Biochar-based Fertilizers: Effects on Yield and Quality of Tomato

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700485

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose is to study the effect of biochar-based fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tomato. A field plot experiment was conducted and the tomato in greenhouse was used as material. Three treatments were set up: traditional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK1) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm ²; chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw (CK2) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm ²+rice straw 555 kg/hm ²; and biochar-based fertilizer 1387.5 kg/hm ² (BF). The agronomic characters, yield, amino acid content and quality of tomato were analyzed. Compared with CK1 and CK2, biochar-based fertilizer promoted the growth of roots and shoots, and increased fruit size obviously. Compared with those of CK1 and CK2, the yield of BF was increased by 12.6% and 6.7%, respectively, and the total amino acid content was increased by 71.7% and 117.7%. The contents of EAA, NEAA, CEAA, sweet amino acid and aromatic amino acid were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. Except for vitamin C and total acid, in BF treatment, the content of total sugar, sugar-acid ratio protein and lycopene were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. In summary, biochar-based fertilizer could promote the growth and yield of tomato plant compared with traditional chemical fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw, and it is feasible to partially substitute chemical fertilizer in facility vegetable production.

Key words: biochar-based fertilizer, tomato, agronomic characters, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S146+.2

Sha Lingjie, Lin Xin, Liu Xingyong, Yang Yongmei, Xu Linyan, Wei Maoqiong, Liu Hongcheng. Biochar-based Fertilizers: Effects on Yield and Quality of Tomato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(23): 41-45.

Figures/Tables 4

处理	主根顶端/cm	根系体积/mL	茎干基部/cm	果实横径/cm
CK1	1.00±0.0265	17.72±0.3523	1.22±0.0416	4.78±0.1510
CK2	1.20±0.0306	18.46±0.4288	1.27±0.0458	5.14±0.1701
酵素碳	1.29±0.0252	23.04±0.3252	1.40±0.0404	6.17±0.1450

处理	单株中台留果实数/个	平均单果重/g	移栽成活率/%
CK1	5~9( $x ?$ =7.9)	114±4.5826	86.67
CK2	5~8( $x ?$ =7.2)	132±5.1316	90.00
酵素碳	6~8( $x ?$ =6.3)	161±4.0415	96.67

处理	单株中台留果实数/个	平均单果重/g	移栽成活率/%
CK1	5~9( $x ?$ =7.9)	114±4.5826	86.67
CK2	5~8( $x ?$ =7.2)	132±5.1316	90.00
酵素碳	6~8( $x ?$ =6.3)	161±4.0415	96.67

氨基酸	CK1	CK2	酵素碳
天冬氨酸(Asp)	0.4014	0.3340	0.2355
苏氨酸(Thr)	0.1324	0.1175	0.0834
丝氨酸(Ser)	0.1052	0.0907	0.0715
谷氨酸(Glu)	0.9598	0.6712	0.6028
甘氨酸(Gly)	0.0800	0.0615	0.2177
丙氨酸(Ala)	0.0843	0.0683	0.2464
半胱氨酸(Cys)	0.0924	0.0778	0.2356
缬氨酸(Val)	0.1061	0.0774	0.1826
甲硫氨酸(Met)	0.0501	0.0220	0.0218
异亮氨酸(Ile)	0.0648	0.0558	0.0969
亮氨酸(Leu)	0.0800	0.0688	0.1274
酪氨酸(Tyr)	0.0526	0.0448	0.0932
苯丙氨酸(Phe)	0.0556	0.0430	0.0775
组氨酸(His)	0.0688	0.0797	1.2070
赖氨酸(Lys)	0.1192	0.0949	0.1681
精氨酸(Arg)	0.1965	0.1783	0.3131
脯氨酸(Pro)	0.0707	0.0593	0.6887
总量	2.7199	2.1450	4.6692

处理	维生素C/(mg/100g)	总糖/%	总酸/%	糖酸比	蛋白质/%	番茄红素/(mg/kg)
CK1	211.16±25.81^b	3.59±0.31^a	0.84±0.04^b	4.2738	0.71±0.02^b	6.68±1.05^a
CK2	113.17±65.63^a	3.19±0.32^a	0.55±0.24^a	5.8000	0.62±0.19^a	8.49±2.26^b
酵素碳	134.54±23.17^a	3.63±0.49^a	0.59±0.03^a	6.1525	0.98±0.04^c	9.48±1.08^b

