Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.21 Published:25 July 2020

  Breeding and Characteristic Analysis of ‘Jizi Triticale No.9’ Zhao Pengtao, Zhao Xiaoguang, Zhai Zhouping, Luo Honglian, Li Longhua, Zhang Yaowen 2020, 36 (21):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600284 Abstract + ( 283 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 135 ) To breed new lines of triticale with good quality and high yield, the black wheat with high yield was first obtained by crossing ‘Xinong 2208’ and ‘Zhenxuan No.1’, then the F1 generation was used as male parent and crossed with good-quality common wheat ‘96(38)18-2’, finally a new line of triticale ‘Jizi Triticale No.9’ was bred. ‘Jizi Triticale No. 9’ aggregates good characteristics of three different wheat parents. The yield is about 7306.09 kg/hm2, reaching the level of production and popularization; the processing quality is up to the national standard of high quality bread wheat, the sedimentation value is 53.4 mL, wet gluten content is 35.3%, stability time is 13.6 min; the nutritional quality is good, protein content is 15.4%, and each amino acid composition is higher than that of common wheat; the trace elements of calcium, iron and zinc are higher than that of common wheat; the variety has good disease resistance, particularly high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. Thus, ‘Jizi Triticale No. 9’ has relatively high nutritional value and healthy function, and broad prospects in application and promotion.

  Summer Maize CM07 in the Areas of Huang-Huai-Hai: Heterotic Pattern and Utilization Zhang Yan, Wang Minqian, Sun Xiyun, Guo Suya 2020, 36 (21):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200096 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 35 ) To evaluate the utilization model of the tropical improved germplasm in the corn ecological area in Huang-Huai-Hai, and the interrelationships among yield component traits, F1 of CM07 hybridization with different female-parents were studied. With the variance analysis and correlation analysis, the differences among yield component traits and the differences between correlations with heterotic pattern were measured. The results showed that the differences between different treatments were extremely significant, the yield component traits of T2 were the best, the plot yield was 15.17 kg, showing that Zheng 58 ×CM07 had the strongest special combining ability. The maximum coefficient of variation of bald tip length was 180.47, indicating that bald tip length was controlled by multiple genes. The relationship between the yield and various yield components were ranked as ear length > kernels per row > ear diameter > 100-kernel weight > rows per ear > moisture content > bald tip length, and the correlation between ear length, kernels per row and yield was extremely significant and positive, and the correlation between the bald tip length and yield was significantly negative. The best heterotic pattern of CM07 was P series × CM07, which was significantly correlated compared with other patterns, followed by Reid ×CM07, and Luda × CM07 was the worst. We should pay attention to the effect of bald tip length on yield when we utilize the tropical improved germplasm CM07, which can provide a theoretical basis for the heterotic pattern utilization of CM07 in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area.

  High-yield and Stability of Maize Varieties in Regional Test: Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation Meng Jingjiao, Chen Baicui, Li Yancong, Liu Tingting, Yang Jiming 2020, 36 (21):  11-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600242 Abstract + ( 287 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 66 ) The paper aims to accurately select and introduce new hybrid maize varieties with prominent high-yield and stability, and to explore the necessity and reference value of the analysis of high-yield and stability of variety in the same ecological region. We analyzed the high-yield and stability of the tested varieties in regional test (middle altitude group) of Maize Consortium of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Baoshan during 2017-2018, by the methods of variation coefficient (CV), well-posed parameter (a), regression coefficient (b) and high stability coefficient (HSC). The results of different methods were partially different. By comprehensive analysis, the high-yield and stability of ‘Zhaohuang 10’ and ‘Baoyu 16’ were outstanding, and ‘Jingdu 1’ and ‘Chudan 1404’ also had high-yield and good stability, thus the 4 varieties were suitable for planting and promotion in the middle-altitude area of Baoshan. In conclusion, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, so the comprehensive assessment by using different methods can objectively reflect the high-yield and stability of new varieties. It is necessary to apply the analysis for high-yield and stability of variety in the same ecological region, which has certain guiding significance for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of seed selection and introduction.

