Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.23 Published:15 August 2020

  Overexpression and Silencing of Z257 SnoRNA Gene Under Drought Stress: Effects on Drought Tolerance and Phenotype of Rice Ma Tingchen, Xia Jiafa, Wang Yuanlei, Zhou Kunneng, Yun Peng, Li Zefu 2020, 36 (23):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700474 Abstract + ( 192 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 49 ) To analyze the effects of overexpression and gene silencing of SnoRNA Z257 on drought tolerance, agronomic trait and quality trait of rice, using transgenic rice lines and wild type control Nipponbare as research materials, the action mode of SnoRNA Z257 was studied by drought at seedling stage and heading stage. The results showed that the drought tolerance of the transgenic rice line GB Nipponbare (overexpressing SnoRNA Z257) was higher than that of wild type control Nipponbare and the transgenic rice line GM Nipponbare (silencing SnoRNA Z257). Therefore, the SnoRNA Z257gene was related to drought tolerance of rice. After drought stress at seedling stage, the root system of GB Nipponbare was stronger than that of wild Nipponbare, and that of CM Nipponbare was the weakest. After drought stress at heading stage, the agronomic traits of GB Nipponbare were better than that of wild type control Nipponbare, and that of CM Nipponbare was the worst. The quality traits of GB Nipponbare were better than those of wild type control Nipponbare and CM Nipponbare (silencing SnoRNA Z257). The quality traits of CM Nipponbare (silencing SnoRNA Z257) were affected mostly under drought stress, and the quality traits were the poorest. SnoRNA Z257 is highly correlated to the rice drought tolerance, which can reduce the effects of drought stress on rice root, agronomic and quality traits, and can be used as a candidate gene for drought tolerance.

  Yield, Quality and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sugar Beet Varieties Under Optimized Drip Irrigation System Hu Xiaohang, Ma Yahuai, Yang Hongze 2020, 36 (23):  6-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200079 Abstract + ( 237 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2544KB )   ( 43 ) To study the response of the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of varieties (standard type, high yield type and high sugar type) of sugar beet under different irrigation quotas, seven drip irrigation treatments were designed in sugar beet growth period to discuss the response of different treatments by measuring growth, photosynthetic characteristics, production quality and the irrigation efficiency of standard, high-yield and high-sugar beet varieties in Northeast China. The results showed that different irrigation quotas had different effects on the growth indexes, photosynthetic parameters, yield and quality of the beet varieties. The favorable irrigation quota to the growth traits of standard and high-sugar beet varieties was 320~360 m 3/ha, and the optimal response of the chlorophyll content of the three beet varieties to the irrigation quota was 300~320 m 3/ha. The increase of irrigation amount was not conducive to photosynthesis of standard type beet, while had a significant impact on leaf transpiration rate during the rapid growth period of leaf clusters of high-sugar and high-yield beet varieties, and the photosynthetic efficiency was better under 320 m 3/ha irrigation amount. With the increase of the irrigation amount, the root yield of standard beet varieties increased. When the irrigation amount reached 320 m 3/ha, the root yield of high-yield beet varieties did not increase, but remained stable and the sugar content of high-sugar beet varieties decreased. The water use efficiency of leaves was higher in the early growth period than in the late growth period, and increasing the irrigation amount did not improve the production efficiency of the varieties. Thus, to optimize the irrigation system of beet varieties in the study area can promote the growth, the yield and the quality of sugar beet, and provide a basis for establishing the beet irrigation model.

  Effects of Acetoin Addition on 2,3-butanediol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W5/W141 Yang Zhiyu, Tong Tianqi, Liu Lei, Ping Wenxiang, Ge Jingping 2020, 36 (23):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500192 Abstract + ( 289 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1407KB )   ( 47 ) To obtain a 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) producing strain with good performance, different concentrations of acetoin were added into two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (W5/W141) producing 2,3-BD, and the changes of 2,3-BD, ethanol and glycerol production with fermentation time were determined. The optimum acetoin concentration of S. cerevisiae W5 was 12 g/L, and the concentration of 2,3-BD reached the maximum at 72 h, it was 2.54±0.03 g/L, and the conversion of glycerol and ethanol decreased by 17.6% and 23.6% respectively compared with that without addition. The optimum acetoin concentration of S. cerevisiae W 141 was 10 g/L, and the concentration of 2,3-BD reached the maximum at 72 h, it was 1.71±0.02 g/L, and the conversion of glycerol and ethanol decreased by 57.1% and 16.7% respectively. By comparison, S. cerevisiae W5 was selected as the optimum strain to provide new resources for the production of 2,3-BD by microbial fermentation.

