of 2017, and verified based on MODIS and GF data of Baoding city of 2014. Results showed that the mean value of pixel purity index (PPI) accuracy was 0.485. The estimated value of winter wheat area of Baoding city in 2014 was 400.5 thousand hm2 based on mixed pixel decomposition model and the “actual value” of winter wheat area of Baoding city in 2014 was 373.9 thousand hm2 based on GF data, the absolute error was 26.6 thousand hm2 and the relative error rate was 7.11%. The applicability of this model was evaluated in 8 prefecture-level cities where winter wheat was widely cultivated in Hebei province. The result showed that the average error rate of different cities in Hebei province was 3.69%. The winter wheat estimation error based on the proposed model is relatively low, with relatively high data reliability. Besides, impact of terrain on the model is relatively low, and the model is widely applicable.

  Suitable Sowing Time for Summer Maize in Sichuan Basin 2019, 35 (27):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040084 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 181 ) In order to clarify the suitable sowing date of summer maize in the rape-summer maize cropping system of Sichuan Basin, three maize varieties(Zhongyu 3, Liyu 16 and Chengdan 30)were sowed at four dates with 15-day intervals from May 1st to June 14th in 2016, and the effects of different sowing dates on the actual lodging, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and grain quality were investigated. The results showed that maize varieties, sowing dates and their interactions had significant effects on root lodging percentage, total lodging percentage, harvest index, grain yield and ear number, and the effect of sowing dates was greater than that of maize varieties. The starch content of maize grain was significantly affected by varieties, but protein content was significantly affected by both of varieties and sowing dates, and the effect of maize varieties on content of starch and protein was bigger than that of sowing dates. Timely early sowing of summer maize had good effects on lodging-resistant capability, harvest index and grain yield. Consideration of high yield and good grain quality of summer maize, and the variety of ‘Chengdan 30’was appropriate for sowing from May 1st to May 15th, while the preferred variety should be ‘Zhongyu 3’ or ‘Liyu 16’ for delayed sowing maize after May 15th in hilly regions of Sichuan.

  The Effects of Cultivation Factors on Yield and Main Quality of Oats 2019, 35 (27):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040076 Abstract + ( 358 )   PDF ( 1975KB )   ( 77 ) The objective is to provide evidence for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of oats in semiarid farm and pastoral areas of northwest China. 23 treatment plots of random arrangement were designed according to the four factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotary (? implementation) to study the seeding time, seeding rate, effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and quality of naked oats‘Dingyou No.9’. The results showed that the seeding time and nitrogen rate had synergistic action on oats yield. The same condition appeared between seeding time and phosphorus rate. Increasing nitrogen and phosphor could raise oats crude protein and β- glucan, but excessive application of fertilizer could reduce the yield. The effect order of the four cultivation factors on yield and quality was nitrogen rate＞ phosphorus rate＞seeding time＞ seeding rate successively. The best synergistic cultivation mode of the four factors for‘Dingyou No.9’is: seeding time in late April, nitrogen rate of about 106-147 kg/hm2, planting density of 120 kg/hm2, and phosphorus rate of 300-330 kg/hm2.

  The Module Characteristics of Typical Annual Plant Agriophyllum squarrosum in Minqin Desert Area 2019, 35 (27):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050013 Abstract + ( 339 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 98 ) [Objective] In order to understand the individual morphology and component characteristics of annual plants in sandy area, [Method] by methods of sample plot investigation, laboratory bioassay and statistical analysis, the individual morphological characteristics and component characteristics of typical annual plant Agriophyllum squarrosum in Minqin sandy area were observed and studied, and the relationship between component biomass and plant height was analyzed. [Result] The results show that the variation coefficient of the individual morphological indices of Agriophyllum squarrosum were greater, especially the variation coefficient of root length and lateral root number were greater than 50%, which showed that Agriophyllum squarrosum had good adaptability and adjustment ability to growth environment. The dry weight of individual biomass of Agriophyllum squarrosum was between 24.55 g and 138.09 g. The order of the dry weight biomass distribution of each component was the ear(36.51±26.07g) > branch(31.00±20.26g) > leaf (24.09±12.97g)> root(6.63±3.75g), and the biomass of Agriophyllum squarrosum growth will be distributed as much as possible to the reproductive component. The body"s moisture content of Agriophyllum squarrosum individual was 70.89±1.61%, the moisture content of the component was between 64.91% and 74.97%, and there were differences in moisture content of different components. The biomass allocation of Agriophyllum squarrosum components increased with the increase of plant height in a power function, which was the expression of Agriophyllum squarrosum individual growth and development ability regulation strategy. [Conclusion] The differences in the adaptability of the Agriophyllum squarrosum to the growth environment resulted in the difference of individual morphological characteristics, and the biomass was allocated to the reproductive component to ensure the continuation of species as much as possible. The biomass allocation value of each component of Agriophyllum squarrosum can be measured by simulation model of plant height, which provides the basis for the study of annual plant in desert ecosystem.

