Abstract: in the early April 2018, the complex spring cold weather occurred in Jincheng city. The temperature was severe, the duration was long, the precipitation was accompanied by the severe wind. The grain crops and the flowering fruit trees were frozen and the loss was serious. In this paper, the spring cold weather in the early April 2018 was analyzed, from the early climate characteristics and weather. The situation is studied. It is found that the fluctuation of shallow trough combined with the ground trough, the rapid invasion of the cold air of the East Road and the continuous supplement are the weather situation of the spring cold and frost damage, and the Asian circulation meridian anomaly has obvious warning significance to the late spring cold weather forecast. Through the analysis of the decision-making meteorological service of this process, it is concluded that the process of decision-making service is timely and accurate. The early warning information of the disaster weather is published early; the coverage of meteorological products is large and the audience is wide; the departments are linked and deployed well. However, because of the strong cooling effect, long duration, little effect and heavy losses. Therefore, how to take more effective defense measures to avoid or reduce the loss of such disasters is the direction of further improvement and thinking in the field of Meteorology and agriculture.