This paper presents an area-level analysis of choice and adjustment towards small farmers’ cultivation behaviors in the agricultural structure regulations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The analysis is based on a survey of 45 farmer households of orange and 45 farmer household of foodstuff by means of participatory rural appraisal. This paper attempted to study the issues of choice and adjustment of small farmers’ cultivation behaviors in the agricultural structure regulations, which based on compared analyzing the effects of the cropping scope and farmer’s cultural quality on the orange and foodstuff production. The results showed that there was a pronounced correlation between orange single output and cropping scope ( **)，and the orange single output rapidly increased with the cropping scope ( ). There was, however, no correlation between foodstuff single output and its cropping scope. At the same time, although there was no effect of the farmer’s cultural quality on the foodstuff single output and its benefits, the effect of farmer’s cultural quality on the orange single output and its profits was found, and the more the farmer’s cultural quality increased, the more effect was pronounced. As above-mentioned, the orange production was one industry that required more technology and economic benefits. With the development of orange industry in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the improvement of farmer’s culture quality, it was an inevitable trend that the orange cropping scope will expand, which was derived by the compared benefits difference between orange and foodstuff. Because the farmer household was the main unit in the agriculture production, the choice and adjustment of farmer’s cropping behavior was the micro-basis, which induced the alteration of agriculture structure. The adjustment of farmer household cropping behavior must be at the present of respecting their will and regarded the farmer’s income as the primary purpose.