  Millet in Semiarid Region of Hinggan League: Suitable Planting Areas and Growth Characters of Different Sowing Time Gao Chunxiang, Yang Yuhui 2020, 36 (21):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100040 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 44 ) To further master the growth and development characteristics of millet in the semi-arid region of Hinggan League, and find out suitable sowing areas and sowing period to guide scientific breeding and production, In this study, millet variety ‘Dajinmiao’ mainly planted in the semi-arid areas of Hinggan League was used as the experimental material, and 10 stage sowing experiments were carried out in three plots, respectively in the central, southern and eastern Hinggan League. The results showed that the fertility days were shortened along with the extension of the sowing period, and the fertility period in Tuquan County was shortened by 56 days. According to the physiological characteristics of ‘dajinmiao’, Tuquan County was more suitable for planting. The number of growth days varied with the delay of sowing time. The sowing period mainly affected the three leaves-jointing stage and the heading-milk ripening stage, which were the key periods for the growth and development of millet in Hinggan League. The planting period before and after June 5 could make full use of the heat during the growth period and meet the needs of scientifically planting millet. The sowing periods had different effects on the average fresh weight per plant, average dry weight per plant, average panicle length per plant and theoretical yield of millet. Sowing on May 29 and June 5 could achieve relatively high yield, and earlier or late sowing could reduce the yield.

  Colored Peanut in Sichuan: The Planting Period of Double Cropping System Li Shuang, Hou Rui, Zhang Xiaojun, Zhang Xiaohong, Yue Fuliang, Li Wenjun, Xu Yongju, Liu Xing, Zhang Xiangqiong 2020, 36 (21):  25-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500213 Abstract + ( 543 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1756KB )   ( 69 ) To solve the slow breeding of new peanut cultivars and short supply period of fresh peanut in Sichuan, we studied the feasibility of double cropping. Three colored peanut cultivars ‘Shuhua 1 (SH1)’, ‘Shucaihua 1(SCH1)’, ‘Shucaihua 2(SCH2)’ were used as materials to study the growth, development, yield-related characters and propagation coefficient of cultivars sown in different months in Renhe experimental base of western Panzhihua, Sichuan. The results showed that the cultivars achieved their maximum yield with different planting periods, but the difference of the planting periods was not significant. The planting period had a significant impact on growth and yield traits of all cultivars. There was a first increase then decrease tendency of emergence rate, mature strain height, single plant pod number and the propagation coefficient of cultivars sown from January to September, while the growth period had an opposite tendency. Due to the low temperature, no pod was produced by all the three cultivars sown from October to November. Further analysis showed that the single-season breeding coefficient of ‘SCH1’ sown in May was the highest. The weighted average calculation results showed that the annual reproduction coefficient of ‘SH1’ and ‘SCH2’ sown in March was the highest and that of ‘SCH1’ sowed in January was the highest, which were the best for double cropping. In conclusion, double cropping is feasible in western Panzhihua of Sichuan, especially for cultivars with short-growth period, and double cropping system can extend the supply period of fresh peanut, and provide the possibility for rapid propagation of new local peanut cultivars.

  Nanomaterials: Effects on Seed Germination and Growth and Development of Crop Xue Lin, Sun Yutong, Sheng Mingyue, Ni Hongtao 2020, 36 (21):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200087 Abstract + ( 477 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 131 ) At present, nanomaterials are widely used in agriculture and other fields. This paper aims to study the effects of nanomaterials on seed germination and growth and development of crop, and analyze the promoting and inhibiting effects of nanomaterials on seed germination and seedling growth and other growth. The effects of nanomaterials on crop growth and development were summarized, including breaking seed dormancy, promoting seed metabolism, affecting nutrient absorption, affecting net photosynthetic rate and water utilization rate, affecting plant stress resistance and inducing plant toxicity. It is pointed out that the interaction between nanomaterials and plants is a complex process. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction between nanomaterials and plants depends on the physicochemical properties and treatment concentration of nanomaterials, type and growth stage of plant, and environmental factors such as medium and light intensity. It is suggested that further study should be focus on the mechanism of interaction between nanomaterials and plants, establishing a scientific evaluation system fully reflecting the effect of nanomaterials on plant, and strengthening the application research of nanomaterials in agricultural resources and environment, in order to make nanomaterials play a good role in sustainable agriculture.