  Effect of Deep Groove and Root Cutting on Shoots Control and Leaves Preserving of Pear 2019, 35 (27):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090139 Abstract + ( 361 )   PDF ( 1124KB )   ( 127 ) To improve the effective and comprehensive control technologies of pear leaf diseases and early defoliation in hot and humid producing areas, the differences of ‘Cuiguan’ pear’s leaves and shoots growth, leaf diseases and early defoliation between shallow groove with root protecting and deep groove with root cutting were compared. The result showed that deep groove with root cutting had significantly control effects for pear leaves and shoots growth, leaf diseases and early defoliation, compared with shallow groove with root protecting. After root cutting, single leaf weight and area, new shoot length and internode length decreased 0.15 g, 4.75 cm2, 18.9 cm and 0.42 cm; SPAD value of chlorophyll content increased 4.43; shoot growth period shortened 16 d; disease indexes of pear spot disease, brown patch, black spot, anthracnose decreased 0.204, 0.026, 0.027 and 0.050; the rates of defoliation in middle of August, September and October reduced 12.9%, 36.7% and 14.5% respectively. In the 2nd and 3rd year after treatment, compared to the control, the growth inhibition of shoots decreased obviously; the control of leaf diseases and early defoliation had continuous efficiency; the differences of 4 disease indexes and the rates of defoliation in middle of August, September and October maintained significant and extremely significant different. Deep groove with root cutting could use as matching measures for controlling of pear leaf diseases and early defoliation, which need to implement every 3 years with applying base fertilizer in autumn or winter.

  Different Harvest Time: Effects on Postharvest Physiological Property and Storability of Xinyu Sweet Orange 2019, 35 (27):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050019 Abstract + ( 308 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 137 ) This study investigated the postharvest fruit quality and storability of ‘Xinyu’ sweet oranges harvested at three maturities so as to determine the optimal maturity and to promote technological support for its mass appeal. ‘Xinyu’ sweet oranges ‘Pengjia No. 39’ were harvested at 175, 185 and 195 days after full bloom on 14th October, 24th October and 3rd November, respectively. The fruit sample were stored in cold temperature (6 ± 0.5℃, relative humidity 85%-95%), and total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, MDA content, relative electrical conductivity, and autioxidant enzyme activities were determined. Decay rate and weight loss were recorded at different storage periods. The results showed that the fruit decay rate, weight loss, relative electrical conductivity and MDA content continuously increased, the content of TSS, TA and vitamin C gradually declined during cold storage. Decay rate in fruit harvested at harvest timeⅡ was significantly lower than those harvested at harvest time Ⅲ, and weight loss was significantly lower than those harvested at harvest timeⅠ and Ⅲ. Decay rate, weight loss, and MDA, REC were significantly and positively correlated. It is recommended that this famous citrus variety can be harvested in early November if they are to be marketed immediately after harvest or stored in cold for no more than 30 d. However, for long-term cold storage (up to 90 d), it is better to harvest the fruit in mid-late October.

