Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800508

Abstract

Abstract:

The study was conducted to investigate the variation of fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio of Schizothorax wangchiachii juveniles after starvation and refeeding, to provide a scientific basis for artificial culture. S. wangchiachii juveniles were used as materials. Crude protein, crude fat, moisture and crude ash of the fish body were measured by Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet extraction method, Thermostatic and weightless drying method and muffle furnace burning method, respectively. The mineral elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the digestive enzyme activity and the DNA/RNA ratio were measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the crude fat content of juveniles declined to the minimum of 5.01% after 5-day starvation. The crude protein content reduced to the minimum of 13.61% after 2-day starvation. The moisture and ash content, Ca and P content all increased after starvation. The contents of K, Na, Mg and Fe increased to the peak after 9-day starvation, and then decreased with starvation continued. The trypsin and lipase activity of liver-pancreas increased firstly, followed by a short decline, and then the activity finally increased. The amylase activities declined throughout the starvation time. The muscle’s DNA content increased, while RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio decreased. After refeeding, The Fe contents in group S15 and S25 were lower than those of the control group. The amylase activities of liver-pancreas recovered to normal level in all the groups. However, the liver-pancreas lipase activities of group S15 and S25 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The RNA content and RNA/DNA in muscle were extremely and significantly decreased in group S15 and S25 (P<0.01). The biochemical indexes of S. wangchiachii juveniles were not affected by 9-day starvation (P>0.05), and no significant difference with control was found after refeeding (P>0.05). The starvation time should not exceed 9 days.

Key words: Schizothorax wangchiachii, starvation, refeeding, fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity, RNA/DNA

CLC Number:

S965.199

Liang Meng, Wei Kaijin, Zhu Xiangyun, Ma Baoshan, Xu Bin, Xu Jin. Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(23): 151-160.

