Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.22 Published:05 August 2020

  Effect of Continuous and Rotation Cropping on Leaf Shape Characteristics, Chlorophyll Content and N Content of Leaves of Millet Zhang Lina, Lu Chengda, Guo Zhili, Zhao Chenglin, Gao Wei, Wang Bin, Wang Huibin 2020, 36 (22):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300168 Abstract + ( 295 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 109 ) The article aims to enhance the cognition of continuous cropping obstacles and provide theoretical support for the millet rotation system and sustainable production. Through the comparison of the crop rotation for one year and continuous cropping, we studied the effect on the leaf shape, leaf content of chlorophyll and nitrogen of dry-land millet. It shows that the continuous cropping could reduce leaf area for both the individual millet and the group, which seriously influences the leaf growth of millet, depresses the content of nitrogen and chlorophyll and the chloroplast development. Therefore, the continuous cropping is not a proper practice for millet production, and suitable crop rotation methods should be selected to achieve stable and high yield of millet.

  Identification of Cold Tolerance in 16 Coix Germplasm Pu Fengya, Tang Ran, Gu Shujie, Fang Zisong, Yang Zhiqing 2020, 36 (22):  5-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200091 Abstract + ( 264 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 91 ) The research aims to screen out the germplasm of Coix with high cold resistance, and provide a basis for hybrid breeding and cultivation of Coix. Taking 16 germplasms of Coix as test materials, we cultured the materials under low temperature stress at 3℃ for 3 days, measured the physiological indexes related to cold resistance, and comprehensively evaluated cold resistance by using a pole-sorting method. The results showed that under low temperature (3℃) stress, the chlorophyll content and SOD activity of leaves decreased, and the electrical conductivity content, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, proline content, and soluble protein content of leaves of various germplasms increased to varying degrees. Under the treatment of low temperature and normal temperature, there were obvious differences in the change of these physiological indicators, indicating that the changes are closely related to the cold resistance of the Coix. The rank of the cold resistance of the Coix obtained by the pole-sorting method is: ‘Yunye-6’<‘YGL’<‘Yunye-10’<‘Yunye-8’<‘Yunye-12’<‘Yunye-1’<‘Yunye-4’<‘Yunye-3’<‘Yunye-5’<‘YLO’<‘YOL-12’<‘Yunye-7’<‘Yunye-9’<‘Yunye-11’<‘Yunye-2’<‘Y9-5’. Among the 16 germplasms, ‘Y9-5’ and ‘Yunye-2’could be used as cold resistance material for hybrid breeding and cultivation.

  Plant Architecture and Yield-related Traits of Main Hybrid Rapeseed Varieties in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River: Correlation Analysis Guo Yiming, Wang Tonghua, Qu Liang, Chen Weijiang, Li Mei 2020, 36 (22):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600348 Abstract + ( 410 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 63 ) By analyzing field data for specific rapeseed varieties from multiple regions and years, we aim to reveal the relationship between plant architecture and yield-related factors. Five widely applied varieties in the past ten years were chosen in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, their field data from National Winter-type Rapeseed Regional Trials were used to analyze the characteristics and correlation relationships of plant architecture and yield-related traits within regions in different years. The plant architecture of five varieties all fit the criteria of high-yield type, with the branch height proportion of 0.34-0.39, and the main inflorescence proportion of 0.34-0.37, while no difference was observed among the varieties for these two factors. Silique layer density was extremely and positively correlated with plant yield and plot yield, with 0.64 and 0.22 as the correlation coefficient value, respectively. On the other hand, significant differences were commonly found in most yield and architecture-related traits between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially after the increase of growth density, the plant height, branch height and silique layer density all varied extremely and significantly, but not for plot yield. The analyzed results from long-term data in multiple regions could provide a more solid foundation for the selection of new-hybrid varieties in the future.