  Salt and Alkali Tolerance Regional Test of Crabapple Clones Hu Dingmeng, Xu Jingwei, Wang Lihui, Dun Xingjian, Zhu Shengxiang 2020, 36 (21):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200081 Abstract + ( 365 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 27 ) Container seedlings of two-year-old excellent crabapple clones were tested in Binzhou, Dongying and Weifang respectively for selecting and breeding of salt and alkali resistant crabapple varieties. Resistance and adaptability were evaluated by phenology, morphological index observation and growth measurement. It was showed that in the three regional test sites, the phenological periods of seven crabapple clones (‘Aoshuang’, ‘Gaochuan’, ‘Naixin’, ‘Nasilu’, ‘Aoyunhong’, ‘Airuisi’, ‘Leilihong’) were similar, but slightly different with the location of regional test sites. The phenological period in Lize town in Binzhou economic development zone was the earliest, followed by that in Gudao Dongying, and that in Weizi Changyi was the latest; early flowering crabapple strains were ‘Naixin’, ‘Nasilu’, ‘Airuisi’, and M. micromalus; flowering periods of other crabapple clones were longer than ‘Gaochuan’ and ‘Aoyunhong’; fruits of every crabapple strains were persistent except ‘Aoshuang’ and M. micromalus. Growth, adaptability, stress resistance, and pest and disease resistance of the seven crabapple clones were significantly better than those of the control (Malus ‘Radiant’ and M. micromalus). Growth of ‘Airuisi’ was the largest, followed by that of ‘Gaochuan’. The seven crabapple clones that were measured in the regional test have good ornamental effect, strong salt and alkali resistance, fast growth and etc., so they are suitable for popularization and application in the Shandong coastal saline alkali land and the area with similar conditions.

  Regeneration System of Pumpkin: Two Establishment Methods Min Ziyang, Han Xiaoxia, Li Yongqi, Hu Xinjun 2020, 36 (21):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500172 Abstract + ( 304 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 46 ) To establish different regeneration systems of pumpkin, the cotyledon nodes of pumpkin seeds and two-day ovaries after pollination of ‘daguo miben’ were used as explants to study the two regeneration pathways of callus and embryoid development. The result showed that, in the process of callus development, 3% Naclo solution for 15 minutes was the best way to sterilize callus, MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA was the best medium to induce cluster bud formation, MS+0.2 mg/L NAA was the best medium to induce single bud seedling formation. Both MS+4.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA and MS+0.06 mg/L TDZ could effectively induce the formation of pumpkin embryoid, and MS medium was the most helpful for embryoid seedling formation. In this study, the two developmental pathways (callus and embryoid) were successfully established for regeneration systems of pumpkin.

  Fungi with Corn Straw Decomposing Characterization at Low-temperature: Screening and Application in Straw Returning Field Huang Yali, Huang YuanYuan, Ma Huiyuan, Xu Bingxue, Jia Zhenhua, Song Shuishan, Li Zaixing, Jia Suqiao 2020, 36 (21):  53-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200102 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1632KB )   ( 67 ) The aim of this study is to screen the fungi with straw degradation characterization at low temperature and to determine the application effect of these strains in the wheat-maize double cropping areas of northern Huanghuaihai. Straw degradation fungi were screened by Cellulose sodium-Congo red medium and liquid straw medium at 16℃. Morphological and molecular biological methods were used to identify the strains. Sandbag method and field plot test were used to determine the straw degradation ability of the strains. A low temperature straw degradation fungus named as SDF-31 was screened and identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The degradation rate of this strain was 43.89% and 56.73% respectively at 15 and 45 days after inoculation, significantly higher than that of the normal temperature inoculants and control. The original fiber structure of straw treated by SDF-31 was highly broken and a large number of fiber fragments were produced. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of treatment SDF-31 were significantly higher than those of normal temperature inoculants and control. The content of available potassium and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen of treatment SDF-31 were 17.00% and 5.12% higher than that of normal temperature inoculants, 25.53% and 15.09% higher than that of control respectively. A strain of T. longibrachiatum SDF-31 with low temperature straw degradation is screened, and the research provides strain resources for straw returning at autumn and winter in northern Huanghuaihai.