Figures/Tables 5

References 43

[1]	褚新洛, 陈银瑞. 云南鱼类志(上册)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1989.
[2]	梁祥. 野生短须裂腹鱼幼鱼行为学研究[J].现代农业科技, 2011(5):321-326.
[3]	甘维熊, 王红梅, 邓龙君, 等. 雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育[J]. 动物学杂志, 2016,51(2):253-260.
[4]	刘阳, 朱挺兵, 吴兴兵, 等. 短须裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育观察[J]. 水产科学, 2015,34(11):683-689.
[5]	刘跃天, 冷云, 徐伟毅, 等. 短须裂腹鱼人工繁殖初探[J].水利渔业, 2007(5):31-32.
[6]	Gu H R, Wan Y F, Yang Y, et al. Genetic and morphology analysis among the pentaploid F1 hybrid fishes (Schizothorax wangchiachii ♀ × Percocypris pingi ♂) and their parents.[J]. Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience, 2019. doi: 10.1093/biosci/bix059 URL pmid: 29599542
[7]	李光华, 金方彭, 周睿, 等. 基于SNP标记的短须裂腹鱼自然群体遗传多样性分析[J]. 水生生物学报, 2018,42(2):271-276.
[8]	杨洋, 陈瑶, 万玉芳, 等. 短须裂腹鱼与鲈鲤杂交F1代胚胎及仔稚鱼发育观察[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018,14(6):66-73.
[9]	王世震, 耿毅, 邓龙君, 等. 短须裂腹鱼鱼苗感染不动杆菌的诊断与防治[J].科学养鱼, 2017(12):67-68.
[10]	耿毅, 余泽辉, 邓龙君, 等. 短须裂腹鱼感染迟缓爱德华氏菌的诊断与治疗[J].科学养鱼, 2017(9):65.
[11]	朱挺兵, 颜文斌, 杨德国. 基于PAE编码系统的短须裂腹鱼行为谱[J]. 中国水产科学, 2018,25(2):294-300.
[12]	Hou Y Q, Yang Z, An R D, et al. Water flow and substrate preferences of Schizothorax wangchiachii (Fang, 1936)[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2019,138.
[13]	黄俊. 短须裂腹鱼仔稚鱼个体发育和摄食生态学研究[D]. 荆州:长江大学, 2018.
[14]	Ali M, Nicieza A, Wootton R J. Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression[J]. Fish and Fisheries, 2003,4(2).
[15]	谢小军, 邓利, 张波. 饥饿对鱼类生理生态学影响的研究进展[J].水生生物学报, 1998(2):181-188.
[16]	楼宝, 史会来, 毛国民, 等. 饥饿及恢复投饵过程中花鲈肌肉组成及非特异免疫水平的变化[J].水产学报, 2008(6):929-938. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.00001 URL
[17]	孙红梅, 黄权, 丛波, 等. 饥饿对黄颡鱼免疫机能的影响[J].水利渔业, 2006(3):80-81.
[18]	Yin M C, Blaxter J H S. Feeding ability and survival during starvation of marine fish larvae reared in the laboratory. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1987,105(1):73-83. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(87)80030-8 URL
[19]	王吉桥, 毛连菊, 姜静颖, 等. 鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗和鱼种饥饿致死时间的研究[J].大连水产学院学报, 1993(Z1):58-65.
[20]	区又君, 刘泽伟. 饥饿和再投喂对千年笛鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的影响[J]. 海洋学报, 2007,29(1):86-91.
[21]	司亚东, 金有坤, 周洪琪, 等. 鲤鱼白肌中RNA/DNA值与其生长的关系[J].上海海洋大学学报, 1992(Z2):159-167.
[22]	冯岩松. SPSS 22.0统计分析应用教程[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2015.
[23]	王吉桥, 毛连菊, 姜静颖, 等. 鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗和鱼种饥饿致死时间的研究[J]. 大连水产学院学报, 1993,8(2):58-65.
[24]	Miglavs I, Jobling M. Effects of feeding regime on food consumption, growth rates and tissue Nueleic acids in juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), with particular respect to compensatory growth[J]. Journal of Fish Biology. 1989,34:947-957. doi: 10.1111/jfb.1989.34.issue-6 URL
[25]	龙章强, 彭士明, 陈立侨, 等. 饥饿与再投喂对黑鲷幼鱼体质量变化、生化组成及肝脏消化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水产科学, 2008,15(4):606-614.
[26]	Sung H C, Sang M L, Sang M L, et al. Effect of partial replacement of fish meal with squid liver meal(TM) in the diet on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during winter season[J], Fish Science and Technology, 2005,2:65-69.
[27]	宋兵, 陈立侨, 高露姣, 等. 饥饿对杂交鲟仔鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2004,28(3):333-336.
[28]	邓利, 张波, 谢小军. 南方鲇继饥饿后的恢复生长[J]. 水生生物学报, 1999,23(2):167-173.
[29]	Miglavs I, Jobling M. Effects of feeding regime on food consumption, growth rates and tissue Nueleic acids in juvenile Arctic charr(Salvelinus alpinus), with particular respect to compensatory growth[J]. Journal of Fish Biology. 1989,34:947-957. doi: 10.1111/jfb.1989.34.issue-6 URL
[30]	李爱杰, 王道尊, 麦康森, 等. 水产动物营养与饲料学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1996: 56-58.
[31]	Rivera-Pérez C, Navarrete D T, Fernando L, et al. Digestive lipase activity through development and after fasting and re-feeding in the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture, 2009,300(1):163-168. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.12.030 URL
[32]	王枫. 植酸酶对金鳟营养物质表观消化率与消化酶活性的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2008.
[33]	吕小康. 禁食对大黄鱼幼鱼营养成分、消化酶活性及基因表达的影响[D]. 舟山:浙江海洋大学, 2018.
[34]	周兴华, 向枭, 向桢, 等. 饥饿与再投喂对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 2012,42(3):50-54,73.
[35]	丁立云, 陈文静, 饶毅, 等. 饥饿胁迫对彭泽鲫幼鱼生长、体组成、消化酶活性及抗氧化性的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2019,48(1):141-145.
[36]	王燕妮, 张志蓉, 郑曙明. 鲤鱼的补偿生长及饥饿对淀粉酶的影响[J]. 水利渔业, 2001,21(5):6-7.
[37]	钱云霞. 饥饿对养殖鲈蛋白酶活力的影响[J]. 中国水产科学, 2002,21(3):6-7.
[38]	董义超, 吴立新, 李霞, 等. 饥饿和再投喂对日本对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响[J].科学养鱼, 2017(1):24-26.
[39]	Buckley L J. RNA-DNA ratio: an index of larval fish growth in the sea[J]. Marine Biology, 1984,80:291-298. doi: 10.1007/BF00392824 URL
[40]	Bullow F J. Seasonal variations in RNA/DNA ratios and in indicators of feeding, reproduction, energy storage, and condition in population of Bluegill, Lepomis macroch irus Rafinesque[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1981,18(3):237-244. doi: 10.1111/jfb.1981.18.issue-3 URL
[41]	Dortch Q, Roberts T L, Clayton J R, et al. RNA/DNA ratios and DNA concentrations as indicators of growth rate and biomass in plank tonic marine organisms[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1983,13:61-71. doi: 10.3354/meps013061 URL
[42]	高露姣, 陈立侨, 宋兵. 饥饿和补偿生长对史氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2004,28(3):279-284.
[43]	李代金, 黄辉, 谭德清, 等. 饥饿和再投喂对黑尾近红鲌幼鱼体成分、消化酶活性和RNA/DNA比值的影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 2010,40(6):27-32,79.