  pH Value and Dissolved Oxygen: Effects on β-Mannanase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04 Liu Shaobo, Xie Xin, Ping Wenxiang, Ge Jingping 2020, 36 (23):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600302 Abstract + ( 258 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 34 ) The aims are to explore the producing-β-manganase ability by Bacillus licheniformis, and the influence of pH value and dissolved oxygen level during fermentation on the production of β-manganase. Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04 was used as the test strain, and the activity of β-manganase was determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry (DNS) method. The results showed that when the pH value was controlled to 7.0 until the end of fermentation, the effect was obvious at the initial stage of fermentation (12-20 h), the enzyme activity level was above 3200 U/mL, and the density of bacteria was above 5.5. Secondly, when the dissolved oxygen was controlled at about 25%, the peak duration of enzyme activity was relatively long (about 3000 U/mL for 6-20 h). Therefore, when the pH value is 7.0 and the dissolved oxygen is about 25%, the enzyme production capacity is good at the initial stage of fermentation.

  Cold-resistant Agents for Plant: Research Advances Fu Tingyu, Xiong Hairong, Wen Zhuyou, Shi Wanjie, Xiong Yuanfu 2020, 36 (23):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700397 Abstract + ( 271 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1098KB )   ( 87 ) The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the development and application of plant cold-resistant agents. Firstly, the definition and features of plant cold-resistant agents were briefly introduced, and their mechanism was analyzed by summarizing the effects of the physiological indexes, such as free-proline, soluble sugar concentration and protective enzyme activity in plant cells, on cold resistance. Then the research progress of cold-resistance mechanism of plant in domestic and abroad, and the research and development process of plant cold-resistant agents were summarized chronologically, and the research status of plant cold-resistant agents was described in detail. At last, the existing problems and the future development trend of the research and development of plant cold-resistant agents were briefly analyzed, and some predictions were made on the direction of future research.

  Effect of Soil Matric Potential on Growth and Photosynthetic Indexes of Greenhouse Tomato in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Zhang Guoxin, Yao Yutao, Xing Chunqiang, , Ding Shoupeng, Liang Jingjun 2020, 36 (23):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800554 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 39 ) To rationally use irrigation techniques in the mid-early stage of tomato production in coastal saline alkali soil, spring tomato is taken as the research object to explore the effects of different soil matric potential (-10, -15, -20, -25 kPa) on the growth and photosynthetic indexes of tomato under drip irrigation. The results showed that: the number of irrigation decreased significantly with the decrease of soil matric potential at 0.2 m depth directly below the dripper, and the growth indexes of plant height, stem diameter and leaf length decreased gradually with the decrease of soil matric potential, and there was no significant difference between the treatment of -10 and -15 kPa. The biomass decreased gradually with the decrease of basal potential. The fresh weight of tomato plants with basal potential lower than -15 kPa decreased obviously, and there was no significant difference between -10 and -15 kPa. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration decreased with the decrease of soil matric potential, there was no significant difference between the treatment of -10 and -15kPa, but the difference reached the significant level compared with the other two treatments. The total root length, total root volume and total root surface area decreased with the decrease of the basal potential. There was no significant difference between the two treatments (-10 and -15kPa), but the number of coarse roots >4 mm was the highest under the treatment of -15 kPa basal potential, the difference reached a significant level with all the other three treatments. The comprehensive analysis showed that in the mid-early growth stage of tomato in the coastal saline-alkali area, the irrigation should be controlling the lower limit of soil matric potential at -15 kPa at 0.2 m directly below the dripper.

