Abstract: Studying the structure of household energy consumption can help to find out the reasons for the energy consumption, and to improve local energy utilization ways. Took Dehong and Nujiang autonomous prefecture of Yunnan as the cases, based on 221 valid questionnaires, the authors used the Tobit model to analyze the household energy consumption structure and its influencing factors in the study areas. The results show that: (1) the availability of resources have significant impact on the non-commodity energy consumption, the commodity energy consumption highlights its economy and convenience, topography is important explanatory variables; (2) the improvement of income level reduces the proportion of commercial energy consumption, increasing the number of rural household appliances could significantly increase the peasant household electric energy use, the primary industry such as animal husbandry could significantly increase farmers’straw biomass energy consumption, etc.; (3) the increase in religious expenditure could increase the consumption of non-commercial energy, improving Chinese proficiency of minority farmers could optimize the consumption structure of local living energy. The research results could provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving energy development policies in southwest China’s minority areas.