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
水分□	73.54±0.75	73.6±0.57	73.57±0.65	73.80±1.08	73.69±0.59	73.74±0.69
水分△	73.54±0.75	73.97±0.23	74.01±0.24	74.12±0.63	74.20±1.16	73.96±0.39
水分○	73.77±0.11	73.90±1.41	74.00±1.16	74.24±0.17	74.52±1.33	75.15±1.02
粗脂肪□	6.29±0.37	6.24±0.12	6.36±0.15	6.11±0.10	6.25±0.04	6.17±0.18
粗脂肪△	6.29±0.37^d	5.95±0.13^cd	5.01±0.03^a	5.72±0.08^bc	5.36±0.16^ab	5.13±0.34^a
粗脂肪○	6.82±0.44	6.86±0.16	6.98±0.26	6.85±0.11	7.05±0.09	6.69±0.69
粗蛋白□	15.22±0.06	15.14±0.09	15.09±0.16	15.11±0.12	15.19±0.16	15.02±0.09
粗蛋白△	15.22±0.06^a	13.61±0.68^b	13.95±0.75^b	15.23±0.02^a	15.29±0.51^a	14.36±0.36^ab
粗蛋白○	15.25±0.14	15.20±0.36	15.10±0.25	15.01±0.17	15.27±0.61	14.98±0.46
粗灰分□	2.51±0.09	2.53±0.08	2.54±0.07	2.57±0.04	2.58±0.04	2.50±0.06
粗灰分△	2.51±0.09^d	2.94±0.07^bc	2.75±0.13^c	3.33±0.05^a	3.28±0.20^a	3.13±0.17^ab
粗灰分○	2.76±0.13	2.74±0.11	2.72±0.09	2.79±0.06	2.84±0.05	2.80±0.03