  Biochar-based Fertilizers: Effects on Yield and Quality of Tomato Sha Lingjie, Lin Xin, Liu Xingyong, Yang Yongmei, Xu Linyan, Wei Maoqiong, Liu Hongcheng 2020, 36 (23):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700485 Abstract + ( 231 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 58 ) The purpose is to study the effect of biochar-based fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tomato. A field plot experiment was conducted and the tomato in greenhouse was used as material. Three treatments were set up: traditional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK1) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm 2; chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw (CK2) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm 2+rice straw 555 kg/hm 2; and biochar-based fertilizer 1387.5 kg/hm 2 (BF). The agronomic characters, yield, amino acid content and quality of tomato were analyzed. Compared with CK1 and CK2, biochar-based fertilizer promoted the growth of roots and shoots, and increased fruit size obviously. Compared with those of CK1 and CK2, the yield of BF was increased by 12.6% and 6.7%, respectively, and the total amino acid content was increased by 71.7% and 117.7%. The contents of EAA, NEAA, CEAA, sweet amino acid and aromatic amino acid were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. Except for vitamin C and total acid, in BF treatment, the content of total sugar, sugar-acid ratio protein and lycopene were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. In summary, biochar-based fertilizer could promote the growth and yield of tomato plant compared with traditional chemical fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw, and it is feasible to partially substitute chemical fertilizer in facility vegetable production.

  Introduction and Analysis of 22 Lilium Hybrids in Qingdao Yang Lichen, Li Derui, Ru Mengyuan, Wang Yuan, Lai Huiping, Liu Xiaoyan, Jiang Xinqiang 2020, 36 (23):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800557 Abstract + ( 416 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1439KB )   ( 67 ) This paper aims to enrich Lilium species that can be fully utilized in Qingdao. 22 Lilium hybrids, introduced from Holland, are used as materials, the plant phenological phase, dynamic growth performance, characteristics of flower phenotype, and flower color parameter are investigated for the planting adaptability of the varieties in Qingdao. The results show that all the 22 Lilium hybrids adapt well to the environmental conditions of Qingdao. The flowering stages of the Lilium hybrids mainly concentrate in the middle of May. The single flowering stage of Lilium asiatica hybrids, L. longiflorum hybrids, and L. longiflorum×asiatic hybrids is 9.25, 12.43 and 14.43 d, respectively. In addition, the plant height of Lilium hybrids increases with the time, while different kinds of Lilium hybrids show different degrees of increasing trend. Moreover, the inflorescence diameter, the number of flowers and inflorescence vary among different kinds of Lilium hybrids. The inflorescence diameter and the number of flowers in L. longiflorum hybrids are smaller than those of L. asiatica hybrids and L. longiflorum× asiatic hybrids. The flower color parameter L * of Lilium asiatica hybrids is lower than that of L. longiflorum hybrids and L. longiflorum× asiatic hybrids. Among the L. longiflorum hybrids hybrid lines, the red-green parameter of ‘Regale’ has the lowest a * value of -2.08, and the yellow-blue parameter b * of ‘Dancing girl’ has the lowest value of -4.61. The above results clearly illustrate the performance of the introduced Lilium hybrids in Qingdao, and could provide the foundation for further utilization of Lilium species in the near future.

  Ecological Functions of Soil Animals and Environmental Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems: Relationship Review Wang Yuan, Wang Qinggui, Sun Yuan, Xing Yajuan 2020, 36 (23):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700368 Abstract + ( 268 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 70 ) Combined with the soil animal research at home and abroad in recent years, and based on the predecessors’ research results, this paper introduces in detail the ecological functions of different kinds and representative soil animals, such as earthworms, ants, soil nematode and collembolan and so on, according to soil animal diversity, as well as how the soil animals generate interaction relationship with various environmental factors. Although many scholars at home and abroad have had a lot of research on soil animal diversity, there are rarely report on soil animals’ ecological function and their interaction with different environmental factors, and how to function. Therefore, we summarize the interaction mechanism between soil animal diversity, ecological function and natural environmental factors (such as atmospheric N deposition, vegetation type, soil environment, etc.) and human disturbance (such as reclamation, fire, etc.), and discuss the ecological function of soil animals and future research hotspots, so as to provide the basis for better understanding the role of soil animals in underground in terrestrial ecosystem.