References 31

[1]	徐鹤林, 李景富. 中国番茄[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007: 1-10.
[2]	梁静, 王丽英, 陈清, 等. 中国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2015,1(10):16-21.
[3]	郑良永, 杜丽清. 中国农业化肥污染及环境保护对策[J].中国热带农业, 2013(2):76-78.
[4]	Sohi S P, Krull E, Lopez-capel E, et al. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2010,105:47-82.
[5]	麻坤, 刁钢. 化肥对中国粮食产量变化贡献率的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(4):1113-1120.
[6]	Lehmann J D, Joseph S. Biochar for environmental management:science, technology and implementation[M]. New York: Routledge, 2015: 39-57.
[7]	Kim H S, Kim K R, Yong S O, et al. Examination of Three Different Organic Waste Biochars as Soil Amendment for Metal-Contaminated Agricultural Soils[J]. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 2015,226(9):1-11.
[8]	Martinsen V, Alling V, Nurida N L, et al. pH effects of the addition of three biochars to acidic Indonesian mineral soils[J]. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 2015,61(5):1-14.
[9]	Akhtar S S, Andersen M N, Liu F. Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2015,158:61-68.
[10]	Agegnehu G, Bass A M, Nelson P N, et al. Biochar and biochar-compost as soil amendments: Effects on peanut yield, soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical North Queensland, Australia[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2015,213:72-85.
[11]	Kookana R S, Sarmah A K, Zwieten L V, et al. Chapter three-Biochar Application to Soil: Agronomic and Environmental Benefits and Unintended Consequences[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2011,112:103-143.
[12]	李丽, 王雪艳, 田彦芳, 等. 生物质炭对土壤养分及设施蔬菜产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(5):1237-1244.
[13]	刘园, M. Jamal Khan 靳海洋, 等. 秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报, 2015(4):849-858.
[14]	勾芒芒, 屈忠义. 生物炭与化肥互作对土壤含水率与番茄产量的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018,49(11):283-288.
[15]	曹雪娜, 孟军, 杨铁鑫, 等. 生物炭对樱桃番茄果实品质及产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018,46(4):101-104.
[16]	沈盟, 蒋芳玲, 王珊, 等. 生物质炭施用量对土壤性状和番茄产质量的影响[J]. 土壤, 2017,49(3):534-542.
[17]	吴鹏豹, 解钰, 漆智平, 等. 生物炭对王草产量及营养品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2012,29(9):1428-1434.
[18]	张伟明, 孟军, 王嘉宇, 等. 生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013,39(8):1445-1451.
[19]	沈奕, 赏莹莹. 复合酵素和生物质炭配施对番茄生长发育和产量、品质的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2019,47(5):133-135.
[20]	刘其林. 施用酵素炭对华坪县烤烟产量和品质的影响[J]. 南方农业, 2018,12(35):53-56.
[21]	滕秀兰, 蒲陆梅, 王兴民. 分光光度法测定番茄红素[J]. 理化检验(化学分册), 2013,49(11):1385-1386.
[22]	欧行奇, 任秀娟, 周岩. 叶菜型甘薯茎尖的氨基酸含量及组成分析[J]. 中国食品学报, 2007,7(4):120-125.
[23]	岳冬, 刘娜, 朱为民, 等. 樱桃番茄与普通番茄部分品质指标及氨基酸组成比较[J]. 食品科学, 2015,36(4):92-96.
[24]	李新宇, 孟康, 李小英, 等. 生物炭对元谋燥红壤土壤肥力与番茄生长的影响[J]. 西部林业科学, 2019,48(2):114-120.
[25]	汪峰, 戴瑶璐, 李国安, 等. 复合肥用量对大棚樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2017,58(4):605-608,614.
[26]	王昊, 韦峰, 张战胜, 等. 不同秸秆生物反应堆对冬季日光温室番茄生长发育的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(2):141-146.
[27]	王育红, 肖辉, 程文娟, 等. 炭基肥对设施土壤肥力、番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2015,43(16):390-392.
[28]	姬景红, 李杰, 李玉影, 等. 不同施肥措施对保护地番茄产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2012(5):35-39.
[29]	杨天怡, 刘岳飞, 李彩媛, 等. 不同施肥处理对番茄功能性成分及抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2016,29(9):2100-2105.
[30]	胡晓婷, 陈丹艳, 牛博宇, 等. 番茄秸秆废弃物堆肥不同添加比例对番茄风味的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019,25(4):611-619.
[31]	张瑞花, 兰超杰, 刘雯, 等. 生物炭对反季节露地樱桃番茄生长及产量品质的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2019,17(14).