Abstract: To understand the nutrient absorption characteristics of peanut in lime concretion black soil area and to reasonably conduct fertilization according to peanut fertilizer requirements could improve peanut yield and fertilizer utilization rate. The authors studied the characteristics of nutrients’uptake and distribution of summer peanut in lime concretion black soil area through analyzing the nutrient accumulation of different organs in different peanut growth stages in field experiment. The results showed that: (1) the nitrogen contents in vegetative organs of roots, stems and leaves showed a downward trend, and decreased to the lowest value in the mature period; phosphorus content showed a stable trend in general; the potassium content in stems and leaves showed a change of“S”type, the content of potassium in roots decreased first and then increased; nitrogen content in leaves was higher than that in roots and stems; the potassium content in stems was higher than that in leaves and roots; the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in pods were always higher than that in roots, stems and leaves; (2) the cumulative uptake of N, P and K in peanut plants increased gradually with the increase of growth period and biomass; the maximum amount of uptake was reached at the harvest stage, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium was 1.00:(0.20~0.32):(0.47~0.95); (3) there were different distribution proportions of N, P and K in different organs, and there were more content of N, P and K in stems and leaves at the seedling stage, roots distribution amount was relatively less; the accumulation of N, P and K were mainly in the pods from the beginning in the podding stage; the nutrient accumulation in roots, stems and leaves decreased gradually, and transferred to pods; the accumulation of N, P and K in pods reached the maximum value at the maturing stage; nitrogen accumulation accounted for 93.50% of the whole plant, phosphorus was 89.16%, and potassium was 69.30%; the distribution proportion of N, P and K in roots, stems, leaves and pods were 0.47%:4.05%:1.98%:93.50%, 0.66%:8.32%:1.87%:89.16% and 1.32%:24.04%: 5.26%:69.39. In conclusion, there is a peak of peanut nutrient absorption from the podding to the pod filling stage. To increase production, fertilizer requirement characteristics of peanut in different growth stages should be taken into consideration to meet the nutrient demand of plants in the later growth periods.