Endosperm Cell Related-traits in Maize Grains: Heterosis Research

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0176

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the causes of the phenomenon of grain weight heterosis in maize, the number and size of endosperm cells in maize grains were studied. Maize varieties ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Xianyu 335’ and their parents served as experimental materials for analyzing the heterosis relationship between hybrid and parents of grain weight, endosperm cell number and area. The results showed that the mid-parent heterosis of the endosperm number of ‘Xianyu 335’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was 40.81% and 36.03%, and the over-parent heterosis was 33.09% and 23.82%, respectively. The mid-parent heterosis of 100-grain weight of ‘Xianyu 335’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was 27.22% and 28.89%, and the over-parent heterosis was 19.72% and 18.34%, respectively. However, the mid-parent heterosis of endosperm cell area of ‘Xianyu 335’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was -44.42% and -24.79%, and the over-parent heterosis was -45.75% and -37.30%, respectively. The endosperm cell number was positively correlated with the grain weight, and the correlation coefficient was 0.796. In summary, the number of endosperm cells of the maize hybrid is more than that of their parents, which is the main reason for heterosis of grain weight. Selecting the inbred lines with large number of endosperm cells can effectively increase the grain weight of the hybrid in the hybrid combinations.

Key words: maize, hybrid, endosperm cell number, endosperm cell aera, heterosis

CHEN Zhe, SUN Xiaoyan, HE Wencun, WANG Anqi, SUN Aiqing, ZHAO Linmao, ZHANG Chunqing, WU Chenglai. Endosperm Cell Related-traits in Maize Grains: Heterosis Research[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(12): 9-14.

Figures/Tables 9

References 32

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年份	材料	系数			R²	t_max_.G/d	G_max/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	W_max_G/ [g/(100·kernel)]	G/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	D/d
年份	材料	a	b	k	R²	t_max_.G/d	G_max/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	W_max_G/ [g/(100·kernel)]	G/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	D/d
2021	PH4CV	35.714	34.499	0.123	0.982	29	1.098	17.857	0.732	49
	PH6WC	27.816	163.321	0.247	0.981	21	1.717	13.908	1.145	24
	先玉335	31.179	107.814	0.216	0.995	22	1.684	15.590	1.122	28
	昌7-2	25.095	51.192	0.185	0.984	21	1.158	12.548	0.772	32
	郑58	32.049	49.450	0.148	0.993	26	1.189	16.025	0.793	40
	郑单958	30.002	85.534	0.190	0.993	23	1.425	15.001	0.950	32
2020	PH4CV	25.450	36.815	0.146	0.995	25	0.927	12.725	0.618	41
	PH6WC	24.775	28.299	0.143	0.979	23	0.884	12.388	0.589	42
	先玉335	32.615	51.594	0.173	0.978	23	1.411	16.308	0.940	35
	昌7-2	21.568	40.693	0.175	0.997	21	0.942	10.784	0.628	34
	郑58	26.218	106.041	0.194	0.986	24	1.270	13.109	0.847	31
	郑单958	27.515	103.498	0.211	0.971	22	1.451	13.758	0.968	28

年份	材料	系数			R²	t_max_.G/d	G_max/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	W_max_G/ [g/(100·kernel)]	G/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	D/d
年份	材料	a	b	k	R²	t_max_.G/d	G_max/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	W_max_G/ [g/(100·kernel)]	G/ [g/(100·kernel·d)]	D/d
2021	PH4CV	35.714	34.499	0.123	0.982	29	1.098	17.857	0.732	49
	PH6WC	27.816	163.321	0.247	0.981	21	1.717	13.908	1.145	24
	先玉335	31.179	107.814	0.216	0.995	22	1.684	15.590	1.122	28
	昌7-2	25.095	51.192	0.185	0.984	21	1.158	12.548	0.772	32
	郑58	32.049	49.450	0.148	0.993	26	1.189	16.025	0.793	40
	郑单958	30.002	85.534	0.190	0.993	23	1.425	15.001	0.950	32
2020	PH4CV	25.450	36.815	0.146	0.995	25	0.927	12.725	0.618	41
	PH6WC	24.775	28.299	0.143	0.979	23	0.884	12.388	0.589	42
	先玉335	32.615	51.594	0.173	0.978	23	1.411	16.308	0.940	35
	昌7-2	21.568	40.693	0.175	0.997	21	0.942	10.784	0.628	34
	郑58	26.218	106.041	0.194	0.986	24	1.270	13.109	0.847	31
	郑单958	27.515	103.498	0.211	0.971	22	1.451	13.758	0.968	28