  Relationship Between Typical Physical Properties of Reclaimed Soil and Biomass in Grassland Opencast Mine Area Wang Dangchao, Shang Zhi, She Changchao 2020, 36 (23):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100791 Abstract + ( 256 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1480KB )   ( 34 ) Taking the No.1 opencast coal mine in Shengli, Inner Mongolia as an example, the reclamation land on the south and north mine dumps as the research objects and the undamaged land as the control, variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to study the relationship between typical physical properties of reclaimed soil (soil bulk density and soil moisture content) and above-ground biomass of vegetation, aiming to provide practical support for soil and vegetation reconstruction in grassland mining area. The results indicated that: (1) the correlation intensity of soil bulk density and moisture content in reclaimed land was slightly lower than that of undamaged land, and the negative correlation was more significant by the longer reclamation time; (2) the mean value of vegetation biomass in reclaimed land was higher than that of undamaged land, and the soil environmental factors after reclamation promoted the reconstruction of the ecosystem of dump; (3) at 0-10 cm soil layer, the soil bulk density was negatively correlated with the moisture content, and had very weak or was irrelevant with biomass, but the vegetation biomass had a significantly positive correlation with the moisture content, which indicated that the surface soil moisture content was an important factor affecting vegetation biomass.

  Discussion on Soil Genesis in the Vertical Zone of Subtropical Mountains Zhang Mingkui 2020, 36 (23):  66-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600277 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 161 ) Based on the problems about the ambiguity of soil genesis, character differentiation and soil distribution in subtropical mountainous areas, this paper takes mountain soil in Zhejiang as an example, and discusses the complexity of vertical variation of genetic characteristics from multidimensional manifestation of desilication, main factors affecting the occurrence of soil reddening and yellowing, and the possible effects of the soil-forming environment change with time on soil genesis. Although there are obvious vertical differentiation in the biological climate and vegetation in subtropical mountainous areas at present, the changes of soil properties and soil types are more complex in the vertical direction because soil formation is comprehensively influenced by both vertical variation of modern climate associated with elevation and temporal and spatial differences of relative soil age caused by topographic evolution. Some of the genetic characteristics affected by the present soil-forming environment could change regularly with altitude, but many of them do not change regularly with altitude due to the influence of paleoenvironment or paleotopography. There is no obvious distinction in the genetic characteristics between red soil group and yellow soil group in the vertical band spectrum. It is concluded that the formation process of red soil subgroup in the subtropical vertical basal zone may be different from those of yellow red soil subgroup and yellow soil group in the upper part of the mountain. Soil color, which is affected not only by the history of soil formation, but also by the current status of soil moisture and vegetation cover, is not necessarily related to weathering intensity. It is difficult to fully understand soil distribution law and soil formation in the subtropical vertical zone by only analyzing the difference of the current soil-forming environments.

  Apple Orchards in Shaanxi Under Measures Based on GM(1,1) Model: Prediction and Analysis of Fertilizer Consumption Yang Lili, Hu Fan, Li Shuili, Li Ru, Shi Lei, Tong Yan’an 2020, 36 (23):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500199 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 31 ) The paper aims to identify reasonable measures to optimize the allocation of fertilizer resources and reduce the fertilizer consumption in orchards. We predicted the amount of fertilizer applied in apple orchards in Shaanxi based on GM(1,1) model combined with the current fertilization situation and nutrient efficient management measures. The results showed that: according to the model prediction, the consumption of pure nutrients N, P2O5 and K2O in apple orchards in Shaanxi would reach 872800, 552900 and 386400 t, respectively, in 2025, 74.3% more than the current amount; if the recommended fertilization could be carried out in all the orchards by 2025, the amount of fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O would be cut by 362100 t, accounting for 20% of the predicted consumption; when the fertigation area reached 20% of the total planted area in 2025, the amount of N, P2O5, K2O would be cut by 181200 t, accounting for 10% of the total predicted consumption. Therefore, the promotion of recommended fertilization or fertigation in orchards can significantly reduce fertilizer consumption, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of orchards in China.