  Effects of Stand Density on Understory Vegetation of Platycladus orientalis Plantations in Central Mountainous Area of Shandong Du Zhenyu, Ge Zhongqiang, Liang Yan, Li Zongtai, Lv Leichang, Wang Qinghua 2020, 36 (22):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700458 Abstract + ( 292 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 34 ) Taking the sample plots of 50-year-old Platycladus orientalis plantations with different stand densities (1300-5800 plants/hm2) in central mountainous area of Shandong as the research object, the effects of stand density on the richness, diversity, evenness, coverage and biomass of understory vegetation were studied through field investigation and indoor analysis, to provide a basis for the determination of rational density of P. orientalis plantation in the area. The results show that 42 species of plants belonging to 31 families and 38 genera are found in the sample plots. Shrubs are the dominant species. The species diversity index of understory vegetation has strong variability among plots, while the indexes of richness, dominance and evenness are moderate variability. The species richness of understory vegetation decreases significantly with the increase of stand density, and the species diversity index is relatively high when stand density is 2600-3000 plants/hm2. Understory coverage, biomass and shrub layer height also show a significant downward trend with the increase of stand density. The results indicate that the understory vegetation of P. orientalis plantation in central mountainous area of Shandong is greatly affected by stand density. When stand density is less than 3000 plants/hm2, the species diversity, coverage and biomass of the understory vegetation are relatively good, which is conducive to the formation of a stable ecosystem.

  Distribution of Wild Herbaceous Flower Resources in Different Landform of Huamugou Forest, Inner Mongolia Li Feng, Yu Guomin, Dong Xiangjun, Wang Yanjun, Wei Yanjun, Gai Shupeng 2020, 36 (22):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700477 Abstract + ( 288 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 36 ) Huamugou forest of Inner Mongolia locates at Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City with extensive landform distribution, and the wild flower resources are very abundant there. Unfortunately, the resources have not been well exploited and utilized. To better understand the characters and the distribution of wild herbaceous flower resources, protect local eco-environment and develop flower industry, typical sampling method was used to study wild herbaceous flower resources based on a path survey. Totally, 177 species are found, belonging to 40 families and 129 genera, and Compositae, Leguminosae and Ranunculaceae are the most abundant species there. Among different landform, Margalef value varies from 1.35 to 8.28, Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index ranges from 1.42 to 2.59, and Simpson’s diversity index is from 0.59 to 0.96. The results indicate that species diversity in wetland meadow, scarce forest and grassland and wetland are the most abundant, and that in tibba is the lowest. Humidity and light are the most important factors that influence species diversity. Wild flower resources with different characteristics, e.g. photophilous, shade tolerance, waterlogging resistance, hygrophilous and drought tolerance, are widely distributed in the area with highly potential development prospect. Additionally, some wild flowers are in imminent danger and need be protected immediately.

  Effects of Different Treatments on the Antioxidant System and Hormones During the Germination of Celery Seeds He Lifang, Guo Shirong, Yan Jun, Zhu Weimin 2020, 36 (22):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100058 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1414KB )   ( 42 ) To study the germination mechanism of celery seeds, different reagent combinations (5 g/L NaOH+ 10% PEG, 10% PEG+ 500 mg/L chitosan, 5 g/L NaOH+ 500 mg/L chitosan) and different temperatures (18, 24, 30℃) were used to process the seeds and to explore the germination index, the changes in antioxidant system and endogenous hormone levels in seed germination. The results showed that 30℃ could promote the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of seeds, and accelerate the germination process of seeds. Compared with the control group of distilled water, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of the combination treatment increased at 18 and 24℃. Under the 18℃, 5 g/L NaOH+ 500 mg/L chitosan treatment, the potential was the highest, and the germination potential reached the maximum under the treatment of 5 g/L NaOH+ 10% PEG at 24℃; there was no significant difference in germination rate, germination potential and germination index between different reagent combinations at 30℃. 18 and 30℃ had a certain degree of stress on seeds, and the activities of SOD and CAT in seeds increased compared with those under 24℃. The content of MDA and proline significantly increased at 18℃. The content of MDA was significantly reduced by the treatment of 5 g/L NaOH+ 10% PEG reagent combination. During the germination, the content of ABA gradually decreased, and the contents of GA3 and ZA gradually increased in celery seeds. Therefore, the combination of reagents and appropriate high temperature are beneficial to increase the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of celery seeds, and can also improve the germination uniformity. The antioxidant system and hormone levels of celery seeds actively respond to different treatment conditions during the germination process.