  Effects of Auxin and Gibberellin on Growth and Development of Sicyos angulatus Seedling 2019, 35 (27):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040097 Abstract + ( 471 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 140 ) [Objective]Sicyos angulatus L. is an invasive plant that causes serious damage to the local ecology. The seedling stage is a relatively weak stage in the life cycle of Sicyo angulatus L. It is important to study the growth mechanism of its seedlings and it is of great help in curbing the propagation and expansion of Sicyo angulatus L. [method]In this study, Sicyo angulatus L. seedlings were used as study objects, and four different concentrations (3, 30, 300, and 300 μmol/L) of auxin (IAA) ,auxin inhibitor triiodobenzoic acid (4TLBA), gibberellin (GA3), gibberellin inhibitor CCC, IAA+GA, and TIBA+CCC were used to treat the seedlings of the first true leaves of Sicyos angulatus L. According to measure the plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of Sicyos angulatus L. seedlings at six different time points (1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 9 days) to investigate the influence of IAA and GA3 on Sicyos angulatus L.seedlings. [result]The results showed that the plant height and root length of plants treated by 300 μmol/L IAA were higher than those of other experimental groups and the control group, while the plant height and root length of plants treated by 3000 μmol/L TIBA were significantly inhibited. The highest growth rate of plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight was observed in the 3000 μmol/L GA3 treatment group, which was the optimal concentration range of Sicyos angulatus L. The growth rate of plants was the slowest at the treatment of 3 μmol/L GA3; 300 μmol/L CCCC was the best for dwarfing effect on Sicyos angulatus L. but the dry weight and fresh weight were increased. The dwarfing effect of CCC near 3000 μmol/L was better ang it had almost no effect on the dry weight and fresh weight. So it was the most suitable concentration range for controlling the growth of Sicyos angulatus L. The treatment of 3000 μmol / L TIBA+CCC had a significant effect on Sicyos angulatus L. seedlings, and the wilting of seedlings were appeared after being sprayed for 6 h. The Sicyos angulatus L. had strong resistance, so the wilting was disappeared after 12 h. Although the growth of seedings were suppressed, but they were still slowly growing. After 9 d, the seedlings of Sicyos angulatus L. treated with 3000 μmol / L TIBA+CCC only grew by 5.53 cm. and the control group 18.70 cm. The seedling length of Sicyos angulatus L treated with 3000 μmol/L IAA+GA was 34.47 cm. The inhibitory effect of 3000 μmol / L TIBA+CCC on Sicyos angulatus L. was extremely significant. [Conclusion] By studying the growth mechanism of locust fruit, the use of exogenous hormones had a good inhibitory effect on the growth of fruit squash, which provided a new method for resisting invasive plants.

  Cluster Analysis of Pepper Based on Main Agronomic Traits and trnH-psbA Sequences 谭放军,,, and 2019, 35 (27):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040044 Abstract + ( 434 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 88 ) Using main agronomic traits such as plant height, plant width, leaf chlorophyll, fruit thickness and chloroplast trnH-psbA sequence, 98 pepper germplasms were clustered to explore the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of

  Stropharia rugosoannulata Cultivated with Corn Straw: Study on Cultivation Medium 2019, 35 (27):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040030 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 269 ) Preparation of cultivation medium with corn straw for planting of Stropharia rugosoannulata is investigated. Single factor experimental design was employed to study the effects of corn straw freshness, degree of crushing, treatment method of cultivation material and moisture content of cultivation medium on the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata. Then uniform experimental design was employed to optimize the ratio of main ingredient (corn straw) to supplementary ingredient (rice husk, wood chip and bran). The results showed that there was no significant difference between fresh corn straw and dry corn straw on the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata. The bioconversion ratio of cut-off corn straw was higher than that of crushed corn straw, the vegetative growth time of cut-off corn straw was no significant difference in that of crushed corn straw. There was no significant difference between stacking fermentation and no fermentation on the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata. The moisture content of cultivation material has no significant influence on the growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata when it was between 65% and 70%. The bioconversion equation of Y=(0.2283+1.6970A+2.0280C-1.1132A2-10.7559C2)×100% was obtained by regression analysis. Rice husk ratio(A) and wood chips ratio (C) had significant influence on the equation, but the bran ratio (B) had no significant influence on the equationn. When the fresh or dry corn straw was cut-off, the ratio of corn straw to rice husk, wood chips, bran was 1:0.762:0.094:0.05, the moisture content was 65%-70%, fermentation time was 3 days, the bioconversion ratio was 97.5% and the fruiting time was average 48 days. This cultivation medium with corn straw is simple and suitable for growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