  Water-salt Dynamic in Inland Saline-alkali Soil: Monitoring and Regulation and Decision-making System Wang Bin, Huang Gaojian, Liu Wei, Li Rongxia, Nie Du, Zhang Qiang 2020, 36 (23):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0042 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1614KB )   ( 49 ) The objective is to study water-salt transport law in the inland saline-alkaline soil, develop a water-salt control decision-making system, and provide a theoretical basis and practical software for the reasonable water-salt control in inland saline-alkaline. The shallow groundwater depth, the salt content of groundwater, soil moisture, soil salinity, and ion composition of multi-year and multi-site were monitored and analyzed. The law of water-salt movement in saline-alkali land was studied, the technical system of water-salt regulation was constructed systematically, and related decision-making system was developed. The results showed that the main performance of water-salt movement in the inland saline-alkali soil was transporting and transforming of three forms: salt accumulation, salt desalination and relatively stable. The key of water-salt regulation was controlling and reducing the salt content in soil at salt accumulation peak. This water-salt control scheme was feasible and effective on space-time salt avoidance, and could reduce the cost of soil improvement and the interference to environment. The study, by information technology, explored the law of water-salt in inland saline-alkaline soil and put it into application, and promoted the water-salt regulation.

  Highland Barley Production Area of Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2018: Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Climatic Potential Productivity Zhou Kanshe, Deng Wei, Cui Yuanliang, Hong Jianchang, Cuo Mu, Luo Zhen 2020, 36 (23):  88-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800520 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1773KB )   ( 93 ) It is of great significance to quantitatively assess the spatial distribution pattern, evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of climatic potential productivity in highland barley production area of different climatic zones in Tibetan plateau for studying the changes of highland barley growth environment and the sustainable development of the industry. Based on the series of observation data from 7 meteorological stations, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of climatic potential productivity in highland barley production areas of Tibetan plateau and its response to climate change by using statistical analysis methods, such as Miami model, Thornthwaite Memorial model, climate trend rate, and Mann-Kendall mutation test. The results showed that: NPPt of each station in highland barley areas during 1961-2018 showed an extremely significant increase trend, NPPr showed a significant increase trend, and NPPe and NPPb showed an increasing trend with fluctuation; the limiting factor of NPPb in the eastern main highland barley areas of Tibetan plateau and along the Yarlung Zangbo River was precipitation, while the limiting factor of NPPb in the cold northern region was temperature or evapotranspiration. NPPt, NPPr, NPPe and NPPb all showed inter-decadal increase trend, which had a mutation from 1980s to 1990s, and became more significant in the early 21 st century. The transition to “warm and humid” climate is conducive to improving the climatic potential productivity of local highland barley during 1961-2018, the production of highland barley depends not only on climate resources, but also on the allocation and utilization of water resources.

  Climate Characteristics and Change Trend of Xiongan New Area Liao Yaoming, Huang Dapeng 2020, 36 (23):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191201009 Abstract + ( 1933 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1565KB )   ( 680 ) To provide better climate services for the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area, this paper systematically analyzed the basic climate characteristics and change trend of the Area based on daily meteorological observation data of three national meteorological stations from their establishment to 2018. Spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation and temperature in recent 10 years and the next 10 years in Xiongan were analyzed and predicted by using the refined land surface assimilation data and climate change scenario data. The results showed that the average annual precipitation in Xiongan was 480.8 mm and the precipitation mainly occurred from June to September. During 1961-2018, the average annual precipitation in Xiongan showed a generally decreasing trend, with a significantly decreasing trend in summer and an obviously increasing trend in autumn. In the next 10 years, the precipitation in most areas of Xiongan will increase. The annual average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Xiongan was 12.6, 18.7 and 7.3℃ respectively. In the year averaged from 1981 to 2010, the highest monthly temperature appeared in July and the lowest appeared in January. From 1961 to 2018, the average temperature, the average maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature in Xiongan all showed an upward trend, with obvious warming in spring and winter, followed by summer, while the trend in autumn was not obvious. In the next 10 years, the temperature in Xiongan will rise significantly. The annual average sunshine hours in Xiongan were 2335.2 hours. During the year, there were relatively more sunshine hours in spring and summer, and relatively less sunshine hours in autumn and winter. From 1968 to 2018, the annual sunshine hours in Xiongan showed a decreasing trend, with the fastest decreasing rate in autumn and the slowest in spring. The annual average wind speed in Xiongan was 1.7 m/s. During the year, the average wind speed in April was the largest, and the average wind speed in January, August and December was the smallest. From 1961 to 2018, the average wind speed in Xiongan was generally decreasing, with the largest decreasing rate in winter and the smallest in summer.