  C/N Ratio: Effect on Composting of Mixtures of Chicken Manure and Bagasse in Tropical Areas Huang Yanyan, Yang Xu, Yang Hongzhu, Bei Meirong, Cha Zhengzao, Luo Wei, Lin Qinghuo 2020, 36 (21):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500084 Abstract + ( 328 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 49 ) This study aims to investigate the effect of different C/N ratios on composting process of chicken manure and bagasse in tropical area, find the optimum C/N ratio, and optimize the composting parameters. The aerobic composting was used in this study, the effect of different C/N ratios on physical-chemical indexes, e.g. temperature, NH3 volatilization, content of total nutrients and maturity were studied, and the composting effect of chicken manure and bagasse under different C/N ratios was explored. Results showed that the duration time of high composting temperature (>50℃) of different C/N ratios, which was 20 (T1), 30 (T2) and 40 (T3) respectively, was 38, 32 and 20 d. The cumulative volatilization of NH3 in T1 treatment was significantly higher than those of the other two treatments. The volatilization rate of NH3 in T2 treatment was the fastest in the first week, indicated that the degradation rate of organic matter was the fastest. The content of OM was increased followed the increase of C/N ratio. Contrarily, total nutrient content of NPK were decreased. The OM, pH, NPK total nutrient, GI and NH4+content of C/N ratio in T2 and T3 treatment reached the composting standards, while the content of OM and NH4+ from C/N ratio in T1 treatment did not meet the standards at the end of composting. Taken together, the treatment of 30 C/N ratio is the best for aerobic composting in the study.

  Composite Microbial System GF-20 Degrading Corn Stalk: Powder Formulation and Degradation Effect Wang Zhen, Yu Xiaofang, Gao Julin, Qinggeer , Hu Shuping, Han Shengcai, Naoganchaolu 2020, 36 (21):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600357 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1570KB )   ( 34 ) The study aims at revealing the effect of different formulations on the activities of composite microbial system GF-20, and improving its storage stability and the convenient application. The composite microbial system GF-20 was used as research object to study the effect of carriers and capacity on biocompatibility with the method of filter strip, and weight-loss method was used to test the stalk degradation of powder product. The results showed that, the powder with diatomite as carrier had the highest ability of filter paper degradation. Further research showed that the optimum capacity of carrier was 2:1 (volume of GF-20: weight of carrier, mL: g). The product prepared with such formulation showed 9.5% higher degradation percentage of corn stalk than that of control under low-temperature (10℃), and there was significant difference between them. Under microscope, significant incision and breakage were observed on stalk epidermis treated with dustable powder. These results indicate that GF-20 powder has good ability of corn stalk degradation under low temperature, and it could improve the corn stalk degradation rate in northern cold region of China.

  The Correlation Between Phytoplankton Community and Water Environment in Autumn in Shihoudian Lake Qi Yankai, Li Dandan, Chen Xi, Guo Nannan, Qiu Liping, Dong Yuanyuan, Meng Shunlong, Chen Jiazhang 2020, 36 (21):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200137 Abstract + ( 256 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1531KB )   ( 65 ) To fully understand the community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors, the species similarity index, evenness index and diversity index were used to analyze the community structure characteristics of phytoplankton in fall of Shihoudian Lake. The results show that 99 species of algae were detected, which belong to 6 phylums including Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta and Pyrophyta, in the fall of the same year. The number of phytoplankton varies from 3.68×107 to 8.22×107cells/L. The biomass of phytoplankton ranges from 18.96 mg/L to 200.9 mg/L. The similarity index varies from 0.26 to 0.52, which is between slight and moderate similarities, with low similarity. The values of dominance analysis range from 0.07 to 0.31 in phytoplankton, which means that the dominance of phytoplankton is low, and there are various phytoplankton species. The results of diversity and evenness analysis are between 4.05-4.82 and 0.7-0.85, indicating that the community structure of phytoplankton is relatively stable in autumn. The water quality test results show that the value of TLI is between mild and moderate eutrophication. Correlation analysis shows that the environmental factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus affect the change of phytoplankton community structure. In autumn, the water body of Shihoudian Lake is moderately eutrophic, the community structure of phytoplankton is relatively stable, and the main nutrient elements of nitrogen and phosphorus have a greater impact on the changes of community structure of phytoplankton.