  A Preliminary Study on Summer Fallow Farming System in Leizhou Peninsula 2019, 35 (27):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040001 Abstract + ( 512 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 89 ) In order to explore the suitable fallow system for the promotion of the Leizhou Peninsula and provide theoretical references which could promote the local farming system’s reformation, this paper analyzed the natural environmental conditions, the agricultural production status and problems in Leizhou Peninsula: serious natural disasters; continuous cropping, serious pests and diseases; the time that partial crop products entered the market overlapped with those which from other places, resulting in lower economic returns for farmers. Therefore, it was sure that: The Leizhou Peninsula had advantaged tropical climate resources which was beneficial to develop agriculture. However, the agricultural production in this region was faced with many constraints, plus its problems on farming system. Leizhou Peninsula agriculture should take winter and spring as the main production seasons, making it a local agricultural leading season gradually. But in the summer, the combination of fallow cultivation and fertilization measures was applied to cultivated land to avoid the harm of bad weather to crop production, and also to make farmland recuperate, recover quickly and increase farmland productivity. The implementation of the production mode “plant in autumn or winter, harvest in spring” would help improve the economic returns in Leizhou Peninsula.

  Evaluation of Farm Land Bearing Capacity in Main Agricultural Production Areas in Hunan 赵丹丹, and 魏晓 2019, 35 (27):  90-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030151 Abstract + ( 347 )   PDF ( 7060KB )   ( 83 ) According to the notice issued by the 12 ministries and commissions issued by the NDRC and other issues on the issuance of the resource and environmental carrying capacity monitoring and early warning technology (Trial) >, the special evaluation of the special problems existing in the main production areas of agricultural products should be carried out in the early warning and evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity. Based on the main problems of agricultural resources in main agricultural production areas of Hunan in recent years, the 6 spatial indexes of soil fertility, such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium and pH value, were used to measure the carrying capacity of farmland and the spatial distribution pattern of farmland carrying capacity. The results showed that:① the pH value of cultivated land in the main agricultural producing areas of hunan province remained generally positive in 2006 and 2010. The organic matter and total nitrogen are abundant and relatively stable, while the effective phosphorus, available potassium and slow potassium are in good condition, but they are still lacking. ②Bearing capacity of cultivated land in Hunan province level of deterioration and are on the ring of agriculture more developed Dongting Lake Pinghu agricultural regions, relatively stable situation of counties in a circle area two belts "all have distribution, the wing is a good trend of central south north plain agricultural belt and wuling, mainly in hunan xuefeng nanling luoxiao mountains mountain agricultural belt. Bearing capacity of cultivated land quality evaluation as an important part of agricultural resources bearing capacity, to ensure the safety of agricultural products production capacity, ensure the supply of agricultural products, promote agricultural economic efficiency, promote the development of green agriculture and ecological civilization construction, it has important strategic significance to national food security.

  AM Fungi Affect Actinomycetes Diversity in Continuous Cropping Soil: Research Progress 2019, 35 (27):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040007 Abstract + ( 342 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 80 ) This paper respectively from arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM) fungi relieve crop increase crops resistance caused by continuous cropping, increase crops resistance, improve soil physical and chemical properties and maintain stable structure of soil microflora were reviewed, analyzed the crop of continuous cropping obstacles and AM fungi to alleviate the mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle and its influence on soil actinomyces flora diversity in detail. In recently, there are relatively few studies on the diversity of actinomycetes in soil by AM fungi, and the lack of pure culture of AM fungi also limits its application in agricultural production and life.

  Biological Fertilizer: Effects on Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Structure in Rice Soil 2019, 35 (27):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040010 Abstract + ( 549 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 143 ) To explore the responses of soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure in rice soil to biological fertilizer (QD) application, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, phenylbiphenyl phosphate colorimetric method, sodium phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method and potassium permanganate titration were used to determine the activities of sucrase, phosphatase, urease and catalase in the soil. The soil genome was sequenced based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The results showed that compared with CK, QD application significantly enhanced the activities of urease and phosphatase in soil (P<0.05), but the activities of catalase and invertase did not change significantly (P>0.05). After soil genome sequencing, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant phylum in bacteria and fungi, respectively. The α-diversity of fungi significantly decreased after QD application, yet the α- diversity of bacteria did not change significantly. To a certain extent, the results provide a theoretical basis for the use of biological fertilizers and field soil management.