  Effect on Weed Occurrence and Wheat Yield: Different Herbicide Combinations Zhang Zichang, Fu Yousheng, Li Yongfeng, Gu Tao, Yang Xia, Cao Jingjing 2020, 36 (23):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600345 Abstract + ( 228 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 79 ) To investigate the effect of different herbicide combinations on weed occurrence and wheat yield, a field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 with a high-yield wheat cultivar ‘Huaimai 43’, and five weed control treatments were set up, including manual weeding (T1), 5% pinoxaden+50% isoproteron+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T2), 4% pyroxsulam+50% isoproteron+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T3), 4% pyroxsulam+15% florasulam·fluroxypyr-mepthyl (T4), 15% clodinafop-propargyl+50 g·L florasulam (T5) and non-weeding treatment as control check (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the occurrence amount and dry matter of weed per unit area were significantly reduced after the application of herbicides, especially T3 and T4 showed better control effects, which was up to over 90%. The yield of wheat decreased with the increase of the amount and weight of weed. Compared with CK, wheat yield was markedly increased after weed control, and the yield increase of T1, T2 and T3 was the most, followed by T4, and T5 was the least. Moreover, physiological indexes showed that T1, T2 and T3 exhibited a higher increase in LAI, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic rate and contents of IAA, GA1+GA4, and Z+ZR in grains of wheat, while T4 and T5 showed a low increase in the above physiological indexes, which could be an important reason for the low increase in wheat yield under T4 and T5 treatments.

  Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Brontispa longissima in China Dai Yubin 2020, 36 (23):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000735 Abstract + ( 194 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2278KB )   ( 62 ) The study aims to clarify the potential distribution of Brontispa longissima in China to reduce the economic and ecological losses caused by the invasion of the pest. Based on CLIMEX software and the biological data of B. longissima, this study combined with inverse distance-weighted interpolation analysis function of ArcGIS, used historical climate data (1981-2010) and simulated future climate data (2071-2100) to analyze the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of B. longissima. The results showed that Brontispa longissima was mainly distributed in the southern part of China, and the very favorable region occupied the largest proportion under historical climate conditions. Besides, the total suitable area of B. longissima in China would increase and the suitable area would move northward under future climate conditions. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the management and control of B. longissima.

  Regulation of Hepcidin on Iron Metabolism and Pregnancy Iron Nutrition in Animals Li Meiquan, Tong Huiquan, Wang Jing, Guo Rongfu 2020, 36 (23):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200140 Abstract + ( 201 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1522KB )   ( 42 ) Iron is an essential trace element in animals. Iron deficiency-induced anemia disease accounts for a large proportion in newborn animals. Iron deficiency anemia is a key link that affects the health of newborn animals and their genetic growth potential. Therefore, research on iron deficiency anemia is of great scientific significance to animal health. Hepcidin regulates iron center metabolism, participates in iron absorption and transport in the body, and regulates iron nutrition, it has important biological significance for maternal and fetal growth and iron metabolism in newborn animals. With the application and development of biological technology, more and more iron regulatory proteins have been identified in animals, but restricted by the maternal blood-fetal barrier and the mammary barrier, hepcidin's regulation mechanism of maternal-placental iron metabolism is still unclear. By reviewing relative researches about the regulation of hepcidin on iron metabolism of animal body and iron nutrition in pregnancy, the paper aims to provide new research directions for colleagues in this field.