  Bagged and Non-bagged Fruits of 4 Dwarfing Rootstocks Short-Shoot Fuji Cultivars: Quality Comparison Liu Meiying, Zhao Ming, Zhao Lingling, Tang Yan, Sun Yanxia, Liu Daliang, Zhang Xueyong, Jiang Zhongwu 2020, 36 (22):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700430 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 64 ) To study the effects of bagging and non-bagging management on the quality of short-shoot Fuji apple under double dwarf cultivation mode, four short-shoot Fuji cultivars grafted on M9T337 dwarf rootstock were used as test materials to test the fruit quality and aroma components under different cultivation conditions. The results showed that the contents of soluble solids and total sugar in bagged fruits were lower than those in non-bagged fruits. Malic acid and succinic acid were the main acid components in apples, and different short-shoot Fuji cultivars showed differences. The main aroma components of the four short-shoot Fuji cultivars were esters, accounting for 77.71%-96.49% of the total aroma components. They were typical ester-flavored apple cultivars. In ‘Yanfu 6’, ‘Yiyuan Red’, ‘Miyazaki Short-shoot’ apples, hexyl acetate was the main aroma component of bagged and non-bagged fruits; hexyl acetate was the main aroma component of bagged fruits of ‘Longfu Short-shoot’, while hexyl 2-methyl butyrate was the main aroma component of the non-bagged fruits.

  Comparative Analysis of Quality and Yield of Walnut Under Different Planting Patterns Ha Xiaoli, Sun Yang, Han Zhanjiang 2020, 36 (22):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700462 Abstract + ( 262 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 56 ) The paper aims to analyze the differences of quality and yield of walnut under different planting patterns. We investigated walnut quality, including single fruit weight, moisture content, kernel percent, fat content, fatty acid composition and content, protein content, amino acid composition and content, and reducing sugar content, and walnut yield under two planting patterns, namely, walnut monoculture and jujube/walnut intercropping. The results show that the differences of quality or yield under different planting patterns are significant. Monoculture is favorable for walnut to accumulate reducing sugar after hydrolysis, while intercropping pattern (jujube/walnut) is favorable for walnut to accumulate protein. The kernel percent, fat content, fatty acid content, amino acid content and reducing sugar content of walnut are all higher under B2 treatment (walnut monoculture downhill), while the protein content under B2 treatment is relatively low. Under the same planting pattern, walnut yield of downhill treatment is higher than that of uphill treatment. Considering all the indicators, B2 treatment has the highest yield and better quality.

  Effect of IBA and NAA on Root Development of Sedum plumbizincicola Under Different pH He Aiguo, Dai Yanjiao, Hu Zhixin, Wu Jiamei, Chen Jin 2020, 36 (22):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200103 Abstract + ( 368 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1800KB )   ( 32 ) To solve the negative impacts of the acidic environment on rooting of Sedum plumbizincicola cutting seedlings, a sand culture experiment was conducted in artificial climate chamber. In this experiment, both the influence of different pH conditions on rooting and plant growth of cutting seedlings and the effects of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on the rooting of cutting seedlings were studied. The results showed that, although cutting seedlings could grow normally, they did not grow well at pH 5.5. At pH≤5.0, the root system was underdeveloped, the stems were shorter and the leaves were smaller, eventually resulting in less than 40% of the normal biomass (pH 6.5), and the lower the pH, the faster the plant would die. Soaking the cutting seedlings with 0.5-10.0 mg/L IBA and NAA could significantly improve the survival rate through shortening rooting time and increasing rooting number and length. This research suggests that culture medium with pH≤5.0 is harmful to Sedum plumbizincicola cutting seedlings’ growth. Soaking the base of Sedum plumbizincicola cutting seedlings with 2.0-3.0 mg/L IBA and 1.0-2.0 mg/L NAA before cuttage can shorten the rooting time, increase the number and the length of the root system, and improve the survival rate.