  Different Economic Forest Modes in Quartz Sandy Soil from Granite Parent in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: Soil Nutrient Characteristics Wang Xiaorong, Hu Wenjie, Pan Lei, Fu Tian, Cui Hongxia, Tang Wanpeng, Luo Lei, Xin Haijing 2020, 36 (21):  82-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500150 Abstract + ( 355 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 45 ) The paper aims to understand the soil nutrient status of different economic forest modes in quartz sandy soil from granite parent in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. We studied the characteristics of soil pH value, organic matter, the total and available nutrient contents of conventionally managed citrus orchard, tea garden, Castanea mollissima forest and precisely managed citrus orchard, and conducted comprehensive evaluation of soil quality by using principal component analysis. The results showed that: except soil pH value, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium varied widely as medium variation; with the increase of soil layers, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in different economic forest modes showed a decreasing trend, while the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium changed irregularly; the principal component analysis exhibited that soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium played a major role in soil quality, and the comprehensive ranking of soil nutrients was shown as precisely managed citrus orchard>conventionally managed citrus orchard>Castanea mollissima forest>tea garden. Therefore, the combination of biological measures and precise management measures can effectively improve the soil quality of economic forests in quartz sandy soil from granite parent in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

  Biological Weeding in Abandoned Land: Effect and Its Influence on Soil Fertility Li Yan, Luo Youjin, Yu Duan, Ma Lianjie, Zhang Hui, Liao Dunxiu 2020, 36 (21):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500217 Abstract + ( 415 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 37 ) As an effective weeding method, biological weeding has many advantages. The change law of weeds and the soil fertility after biological weeding are studied to provide technical support for the development of ecological agriculture. In the localized experiment, overgrazing experiment in abandoned land was conducted in different seasons by setting up different bio-combination modes. The weed species, the weed biomass and the soil properties before and after weeding were analyzed, and the easy and efficient weeding mode was screened. The results showed that the weeding effect of chicken in dry land in spring and the weeding effect of goose in paddy field in winter were affected by stocking density, and the herbicidal effect of goose+chicken combination mode was better than any single mode. The contents of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil increased after the weeding of chickens in the dry land and geese in paddy field, but the increasing amount varied from different seasons, while the pH value decreased. Applying the weeding of goose+chicken combination mode in dry land and paddy fields, all the nutrients’ content increased except pH value. The use of poultry to weed the wasteland can not only achieve the purpose of weeding, but also improve the soil fertility level to a certain extent, but attention should be paid to the soil pH reduction caused by manure decomposing.

  Cloning and Functional Analysis of Wheat TaPLD-2 Gene Song Shaoshuai, Wu Fan, Liu Huiwen, He Xiaoyan, Mu Ping 2020, 36 (21):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500215 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 41 ) The study aims to find new salt-tolerant genes and breed new salt-tolerant varieties. 23 wheat varieties were used as materials to clone and sequence polymorphisms of TaPLD-2 gene, and TaPLD-2 gene expression patterns in response to salt stress was studied. The results showed that the full-length coding frame of TaPLD-2 gene was 1301 bp, located on the 2DS chromosome, and the protein was a hydrophilic protein and located in cytoplasm. The protein had no transmembrane region and belonged to the soluble NAD (P) (H) oxidoreductase family. The TaPLD-2 gene was induced to up-regulated expression by salt stress, and the expression level was 1.8 times that of the control group at 24 h after salt stress, and reached the highest at 48 h, which was 5 times that of the control group. The analysis result showed that the SNP loci had some relevance to relative root length, relative plant height, and K+ and Na+ contents of salt-treated plants.