  Effects of Long-term High Nutritional Level on Blood Biochemical Indicators in Fattening Brahman Zhang Jicai, He Zhanxing, Hu Yingwu, Zhan Jingxi, Tang Enying, Jin Xiandong, Yang Kai, Wang Ankui, Huang Bizhi, Qu Kaixing 2020, 36 (23):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700482 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 28 ) The aim is to clarify the effect of long-term high nutritional level on the health of fattening Brahman cattle, and provide theoretical support for the production of healthy and high-quality beef. Automatic biochemical analyzer and kit were used in this study. 12 castrated Brahman bulls under different nutritional levels with same pen-feeding management were used as materials. After 24-month fattening, the blood physicochemical indicators were tested and compared with the traditional grazing group. The results showed that 18 of 53 biochemical indicators increased with the increase of diet nutritional level, including WBC, RBC, HB, HCT, MCHC, PLT, PCT, MPV, P-LCR, TG, TBA, GLU, Cr, HCY, CK, ALP, K +, P 5+, while 5 indicators (TP, AST, ALT, GGT, and HCO3 -) decreased. Other indicators had no significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, through strengthening nutrition and feeding management, the blood indicators are improved in Brahman cattle and the functions of various organs are enhanced to favor the fat deposition and muscle growth. The castrated Brahman bulls could be high-quality and high-grade cattle by direct intensive fattening under the condition of medium and high nutritional levels for a period of 30-month.

  Effect of Surface-displayed TGEV-S Epitopes in Lactococcus Lactis on the Immune Function of Experimental Mice Du Yinghui, Zhang Yifan, Wang Shuquan 2020, 36 (23):  130-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600349 Abstract + ( 283 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1415KB )   ( 24 ) To investigate the safety and immune function of lactococcus lactis expressing S protein epitope of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in mice, the experimental mice were orally immunized with recombinant lactococcus lactis, the mental state were observed and the immune indexes were determined using an ELISA kit according to the instructions. The results showed that recombinant lactococcus lactis had no effect on the mental state and body weight of mice, and increased serum IgG and fecal sIgA content significantly. Compared with the control group, the difference was significant in one week, two weeks and five weeks after immunization, extremely significant in three weeks and four weeks after immunization, indicating that Lactococcus lactis could improve humoral immunity level of mice obviously. The recombinant lactococcus lactis could obviously enhance T lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood, compared with the control group, the difference was very significant, which indicated that the recombinant lactococcus lactis could improve cellular immunity level of mice. Lactococcus lactis expressing the surface-displayed TGEV-S epitopes could obviously improve humoral immunity and cellular immunity level, has good immunogenicity and is safe and reliable.

  Genetic Diversity of Huaihe Strain of Pelodiscus sinensis Based on Microsatellite Markers Wang Lihua, Zhang Yingping, Zou Guiwei, Xu Degao, Ling Chen, Liang Hongwei 2020, 36 (23):  134-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500185 Abstract + ( 261 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 37 ) To investigate the genetic background of Huaihe strain of Pelodiscus sinensis, 25 microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Huaihe (H), Yellow River (Y) and Japanese (R) strain of Pelodiscus sinensis, respectively. The results showed that the average allele number (NA) of the H, Y and R Pelodiscus sinensis strain was 5.08, 5.44 and 6.20, respectively. The average effective allele number (NE) was 2.696, 2.733 and 3.221, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (HE) of the H strain was 0.572, which was higher than that of the Y strain (0.556) and lower than that of the R strain (0.603). The genetic diversity of the R strain was the most abundant, followed by that of the H strain, and the genetic diversity of Y strain was the lowest. All the 25 microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism, and the average PIC of the H, Y and R strain was 0.513, 0.498 and 0.558, respectively. Both the H and R strain were highly polymorphic (PIC>0.5), and the Y strain was moderately polymorphic (0.25 <PIC<0.5). The genetic differentiation index (FST) indicated that the H and Y strain were moderately differentiated (0.05<FST<0.15), the H and R, Y and R strain were highly differentiated (0.15<FST<0.25). The genetic relationship between the H and the Y strain was closer than that between the H and the R strain. The study indicates that the Huaihe strain of Pelodiscus sinensis has higher genetic diversity and better genetic potential.