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
水分□	73.54±0.75	73.6±0.57	73.57±0.65	73.80±1.08	73.69±0.59	73.74±0.69
水分△	73.54±0.75	73.97±0.23	74.01±0.24	74.12±0.63	74.20±1.16	73.96±0.39
水分○	73.77±0.11	73.90±1.41	74.00±1.16	74.24±0.17	74.52±1.33	75.15±1.02
粗脂肪□	6.29±0.37	6.24±0.12	6.36±0.15	6.11±0.10	6.25±0.04	6.17±0.18
粗脂肪△	6.29±0.37^d	5.95±0.13^cd	5.01±0.03^a	5.72±0.08^bc	5.36±0.16^ab	5.13±0.34^a
粗脂肪○	6.82±0.44	6.86±0.16	6.98±0.26	6.85±0.11	7.05±0.09	6.69±0.69
粗蛋白□	15.22±0.06	15.14±0.09	15.09±0.16	15.11±0.12	15.19±0.16	15.02±0.09
粗蛋白△	15.22±0.06^a	13.61±0.68^b	13.95±0.75^b	15.23±0.02^a	15.29±0.51^a	14.36±0.36^ab
粗蛋白○	15.25±0.14	15.20±0.36	15.10±0.25	15.01±0.17	15.27±0.61	14.98±0.46
粗灰分□	2.51±0.09	2.53±0.08	2.54±0.07	2.57±0.04	2.58±0.04	2.50±0.06
粗灰分△	2.51±0.09^d	2.94±0.07^bc	2.75±0.13^c	3.33±0.05^a	3.28±0.20^a	3.13±0.17^ab
粗灰分○	2.76±0.13	2.74±0.11	2.72±0.09	2.79±0.06	2.84±0.05	2.80±0.03

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
Ca含量□	647.64±23.38	648.07±36.61	657.27±11.59	650.00±20.14	652.79±16.12	654.27±16.38
Ca含量△	647.64±23.38^b	659.16±29.69^b	714.20±18.43^b	810.02±45.94^a	875.07±47.14^a	892.27±89.79^a
Ca含量○	637.99±36.23^c	660.83±48.09^abc	652.05±18.93^bc	667.86±3.92^abc	695.63±28.94^ab		711.57±4.71^a
P含量□	512.97±17.84	513.40±9.32	529.75±14.42	533.84±7.27	518.72±18.98	523.98±4.71
P含量△	512.97±17.84^b	534.31±10.77^b	560.12±28.52^b	668.05±29.15^a	674.76±48.24^a	719.35±22.94^a
P含量○	586.39±20.86	573.89±17.42	581.69±18.74	580.90±14.79	592.98±11.30	592.90±15.54
K含量□	259.75±7.77	254.32±14.50	254.44±14.74	258.67±15.49	259.00±31.41	256.63±17.11
K含量△	259.75±7.77^b	264.25±14.78^b	266.27±32.53^ab	303.04±14.48^a	273.90±24.36^ab	254.06±14.36^b
K含量○	322.07±5.06	311.14±5.98	309.96±2.14	307.30±23.18	306.85±9.70	310.09±5.64
Na含量□	65.70±2.66	70.93±11.77	65.38±8.47	67.84±11.40	68.43±9.12	67.30±10.61
Na含量△	65.70±2.66^b	70.83±9.18^b	74.84±11.37^b	105.41±8.48^a	77.46±10.91^b	70.21±7.06^b
Na含量○	76.95±7.08	76.11±2.61	79.87±4.90	71.41±4.03	70.74±3.02	77.05±5.11
Mg含量□	30.77±1.06	30.05±1.91	30.47±3.09	30.32±1.52	29.03±2.09	28.81±2.29
Mg含量△	30.77±1.06^b	30.88±2.60^b	30.18±3.52^b	37.72±2.68^a	34.59±2.97^ab	30.51±3.66^b
Mg含量○	34.56±0.63	33.37±1.41	33.90±1.30	33.00±1.58	33.64±0.98	32.39±0.29
Fe含量□	1.34±0.08	1.37±0.19	1.32±0.13	1.31±0.13	1.35±0.12	1.36±0.13
Fe含量△	1.34±0.08^bc	1.54±0.10^ab	1.56±0.13^ab	1.64±0.05^a	1.24±0.06^c	1.13±0.26^c
Fe含量○	1.41±0.10^a	1.39±0.07^a	1.36±0.15^a	1.39±0.06^a	1.07±0.12^b	1.02±0.04^b