  Regression Analysis and Path Analysis of Top Fruit Grain Weight and Related Agronomic Traits of Safflower Xu Lanjie, Liu Xinmei, Liang Huizhen, Yu Yongliang, Yang Hongqi, Tan Zhengwei, Li Lei, Yu Qiyang 2020, 36 (22):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600324 Abstract + ( 234 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 197 ) The paper aims to study the relationship between the top fruit grain weight and main agronomic traits. With 326 safflower varieties used as materials, the regression analysis and path analysis were carried out to explore the grain weight of top fruit and main agronomic traits. The correlation analysis indicated that the order of the influencing traits on top fruit grain weight were as follows: weight of top fruit, grain number of top fruit, diameter of top fruit, branches height, plant height, and stem diameter. There was an obviously positive correlation between top fruit grain weight and weight of top fruit, grain number of top fruit, branches height, a negative correlation between top fruit grain weight and diameter of top fruit, plant height, stem diameter. Multiple regression analysis showed that top fruit grain number, weight of top fruit, diameter of top fruit, and stem diameter were the main traits affecting top fruit grain weight. The grain number of top fruit, weight of top fruit, diameter of top fruit, plant height, branches height, and stem diameter had more direct effect on the grain weight of top fruit. Linear regression showed that the weight and the grain number of top fruit had more significant effect on grain weight of top fruit. Therefore, in safflower high-yield variety breeding, the focus should be on the weight, the grain number and the diameter of top fruit.

  The Rejuvenation of Medicinal Plant Bletilla striata in Vitro Xi Yinkai, Huang Hengyu, Zeng Biao 2020, 36 (22):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800510 Abstract + ( 586 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 3211KB )   ( 91 ) Since the transplanting seedlings are difficult to adapt to rooting culture and domestication due to the tenuous stems in medium, the rejuvenation research was conducted using test-tube plantlets of Bletilla striata by optimizing the conditions of the medium. Based on the proliferative and rhizogenic formulas established in our previous study, the single factor and L9(34) orthogonal experiment were carried out using different subculture plantlets, different concentrations of plant growth retardant (PP333 and CCC) and carbon source, aiming to investigate the impact of different types and concentrations of plant growth retardant and explants on rejuvenation, multiplication, rooting culture and transplanting. L9(34) orthogonal test exhibited that the optimal rejuvenation medium was MS+ 1.0 g/L AC+ 50 g/L banana puree+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.01 mg/L NAA+ 0.5 mg/L PP333+ 0.1 mg/L CCC+ 40 g/L sucrose for the fourth generation. After 70 d, the diameter of the plantlets’ basal part of stem, the growth coefficient and the occurrence rate was (0.26±0.06) cm, 2.13 and 100%, respectively. The pseudobulbs and roots were sent forth from rejuvenation plantlets after 60 d on the 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 g/L AC, 80 g/L banana puree, 0.1 mg/L 6-BA, 1.0 mg/L NAA and 15 g/L sucrose. The survival rate of transplant seedlings was 100%. High-efficiency regeneration system of B. striata with optimal rejuvenation condition was established.

  Combination of Organic Fertilizer N and Inorganic Fertilizer N: Environmental Safety Threshold Tian Changyu, Tang Jiwei, Li Jianhua, Zhao Bingqiang, Xu Jiukai, Lin Zhi’an 2020, 36 (22):  69-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600307 Abstract + ( 409 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 137 ) It is an important technical index for N management and environmental safety to calculate the threshold value of the combination of long-term organic fertilizer N and chemical fertilizer N with wheat-corn rotation. Based on the data of long-term positioning field experiments (2007-2017), we analyzed the change law of total output benefits of wheat and corn with time (the experiments’ results were divided into 3 periods), and calculated the most economical organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer N and the N threshold. The results showed that: (1) the average yield results of the 7th to 10th year could represented the yield effects of the combination of organic fertilizer and fertilizer; (2) the combination of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N could increase the threshold of fertilizers N; (3) the optimal fertilizer application amount of organic fertilizer N was determined by the price of organic fertilizer N, the best economic N application under the equivalent conditions of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N was when the best efficiency of the organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N each was 50%. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer N applied (cow) at the beginning of the test do not fully reflect the fertilizer efficiency; only 7 years later, it could show the combination effect of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N; the organic fertilizer N combined with chemical fertilizer N could increase the threshold of N.