年份	材料名	穗行数/行	行粒数/粒	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g	材料名	穗行数/行	行粒数/粒	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g
2020年	先玉335	16	33	528	34.6	郑单958	14	27	378	35.5
	PH4CV	16	24	384	30.6	昌7-2	12	21	252	22.7
	PH6WC	10	14	140	22.8	郑58	12	17	204	32.0
2021年	先玉335	16	37	592	31.4	郑单958	16	33	528	29.8
	PH4CV	14	23	322	28.5	昌7-2	12	13	156	24.4
	PH6WC	14	19	266	26.0	郑58	14	19	266	27.3
2022年	先玉335	16	37	592	34.4	郑单958	16	38	608	37.5
	PH4CV	14	23	322	25.4	昌7-2	12	16	192	25.2
	PH6WC	12	22	264	25.0	郑58	12	26	312	27.8
平均	中亲优势/%	20.15	71.44	110.03	27.22	中亲优势/%	24.36	76.44	120.38	28.89
平均	超亲优势/%	9.52	53.08	78.59	19.72	超亲优势/%	21.43	49.47	84.71	18.34

年份	材料名	穗行数/行	行粒数/粒	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g	材料名	穗行数/行	行粒数/粒	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g
2020年	先玉335	16	33	528	34.6	郑单958	14	27	378	35.5
	PH4CV	16	24	384	30.6	昌7-2	12	21	252	22.7
	PH6WC	10	14	140	22.8	郑58	12	17	204	32.0
2021年	先玉335	16	37	592	31.4	郑单958	16	33	528	29.8
	PH4CV	14	23	322	28.5	昌7-2	12	13	156	24.4
	PH6WC	14	19	266	26.0	郑58	14	19	266	27.3
2022年	先玉335	16	37	592	34.4	郑单958	16	38	608	37.5
	PH4CV	14	23	322	25.4	昌7-2	12	16	192	25.2
	PH6WC	12	22	264	25.0	郑58	12	26	312	27.8
平均	中亲优势/%	20.15	71.44	110.03	27.22	中亲优势/%	24.36	76.44	120.38	28.89
平均	超亲优势/%	9.52	53.08	78.59	19.72	超亲优势/%	21.43	49.47	84.71	18.34

年份	材料名	胚乳细胞数目/个	胚乳细胞面积/μm²	材料名	胚乳细胞数目/个	胚乳细胞面积/μm²
2020年	先玉335	984941	15492.44	郑单958	1163925	16940.80
	PH4CV	704849	20372.34	昌7-2	594819	17232.49
	PH6WC	567551	21041.89	郑58	865297	11858.59
2021年	先玉335	809296	16175.55	郑单958	780354	17803.18
	PH4CV	632338	19686.38	昌7-2	689619	21781.45
	PH6WC	563517	18580.06	郑58	720372	15942.69
2022年	先玉335	783342	13097.46	郑单958	839334	14377.74
	PH4CV	588987	16579.24	昌7-2	564222	17875.51
	PH6WC	595448	18853.29	郑58	652516	15948.78
平均	中亲优势/%	40.81	-44.42	中亲优势/%	36.03	-24.79
平均	超亲优势/%	33.09	-45.75	超亲优势/%	23.82	-37.30