  The Enhancement of Nutrient Utility Efficiency in Paddy Field Based on Tail Water Irrigation of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ Aquiculture Xu Rong, Zhu Lingyu, Wang Shouhong, Bi Jianhua, Zhang Jiahong, Wang Guiliang, Kou Xiangming, Wu Leiming, Han Guangming, Tang Hejun 2020, 36 (23):  142-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400054 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1486KB )   ( 42 ) To achieve the steady yield of rice and to maximize the nutrient use efficiency during the paddy rice production irrigated by the tail water of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely, four treatments were set up for the pot experiment which contained CK (blank control), BC (biochar), TG (soil improvement solution), BT (biochar and soil improvement solution). The suitable material types were screened by the comparison of nutrient transport status in rice-soil system and the growth indexes of paddy rice in different treatments. The results showed that the addition of BC, TG and BT had positive effects on TN accumulation in topsoil (0-10 cm), TP accumulation in soil （0-25cm）,and system nutrition loss;meanwhile, the former two treatment were also helpful for TN accumulation in soil（0-25cm）,and the system nutrition. TG promoted the NO3 - accumulation in the topsoil (0-10 cm) (P<0.05). Except BC treatment,TN and TP in paddy rice showed a downward trend at the same time in the existence of materials. In the BT treatment, the chlorophyll content at filling stage was higher than that of TG and CK (P<0.05) apparently, the first internode length of material treatment was lower than that of CK (P<0.05), while the difference of the other treatments was not significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between actual yield and theoretical yield of different treatments (P>0.05). To summarize, comparing with other materials, TG holds back NO3 - as the main nitrogen nutrition effectively, enhances the nutrition utility efficiency of aquiculture wastewater, decreases the leaching risk, controls the internode growth of the rice bottom obviously, reduces the lodging risk and has no inhibition on the growth and yield of rice. Thus, TG is a potential material for the enhancement of nutrient utility efficiency in paddy rice irrigated by the wastewater from ‘Macrobrachium rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely.

  Effects on Fish Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity and RNA/DNA of Schizothorax wangchiachii Juveniles: Starvation and Refeeding Liang Meng, Wei Kaijin, Zhu Xiangyun, Ma Baoshan, Xu Bin, Xu Jin 2020, 36 (23):  151-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800508 Abstract + ( 260 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 36 ) The study was conducted to investigate the variation of fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity and RNA/DNA ratio of Schizothorax wangchiachii juveniles after starvation and refeeding, to provide a scientific basis for artificial culture. S. wangchiachii juveniles were used as materials. Crude protein, crude fat, moisture and crude ash of the fish body were measured by Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet extraction method, Thermostatic and weightless drying method and muffle furnace burning method, respectively. The mineral elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the digestive enzyme activity and the DNA/RNA ratio were measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the crude fat content of juveniles declined to the minimum of 5.01% after 5-day starvation. The crude protein content reduced to the minimum of 13.61% after 2-day starvation. The moisture and ash content, Ca and P content all increased after starvation. The contents of K, Na, Mg and Fe increased to the peak after 9-day starvation, and then decreased with starvation continued. The trypsin and lipase activity of liver-pancreas increased firstly, followed by a short decline, and then the activity finally increased. The amylase activities declined throughout the starvation time. The muscle’s DNA content increased, while RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio decreased. After refeeding, The Fe contents in group S15 and S25 were lower than those of the control group. The amylase activities of liver-pancreas recovered to normal level in all the groups. However, the liver-pancreas lipase activities of group S15 and S25 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The RNA content and RNA/DNA in muscle were extremely and significantly decreased in group S15 and S25 (P<0.01). The biochemical indexes of S. wangchiachii juveniles were not affected by 9-day starvation (P>0.05), and no significant difference with control was found after refeeding (P>0.05). The starvation time should not exceed 9 days.

  The Status Quo and Industrialization of Rice-aquaculture Integrated Cultivation in Jiangsu Yu Kai, Song Qianhong, Zhao Yongfeng 2020, 36 (23):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600338 Abstract + ( 463 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1134KB )   ( 177 ) Rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation models have developed rapidly in recent years and achieved a lot in terms of social, economic and ecologic benefit under the promotion of government. The survey shows that rice-crayfish models take up a majority of rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation models; compared with the simple rice farming mode, the rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation is far more profitable. Based on the status quo and existing problems in the development of rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation models, research suggestions are proposed．