  Effect of Enhanced EM Microbial Agent on the Spent Flammulina Mushroom Substrate Composting Liu Weiwei, Jin Xiao, Xin Hanxiao, Shi Qinghua, Yao Qiang, Liu Liying, Sun Zhongtao 2020, 36 (22):  78-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600342 Abstract + ( 501 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1388KB )   ( 44 ) To improve the application effect of EM microbial agent in spent mushroom substrate composting, accelerate the process of decomposition and improve the quality of the compost, an enhanced EM microbial agent was prepared by adding the cellulase and xylanase-producting strain Aspergillus niger SNH-7 and the protease-producing strain Bacillus subtilis SNK-103 to the common EM microbial agent, and its effect on spent mushroom substrate composting was studied. Results showed that the microbial metabolism was more vigorous during composting by inoculating the enhanced EM microbial agents, comparing with common EM microbial agents. The physical and chemical indexes such as temperature, pH, EC, total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, C/N, humic acid and fulvic acid content increased or decreased more greatly, which meant that the maturation process was accelerated. The GI of the finished compost increased, C/N decreased, and the contents of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total humic acid and free humic acid increased, which indicated that the compost had better biological safety and higher fertilizer efficiency. All these indicated that supplementation of high-yield strains of cellulase, xylanase and protease in EM microbial agent could accelerate the composting process of spent mushroom substrate and improve the composting quality by strengthening its ability to degrade cellulose, lignin and protein under no excipients, high C/N, and low pH.

  Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on the Accumulation of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in Rice Plant Organs Xie Guoxiong, Lou Xuping, Jiang Mingbei, Zhang Mingkui 2020, 36 (22):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600266 Abstract + ( 299 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 190 ) To assess the potential impact of atmospheric deposition on heavy metal accumulation in rice plant, several experiments were carried out in two sites with different air pollution levels. The two experiment sites were located in industrial area and rural area, respectively. For each site, non-polluted and a polluted soils were collected as experimental materials, pot rice growth experiments were carried out in both outdoor and greenhouse. The effects of atmospheric deposition on heavy metal accumulation in different organs of rice plant were evaluated based on the comparison of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As concentration between the two sites or between outdoor and greenhouse experiments. The results showed that soil was an important source of heavy metals in rice plant, and the contents of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in different organs of rice plant from the polluted soil were higher than those in the non-polluted soil. The atmospheric environment and plantation condition had a great influence on the content of heavy metals in the stem and leaf and husk of rice plant, and the content of heavy metals in the stem and leaf and husk of rice plant in the industrial zone was greater than that of rural area. The content of heavy metals in the stem and leaf and husk of rice plant in open field was higher than that in the greenhouse. No significant difference was observed in Pb, Cd, Hg, and As concentration of roots and brown rice between industrial zone and rural area, or between outdoor and greenhouse experiments, indicating that air pollution had no significantly direct effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in brown rice.

  Characteristics of Forest Fire in Liuzhou: Based on Principal Component Analysis and Clustering Analysis Lan Liuru, Liu Lei, Wu Zhenjiang 2020, 36 (22):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800540 Abstract + ( 423 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1772KB )   ( 97 ) The paper aims to provide references for prevention and forecast of forest fire in Liuzhou. Based on the forest fire data of Liuzhou from 2010 to 2017, we studied the spatio-temporal dynamic and distribution law of forest fire in Liuzhou by using conventional statistical methods, and evaluated the situation of forest fire by the methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that: (1) the occurrence of forest fires in Liuzhou had an obvious interannual fluctuation, with the highest number of forest fire in 2017, followed by 2011 and 2014; forest fire mainly concentrated in late autumn, winter and early spring; (2) in terms of spatial distribution, forest fires mainly occurred in Luzhai, Liujiang and Liucheng in south central Liuzhou, and were the most in Luzhai, causing the largest total fire burned area and affected forest area; (3) in terms of fire situation, forest fires were divided into 8 categories according to the severity, among them, the fire situation in Luzhai was severe with obvious grade fluctuation, followed by the fire situation in Liucheng, which showed a worsening trend with fluctuation. The results provide a reference for establishing the meteorological level forecast of forest fire risk in Liuzhou.