  Micro-topography in Daxigou: Effects on Climatic and Soil Temperature and Moisture in the Habitat of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. Seedling 2019, 35 (27):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040106 Abstract + ( 412 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 115 ) Abstract: In order to explore the effects of micro-topography on climatic factors and soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. seedlings in Daxigou, Xinjiang. In the closed wild fruit forest, the terrain factors and temperature, light, air humidity, soil temperature and moisture were observed in plots during the growing season of the A. vulgaris seedling. Analyzed the relationship between the environmental factors and terrain factors. The results showed that: (1) The slope aspect was a significantly positive correlation with temperature, light intensity and soil temperature (P<0.01), southeast slope > south slope > northeast slope, while the slope aspect was a significantly negative correlation with air humidity and soil water content (P<0.01); (2) The slope position was a significantly positive correlation with temperature and light intensity (P<0.01), the slope position was significantly negative correlation with soil water content (P<0.05). The environmental factors of different slope positions had no significant difference (P<0.05); (3) Slope was a significantly positive correlation with air temperature, light intensity and soil temperature (P<0.01), moderate slope > steep slope > middle slope > gentle slope, and there were significant difference between the gentle slope and the other slopes (P<0.05). Slope had significantly negative difference with air moisture and soil water content (P<0.05); (4) Slope shape had a significantly negative correlation with soil water content (P<0.01), which had no significant effect on climatic factors and soil temperature. The variation of terrain had significant effect on the climate, soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of A. vulgaris seedling. The suitable habitat condition of A. vulgaris seedling are southeast slope, up slope, moderate slope and convex slope with their climate, soil temperature and moisture.

  Construction of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Communication System Under the Background of Climate Change 2019, 35 (27):  121-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020015 Abstract + ( 381 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 70 ) Under the background of climate change, China"s modern agricultural development is facing the shortage of science and technology communication system, which is manifested in the prominent "disseminator-based" idea, the inability of the advanced concept and technology of agricultural adaptation to climate change to spread to the rural vulnerable groups, the narrow channels of communication, and the inability of the advanced concept and technology of agricultural adaptation to climate change to be accurately and timely disseminated. Farmers"scientific literacy is not high, the advanced concepts and technologies of agricultural adaptation to climate change can not be followed and recognized and diffused by farmers; the content of dissemination is limited, and the advanced concepts and technologies of agricultural adaptation to climate change can not be actively and continuously updated; the combination of "science and education promotion" is difficult, leading to the effectiveness of the dissemination of advanced concepts and technologies of agricultural adaptation to climate change. The fruit is not good. Therefore, we should construct "five W hierarchical and hierarchical ring-shaped interactive science communication system model", that is, "modern agricultural science and technology disseminator system" under the background of climate change; modern agricultural science and technology information system under the background of climate change; modern agricultural science and technology media system under the background of climate change; and "modern agricultural science and technology receivers" under the background of climate change. The disseminator system; the construction of "modern agricultural science and technology effect system" under the background of climate change. This system model is not only adapted to climate change, but also to the development trend of modern agriculture.

  Variation of Cold Air Frequency in Spring and Its Diagnostic Analysis in the Northeast of Tibet Plateau 2019, 35 (27):  128-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110089 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 1821KB )   ( 81 ) Using the observation data of ground temperature of 68 stations in the northeast of Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2015,statisticing the strength index I(including frequency)sequence of cold air process in spring months,the variation characteristics of regional cooling air frequency and its origins are analyzed by using climate diagnostic method. The results are as follows. On the trend of change,every 10 years,the trend rate of climate change about cold air process frequency in spring from 1961 to 2015 is -0.290,the decrease is not significant. The decreasing trend of Qaidam Basin and southern area as common with the northeast of the Plateau,the increasing trend of eastern area is indistinctive. In terms of periodic variation,the quasi-periodic of 3,5,7,8years are occuredShigh frequency relatively,25 years and other quasi-periodic are occured low frequency relatively. The height value continue on the high(low) side in spring at the 500hPa Baikal is one of the factors to lead cold air process frequency in the northeast of the Plateau continue to be less(more) from 1991 to 2015(from 1961 to 1980). In spring,the high-pressure ridge of Ural Mountain、Balkhash Lake、the low-pressure trough of Baikal、the high-pressure ridge from Caspian Lake to Aral Sea continue to be strong,it is easy to lead the cold air from the north to the south to influence China from the west、northwest and north roads. The northeast part of the Tibetan Plateau is located in the passageway of cold air southward,cold air process frequency more than the normal,on the contrary,cold air process frequency is less.