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
Ca含量□	647.64±23.38	648.07±36.61	657.27±11.59	650.00±20.14	652.79±16.12	654.27±16.38
Ca含量△	647.64±23.38^b	659.16±29.69^b	714.20±18.43^b	810.02±45.94^a	875.07±47.14^a	892.27±89.79^a
Ca含量○	637.99±36.23^c	660.83±48.09^abc	652.05±18.93^bc	667.86±3.92^abc	695.63±28.94^ab		711.57±4.71^a
P含量□	512.97±17.84	513.40±9.32	529.75±14.42	533.84±7.27	518.72±18.98	523.98±4.71
P含量△	512.97±17.84^b	534.31±10.77^b	560.12±28.52^b	668.05±29.15^a	674.76±48.24^a	719.35±22.94^a
P含量○	586.39±20.86	573.89±17.42	581.69±18.74	580.90±14.79	592.98±11.30	592.90±15.54
K含量□	259.75±7.77	254.32±14.50	254.44±14.74	258.67±15.49	259.00±31.41	256.63±17.11
K含量△	259.75±7.77^b	264.25±14.78^b	266.27±32.53^ab	303.04±14.48^a	273.90±24.36^ab	254.06±14.36^b
K含量○	322.07±5.06	311.14±5.98	309.96±2.14	307.30±23.18	306.85±9.70	310.09±5.64
Na含量□	65.70±2.66	70.93±11.77	65.38±8.47	67.84±11.40	68.43±9.12	67.30±10.61
Na含量△	65.70±2.66^b	70.83±9.18^b	74.84±11.37^b	105.41±8.48^a	77.46±10.91^b	70.21±7.06^b
Na含量○	76.95±7.08	76.11±2.61	79.87±4.90	71.41±4.03	70.74±3.02	77.05±5.11
Mg含量□	30.77±1.06	30.05±1.91	30.47±3.09	30.32±1.52	29.03±2.09	28.81±2.29
Mg含量△	30.77±1.06^b	30.88±2.60^b	30.18±3.52^b	37.72±2.68^a	34.59±2.97^ab	30.51±3.66^b
Mg含量○	34.56±0.63	33.37±1.41	33.90±1.30	33.00±1.58	33.64±0.98	32.39±0.29
Fe含量□	1.34±0.08	1.37±0.19	1.32±0.13	1.31±0.13	1.35±0.12	1.36±0.13
Fe含量△	1.34±0.08^bc	1.54±0.10^ab	1.56±0.13^ab	1.64±0.05^a	1.24±0.06^c	1.13±0.26^c
Fe含量○	1.41±0.10^a	1.39±0.07^a	1.36±0.15^a	1.39±0.06^a	1.07±0.12^b	1.02±0.04^b

实验项目	S0	S2	S5	S9	S15	S25
胰蛋白酶活力□/(U/g)	9.90±0.25	9.44±1.23	9.97±0.15	10.11±0.67	9.76±0.32	9.99±1.09
胰蛋白酶活力△/(U/g)	9.90±0.25^e	46.11±3.48^a	42.46±1.06^b	34.42±0.40^c	14.83±1.60^d	16.83±1.85^d
胰蛋白酶活力○/(U/g)	9.57±0.44^c	18.17±0.18^a	13.65±0.15^b	14.78±0.43^b	7.78±0.82^d	17.42±1.36^a
脂肪酶活力□/(U/mg)	828.91±31.25	811.16±66.56	809.67±16.50	837.24±53.57	784.22±97.40	822.13±38.05
脂肪酶活力△/(U/mg)	828.91±31.25^b	1093.41±114.14^a	1170.01±158.35^a	601.65±72.21^c	738.86±89.70^bc	892.12±91.33^b
脂肪酶活力○/(U/mg)	824.66±6.57	871.93±102.40	860.81±129.20	848.44±110.02	620.80±82.45	610.89±25.22
淀粉酶活力□/(U/mg)	0.52±0.04	0.53±0.04	0.52±0.02	0.49±0.05	0.52±0.05	0.48±0.03
淀粉酶活力△/(U/mg)	0.52±0.04^c	0.53±0.05^c	0.52±0.02^c	0.53±0.03^c	0.34±0.02^b	0.20±0.05^a
淀粉酶活力○/(U/mg)	0.55±0.10	0.54±0.04	0.54±0.06	0.49±0.03	0.52±0.03	0.51±0.03