  A Rapid Identification Method of Glyphosate Resistant Transgenic Rapeseed Zhang Yaoting, Li Mei, Guo Yiming, Liu Xinhong, Wang Tonghua 2020, 36 (22):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000746 Abstract + ( 417 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1906KB )   ( 55 ) The paper aims to establish a rapid method for identifying glyphosate resistant transgenic rapeseed. In this study, glyphosate resistant transgenic lines and their segregating populations were used as research materials. Seed germination was carried out using filter paper plates with different glyphosate concentration to observe the responses of immature embryos of resistant and non-resistant materials. Resistance verification was performed by PCR and seedling glyphosate treatment. The results showed that the radicle root hair growth of the resistant material treated with 0.5-1 g/L glyphosate solution was normal, while the non-resistant material radicle growth was slow and smooth without root hair; using this concentration to treat BC1 and F2 segregating population, the isolation ratio of the traits of the young embryos fit 1:1 and 3:1, and the genomic PCR amplification results of the young embryos were co-segregated with the root hairs. The results showed that the resistant and non-resistant materials of glyphosate resistant transgenic rapeseed could be effectively distinguished by observing the presence or absence of immature root hairs after germination treatment of glyphosate at the above concentration. The identification method established in this study can not only identify glyphosate resistant transgenic rapeseed materials quickly and accurately while ensuring the survival of the materials, but also provide technical reference for the breeding and seed purity identification of glyphosate resistant transgenic rapeseed.

  Spatial Distribution Pattern of Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) at Different Stand Type Ash Trees Li Yansheng, Fu Kecong, Mei Zengxia, Li Jianqing 2020, 36 (22):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600343 Abstract + ( 250 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 123 ) Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important woodborer and severely damages ash trees, a valuable tree for garden greening in the Yellow River Delta. Studies on spatial distribution patterns of B. lineolata at different stand type ash trees are important to sample survey and control. In the paper, spatial distribution patterns of B. lineolata at five stand types’ ash tree, such as patch forest, yard greening forest, highway forest, urban road forest and yard road forest, were studied by investigating the number of frass holes, emergence holes and bored holes of B. lineolata on ash trees. By the computing aggregation index, Iwao regression equation, Taylor power index equation, the results showed that the spatial distribution patterns of B. lineolata frass holes, emergence holes and bored holes were aggregated when B. lineolata attacked at patch forest, yard greening forest, highway forest, urban road forest and yard road forest. However, the parameters of the aggregation index, the α and β value of Iwao regression equation, the lga and b value of Taylor power index equation were different.

  Forest Ecological Model on the Spider Community and Leafhopper Population in Tea Plantation Jiang Hongyan, Chen Shichun, Liu Xiang, Hu Xiang, Peng Ping, Xia Ji’an, Wang Xiaoqing 2020, 36 (22):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700439 Abstract + ( 603 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 46 ) To effectively control pests using the natural enemy spider in tea plantation, field investigations were conducted to know the dynamic change of the spider community and leafhopper population in the forest ecological model tea plantation and conventional tea plantation. The results showed that the number of spider population in the forest ecological model tea plantation was significantly higher than that in the conventional tea plantation, while the number of leafhopper population was significantly lower compared with that in the conventional tea plantation. As to spider communities, the species and the number of spiders that remained in their webs and were observed moving were similar in forest ecological model tea plantation, but spiders were mainly observed moving in conventional tea plantation. The spider species diversity index, evenness index, richness index and dominance index were higher in the forest ecological model tea plantation. The spider population had obvious phenomenon of following the leafhopper and significant control effect on leafhoppers in the forest ecological model tea plantation; while the spider populations were less than leafhopper populations in the conventional tea plantation, and the control effect in the peak of leafhopper was not obvious.