  Advances in the Relative Genes of Plant Embryo Abortion 李登科 and 2019, 35 (27):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040069 Abstract + ( 353 )   PDF ( 1143KB )   ( 161 ) Abstract: Embryo abortion is common in many plants and has always been a hot spot in research, but the mechanism of seed embryo abortion is not yet clear. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of plant embryo abortion, based on the process of plant embryo abortion, this paper introduces the research progress focusing on the embryo abortion related gene and their expressions. At present, the interaction and coordination mechanism of the regulatory genes in plant embryo development are not yet clear. Therefore, in-depth studies on the process from gene regulation to signal conduction by using multiomics need to be strengthened, and here we addressed the prospect of researches on the molecular mechanism of plant embryo abortion.

  Application of Plant Extracts to Aquatic Feed: A Review 2019, 35 (27):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040098 Abstract + ( 416 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 162 ) Plant extracts are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics due to their distinct properties, such as safety, environment-friendly and efficiency. Plant extracts contain a variety of active components, which have various physiological activities, and their effects on aquatic animals are inconsistent. In this paper, we summarized the latest research progress of plant extracts in aquatic feed from five aspects, which were appetite stimulating, growth promoting, immune enhancement, anti-oxidative stress and pathogenic resistance. The study can provide a basis for the development of environmental-friendly feed additives.

  Sulfamethoxazole in Aquaculture Water by Orthogonal Experimental Design: Degradation Dynamics 2019, 35 (27):  146-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030057 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 195 ) In order to explore the natural degradation rule of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in aquaculture water, this experiment selected common factors in aquaculture water environmental (temperature, pH and open or cover system conditions), and explored influence of these three factors on the dynamic digestion of SMZ in natural aquaculture water through orthogonal experiment. The SMZ concentration of each treatment remained consistent in the initial stage of the experiment. Water samples were taken regularly to detect the change of SMZ concentration in water body, which is consistent with the first-order kinetic equation,and the half-life and elimination rate of SMZ in each treatment were calculated. The results showed that the variation range of SMZ half-life and its elimination rate in 18 treatment groups was 4.88-12.89-d, 28%-77%. Anova analysis showed that within the range of the experimental level, temperature and pH factors had a significant influence on SMZ elimination, but the influence of the open or cover condition was small. Therefore, properly adjusting the conditions of temperature and pH of aquaculture water was conducive to promoting SMZ degradation.

  The Advance of Exosomes Regulating Oocyte Development in Ovarian Follicle 2019, 35 (27):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040029 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 141 ) In order to explore the regulation and mechanism of Exosomes(EXs)-mediated regulation of oocyte growth and subsequent fertilization in the follicles, recent literatures on EXs have been summarized. Firstly, the composition and function of EXs were reviewed. Secondly, on this basis, we focused on how EXs regulates the interaction mechanism of oocytes and follicle somatic cells in follicles. Finally, we further analyzed EXs mediated sperm fertilization regulation mechanism. Thus, the conclusion is proposed, which EXs regulate the oocyte growth and development through the protein and RNA contained in the follicles in the follicles. It is suggested that the research on the regulation of oocyte growth and development should pay attention to the study of EXs. In the end, the effects of EXs on the development of oocytes were systematically discussed for the first time, and it is expected that they have a certain significance for the research counterparts.

  Spatial Distribution Pattern of Myzus persicae in Chendu Pepper Regions and Sampling Techniques 2019, 35 (27):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040018 Abstract + ( 400 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 79 ) Peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: aphidiae), happened in all of the vegetable regions in china, especially in pepper, is a destructive pest of a wide range of crops. Peach aphids became control key point are due to be strong reproductive capacity and effect to quality and yield of pepper. So, in order to better understand the occurrence regularity of Myzus persicae in Chendu pepper regins of Sichuan province, two regression models [Iwao"s regression and Taylor"s power principle] and eight indices of aggregation [ K, C, CA, I, M*, m*/m, L*, L*/(1+m)] were used to test the spatial distribution patterns of Myzus persicae population. The results indicate that the distribution patterns of Myzus persicae population, which accords with minus binomial distribution, belong to an aggregated distribution. The aggregation intensity increases with the increase of population density, and attracts each other. The aggregated mean indice (λ) suggested that aggregation was caused by biological characteristics of Myzus persicae and environmental factors, but environmental factors became key point after late August. In addition, the aggregation indexs [K, CA, m*/m, L*/(1+m)] can explain the spatial distribution patterns of Myzus persicae population better through correlation analysis between population density and aggregation index. The equation of theoretical sampling number and sequential sampling model were inferred from the spatial pattern parameters.