  Acetic Acid Addition: Effects on the Production of 2,3-butanediol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yang Zhiyu, Tong Tianqi, Liu Lei, Ping Wenxiang, Ge Jingping 2020, 36 (21):  104-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500171 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1739KB )   ( 28 ) To verify the role of acetic acid as a signal molecule, the supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae W141 (the control group) and W141-07 (△aldh6), as well as 1.5 g/L acetic acid were added into S. cerevisiae W141 fermentation broth at the logarithmic phase. The content of 2,3- butanediol(2,3-BD), the activity of acetolactate synthase (ILV2) and 2,3-BD dehydrogenase (BDH1) were detected. The results showed that under the condition of 1.5 g/L acetic acid, the content of 2,3-BD, the ILV2 and BDH1 enzyme activities reached the highest value, which were 3.01±0.04 g/L, 1.41±0.03 U/mg and 0.12±0.002 U/mg, respectively. The acetic acid addition group was significantly higher than those of supernatant addition groups (P<0.01). At the same time, the expressions of ilv2 (24 h) and bdh1 (60 h) genes under the three conditions were determined. After adding W141-07 supernatant, the expression levels of ilv2 and bdh1 genes were down-regulated by 31.6% and 25.0%, respectively. After adding acetic acid with a final concentration 1.5 g/L, the expression levels of ilv2 and bdh1 were up-regulated, which were 4.38 and 1.24 times that of the control, respectively. These results indicate that acetic acid can act as a signal molecule to drive the expression of related genes, thus to improve 2,3-BD production.

  NAA/6BA Ratio at Different Concentrations: Effects on Shoot Tip Culture Characteristics of Different Sweet Potato Varieties Tang Lixue, Du Jinhui, Shi Chunyu, Liu Hongjuan, Meng Di, Liu Huaxue, Yan Kai, Kang Xinyuan 2020, 36 (21):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600271 Abstract + ( 929 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 43 ) To determine the best NAA/6BA ratio for shoot tip culture of different varieties of sweet potato, we set up NAA/6BA ratio at 3 concentrations (0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L), and studied the effects of different hormone treatments on the shoot tip culture seedling rate, callus diameter, adventitious root number, leaf number and plant height of ‘Beijing 553’, ‘Hongxiangjiao’, ‘Sushu 8’, ‘Yanshu 25’, ‘Anjiyu’, ‘Jixu 23’, ‘Yuzi 7’, ‘Shangshu 19’, at the same time, investigated the transplant survival rate of test-tube plantlets of different varieties. The results showed that: the culture efficiency of ‘Hongxiangjiao’, ‘Jixu 23’, ‘Yuzi 7’ and ‘Shangshu 19’ was the highest under the treatment of 0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L, that of ‘Anjiyu’ was the highest under the treatment of 0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L, and that of ‘Sushu 8’, ‘Beijing 553’ and ‘Yanshu 25’ was the highest under the treatment of 0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L. In the process of shoot tip culture of sweet potatoes, there are significant differences of the appropriate ratio of NAA/6BA among different varieties, and the dosage and proportion of hormones should be adjusted according to the characteristics of the varieties in practical production.

  Lignocellulose Degradation Strains with High-temperature Resistance: Isolation, Screening, Identification and Degradation Process Liu Xinwu, Zhang Wei, Ma Lingling, Lv Xin 2020, 36 (21):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600244 Abstract + ( 321 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1682KB )   ( 377 ) This study aims at screening out the bacterial strains with higher lignocellulolytic degradation enzyme activity under high temperature, and to explore the characteristics of straw lignocellulose degradation by bacterial strain. Soil samples were collected around forest hot spring in Mount Taibai and were used for enrichment culture at high temperature. The target strains were selected by decolorization circle method and colorimetric method. The types of strains were identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The activities of cellulase, laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were determined. The results showed that the cellulase activity of X-08 strain was 0.02872 U/mL, and the activity of MnP, LiP and Lac in M-17 strain was 51 U/mL, 672 U/mL and 192 U/mL, respectively. The X-08 strain was identified as Anoxybacillus rupiensis and M-17 strain was Geobacillus thermocatenulatus. With double bacteria degradation, the degradation rate of lignin and cellulose was 24.51% and 20.47% respectively after 20 days. The results could provide new bacterial resources for the biodegradation of agricultural waste, and a new idea for the degradation of lignocellulose in straw.