  The Formula of Acid Modified Wheat Bran Noodles Feng Jinrui, Wang Yan, Yao Huihui, Wu Weiguo, Zhao Chuanwen 2020, 36 (22):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700472 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 36 ) To improve the nutritional and health function of dried noodle products, the deep processed products of grain processing by-products are developed. Wheat bran powder modified by ultrasonic acid hydrolysis was added to flour to make acid modified wheat bran noodles. The optimum formula of acid modified wheat bran noodles was determined through single factor experiment and orthogonal test. The results showed that: based on 100 g flour, acid modified wheat bran was 6% (the percentage equivalent to the quality of flour), the amount of water, salt, sodium carbonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was 56%, 3.5%, 0.4% and 0.4%, respectively. This formula is best for the good quality, good appearance and palatability of dried noodles.

  Storage Methods Affect the Quality of Fruit Sugarcane Lu Guilong, Qiu Xiaoyu, Lian Yuzhen 2020, 36 (22):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700459 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1598KB )   ( 224 ) The changes of texture and physiological characteristics of sugarcane stored in plastic film with different thickness were studied to provide certain references for fresh-keeping of sugarcane. ‘Badila’ was used as the test material, the hardness, soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid, vitamin C, weight loss rate, stem cracking, pulp browning and mildew of sugarcane were determined in 3 storage ways, including room temperature, room temperature+ 0.02 mm plastic film and room temperature+ 0.10 mm plastic film. The results showed that the hardness, soluble solids, Vc and weight loss of sugarcane treated with room temperature+ 0.02 mm plastic film and 0.10 mm plastic film decreased slowly, titratable acid content increased slowly and the storage quality was relatively good in the first 6 weeks, then, the quality of sugarcane treated with these two ways declined rapidly; during the whole storage period, the pulp browning rate of the two treatments with plastic film was slow; and the cracking rate of the three treatments was 12.86%, 5.71% and 4.29%, respectively, at 12 weeks’ storage, but no mildew and bud germination were found. In conclusion, plastic film storage can delay the aging process of sugarcane at lower room temperature, but the thickness of the plastic film has little effect on the comprehensive quality of storage.

  Effects of 1-MCP Combined with MAP on Softening and Cell Wall Metabolism of ‘Kongxin’ Plum Dong Xiaoqing, Liu Hongtan, Zhu Shouliang, Wang Xiaohong, Chen Hong, Hu Xiaojing 2020, 36 (22):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700388 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 34 ) The objective is to explore the relationship between the fruit softening and cell wall metabolism and fruit softening regulatory mechanism of Prunus salicina ‘Kongxin’ by 1-methylcycropene (1-MCP), modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and the combination of 1-MCP and MAP, and to provide technical references for solving the problem of plum fruit softening after harvesting. With P. salicina ‘Kongxin’ fruits as experimental materials, the changes of firmness, cell wall compositions, the metabolism-related enzyme activities under 1-MCP, MAP, and 1-MCP+MAP treatment during storage at (20±1)℃ for twelve days were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) compared with control (placed directly in carton), 1-MCP, MAP and 1-MCP+MAP delayed the decrease of fruit firmness and the degradation of protopectin and cellulose, and inhibited the enzyme activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) and cellulase (Cx), the inhibitory effect of the treatment was 1-MCP+MAP>1-MCP>MAP; (2) the decrease of fruit firmness was obviously and positively correlated with the content of protopectin and cellulose, and was not consistent with the change of soluble pectin content; 1-MCP and 1-MCP+MAP treatment were negatively correlated with soluble pectin content, while the control and MAP treatment showed no significant correlation with soluble pectin content; there was a significantly negative correlation between the decrease of fruit firmness under 1-MCP, MAP, 1-MCP+MAP and control treatment with PG and PME activities, but there was a mixed relationship between the fruit firmness and Cx activity, including a significantly negative correlation in the control and MAP treatment, while no significant correlation in 1-MCP and 1-MCP+MAP treatment. The results indicated that 1-MCP combined with MAP treatment could significantly inhibit the firmness decline, the degradation of cell wall substances and the enzyme activities in the process of softening, to control the softening of P. salicina ‘Kongxin’ fruits, prolong the storage and reduce the loss after postharvest.