  Application of Formula Feed in Intensive Culture Modes of Mastacembelus Aculeatus with Different Stocking Densities Zhang Kun, Fan Haiping, Qiu Manli, Zhang Jiaonan, Hu Bing, Xue Linzhan, Chen Bin, Zhong Quanfu 2020, 36 (21):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600264 Abstract + ( 292 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 79 ) The objective is to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance and ingestion behavior of Mastacembelus aculeatus. 310-day single-factor intensive test in cement pit was used to compare the growth performance and characteristics of Mastacembelus aculeatus at the initial density of 657.52 g/m3 (group A) and 1177.27 g/m3 (group B). The results showed a negative correlation between growth characteristics and stocking density, the weight gain rate (WGR), special growth rate (SGR), fatness and survival rate of group A were higher than those of group B, while the feed conversion rate (FCR) and yield per unit area were 13.82% and 30.77% lower than that of group B. The body length of group A and B were power function related to body weight, and the relationship was W=0.0028L3.041 and W=0.0049L2.953 respectively, which indicated that they had equal growth rate. The body length and body weight were correlated with breeding days by multiple function, which were L=-8×10-5d2+0.07758d+13.059, W=-2×10-6d3+0.0011d2+0.1369d+7.2355 in group A, L=-6×10-5d2+0.062d+12.379, W=-2×10-6d3+0.001d2+0.1031d+6.8031 in group B. The condition was suitable for large-scale production of Mastacembelus aculeatus. We should refine the stocking density and find the relationship between the best yield and feed utilization, to obtain the highest benefit.

  Temperature and pH: Effect on the Elimination Rule of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Fishery Lower Water Bodies Huang Zhuyu, Fang Longxiang, Song Chao, Mussa Ramadhan Said, Yang Guang, Li Tian, Chen Jiazhang 2020, 36 (21):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100022 Abstract + ( 737 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 166 ) The aim is to investigate the elimination patterns of enrofloxacin in the lower water column of the fishery and the production of the metabolite ciprofloxacin, since antibiotics entering the water column are prone to accumulate in the lower water column or in the substrate sediment, and cause adverse effects on aquatic life. Common environmental factors (temperature and pH) in the fishery water were selected for the experiment, and effects of these two environmental factors on the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) in aqueous humor were investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with orthogonal experiments, and the production and changes of the metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) were detected. The experimental results showed that the half-life variation of ENR in the nine treatment groups ranged from 13 to 32 d and the elimination rate ranged from 44% to 80%. Root ANOVA knots showed that pH changes had a significant effect on the degradation of enrofloxacin, while temperature changes did not have a significant effect, with the highest elimination rate of enrofloxacin at 25°C and pH 5. In addition, the production of ciprofloxacin was detected during the experiment, which reached the highest concentration (10.8 ng/mL) at pH 5 and 25°C on day 7 from the beginning of the experiment, and then gradually decreased to the concentration 0-0.16 ng/mL on day 26. This study clarifies the influence of environmental factors on enrofloxacin degradation and provides some theoretical guidance for reducing enrofloxacin residues in aquaculture environment.

  Influencing Factors of Early Embryos Development of Cattle-cow in Vitro Fertilization Zhang Liping, Lin Zhengyun, Zheng Xinmin, Hua Zaidong, Xiao Hongwei, Bi Yanzhen 2020, 36 (21):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000767 Abstract + ( 488 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 55 ) To establish a set of cattle-cow IVF embryo preparing system in laboratory and provide convenient sources and simple materials for IVF embryo research, several aspects such as ovarian treatment, sperm treatment and the culture conditions of fertilized eggs were optimized. The results showed that ovaries washed with increasing temperature (25℃, 30℃, 35℃, 39℃) had buffer effects on the oocytes, and higher proportion of A-COCs and matured oocytes were obtained compared with that of washing ovaries directly with 25℃ and 39℃ normal saline, and the difference was significant, but there was no significant difference with the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. After blowing sperm gently with pipette, the fertilized oocytes and cleavage rate were significantly increased. Culture method had a certain effect on the early development of IVF embryo. The results showed that the hatching blastocysts could be obtained by in vitro fertilization of the mature cattle oocytes and the frozen spermatozoa of the high-yield dairy cows, which are treated with the pipette and blown repeatedly and the fertilized eggs are placed in a five-hole plate for IVF embryo culture in vitro.

  Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture: Effects on Performance, Muscle Quality and Intestinal Microorganisms of Fattening Pig Zheng Wenyong, Yang Tao, Li Shuangquan, Lv Changxu, Shi Min, Ma Libao, Yan Xianghua 2020, 36 (21):  145-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600268 Abstract + ( 468 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2139KB )   ( 58 ) The purpose is to investigate the effects of the addition of new S. cerevisiae culture (YCB) in the diet on the performance, muscle quality and intestinal microbes of fattening pigs. 440 healthy three-way hybrid (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshine) fattening pigs with an initial body weight of (61.49±0.36 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups. The basal diet with no S. cerevisiae culture was test group I, adding 2.5% traditional yeast culture (YCA) was test group II, adding 2.5% new yeast culture (YCB) was test group III, and adding 5% YCB was test group IV. The test period was 60 days. The results showed that: (1) the addition of YCA and YCB in the basic diet improved the average daily gain and feed utilization rate of the fattening pigs, and the feed-weight ratio of the test IV group was the lowest, but no significant difference was shown (P >0.05); (2) compared with the test group I, the muscle drip loss rate and shear force in the test group II, III and IV were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and they were the lowest in the test group IV; compared with the test group I, the intramuscular fat in the test group II, III and IV increased by 2.8%, 6.7%, and 6.9%, respectively, but the differences were not significant; transmission electron microscopy revealed that the fibrillin protein in the test group II and IV was slightly degraded, and the myofibrillar proteins in the test group I and III were significantly degraded; (3) the abundance of genus Fibrinolytics such as Ruminococcus, Treponema, and Staphylococcus was increased in the feces of group III and IV, and lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enhanced (P<0.05), to improve bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. In summary, the addition of YCB to the fattening pig production can improve the performance and muscle quality of the fattening pigs. By regulating the intestinal microbes and then affecting the body metabolism, the suitable addition amount in the production is 5%.

  Prevention and Control of Potato Late Blight: Research Progress Li Changyin, Hu Chengxiao, Ni Gang, Zhao Xiaohu 2020, 36 (21):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100013 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 70 ) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a very important food crop in world food production system, and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is one of the most threatening fungal disease in potato production. To know well about the prevention and control measures of potato late blight, and to achieve high yield, we firstly introduced potato late blight disease pathogen as well as its pathogenesis briefly, and then summarized the major prevention measures of potato late blight, including chemical control measures, biological control measures, ecological control measures, etc. On this basis, we analyzed the application of various prevention and control measures in the future, according to the advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study is to review the current situation of the prevention and control of the potato late blight, and provide useful information for developing new measures.

  Research on the Development of Agricultural Producer Service Industry in Mountainous Area Based on Multi-subject Collaborative Supply Xun Ge, Zhu Yuhan, Tao Li 2020, 36 (21):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600252 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 64 ) The development of China’s agricultural producer service industry has certain periodical features and regional characteristics. At present, the development of China's agricultural producer service is in its primary stage, especially, that of the mountainous areas in the central and western regions. We explained the main participation mechanism of agricultural productive service industry, and concluded that the market participants in the agricultural production service industry were not motivated, the government’s input was limited, and the participation of social entities was insufficient. We believe that giving full play to the role of various service entities and effectively organizing various resources is the key to promote the healthy development of regional agricultural productive service industries. To make up for the disadvantages of mountainous areas, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of various new service subjects, establish a synergy mechanism, enhance effective guidance from the government, cultivate talents in agricultural service industries, and create a favorable collaborative supply environment.