  The Application of Forsythosides-Lysozyme-KGM Compound Fresh-Keeping Film in Egg Preservation Xie Qian, Zhang Xiaohu, Pan Cunli 2020, 36 (22):  136-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600356 Abstract + ( 280 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2299KB )   ( 34 ) The paper aims to prolong the storage period of eggs by preparing the compound plastic film from forsythia sycophane, lysozyme, chitosan and konjac glucomannan. The effects of different concentrations of forsythia glycosides, lysozyme, chitosan and konjac glucomannan on the freshness of eggs were investigated by using egg Haugh unit and egg yolk index as the main freshness evaluation indexes. On the basis of single factor experiment, three significant influencing factors were selected, and the formula of the compound fresh-keeping film was optimized by response surface method, and the fresh-keeping of eggs was studied with Haugh unit as the response value. The results showed that phillyrin, lysozyme and konjac glucomannan had a strong inhibitory effect on egg Haugh unit. The optimum ratio of fresh-keeping film was: forsythyl glycoside concentration 1.64%, lysozyme concentration 2.10%, konjac glucomannan concentration 2.03%, chitosan concentration 1.5%. The best formula of the compound fresh-keeping film was applied to the storage of fresh eggs at 37℃ for 15 days, and the Haugh unit of eggs reached 74.86±2.31. The compound fresh-keeping film formula can be used as a technical reference for egg preservation.

  The Change Characteristics of Chroma and Chemical Components of Tobacco During Aging in Different Tobacco Areas of Yunnan Hu Yajie, Wei Jianyu, Zong Zhaohui, Chen Zepeng, Wang Jun, Huang Chongjun, Wang Hang, Wang Wei 2020, 36 (22):  143-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600318 Abstract + ( 292 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1457KB )   ( 41 ) The paper aims to study the appearance and color and intrinsic chemical substances of flue-cured tobacco lamina during the aging in different production areas of Yunnan. The differences of chromatic aberration, chroma, chemical components and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco lamina in three production areas during the aging were analyzed. It is found that the chromatic aberration of L, b and total sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine of flue-cured tobacco lamina decrease gradually during the aging, the decrease of chromatic aberration L, b, total sugar and total nitrogen of Wenshan flue-cured tobacco lamina are greater than those of Baoshan and Dali; the degradation products of reducing sugar and plastid pigment first increase and then decrease, and the peak value of Dali flue-cured tobacco lamina appears later than that of Baoshan and Wenshan; chroma value R, phenylalanine degradation product, cedar degradation products and browning products are increasing gradually, and the variation range of different production areas are: Wenshan> Baoshan> Dali. In conclusion, the appearance and color and the intrinsic chemical substances of Wenshan tobacco lamina change more during the aging, and the time required for the optimal aging period is less than that of Baoshan and Dali.

  Agricultural Environmental Monitoring System for Maize Diseases: Research and Implementation Based on the Internet of Things Hu Liang, Cao Yan, Tang Jiangyun, Liu Yongbo, Lei Bo 2020, 36 (22):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600257 Abstract + ( 278 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2989KB )   ( 59 ) In order to research and implement an environmental monitoring system for maize diseases based on the internet of things, the authors designed a four-layer framework, including the perception layer, the transport layer, the cloud platform and the application layer. In the perception layer, we collected the environmental data of maize diseases, such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, light intensity, soil temperature and moisture by using wireless sensors; in the transport layer, we used 4G mobile communication network for remote real-time transmission of data; in the cloud platform, we used database technology and cloud server technology to achieve the storage and management of data based on the breeding cooperation cloud platform of Sichuan; finally, in the application layer, we used B/S architecture technology to implement a data presentation service. The results show that this system can accurately collect, transmit and store data, reducing labor costs. Therefore, it can provide effective information service for the research on maize diseases and has a certain practical value.