Abstract:

With the intensification of global climate change and land salinization, improving the ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to grow in saline and alkaline environments has become a key challenge for agricultural production. The realization of the strategy of " the adaptation of germplasm to land " requires a deep understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of rice, then breeding improvement on this basis. In this study, we summarized the recent research results on salt tolerance regulatory genes in rice, and classified them functionally according to the biological processes involved. The perception of salt stress in rice and the subsequent activation of various physiological regulatory mechanisms, including osmotic regulation, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system and nutrient balance, were analyzed in detail. In this review, we focus on several key Salt stress signaling pathways in rice, including the SOS (Salt Overly Sensitive) pathway, MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascade pathway and hormone regulatory pathway. These pathways play crucial roles in rice adaptation salt stress environment. By reviewing the existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the salt tolerance regulatory genes and their functions in rice, provide scientific basis on breeding salt-tolerant rice on these grounds, and as a reference in improving the yield and quality of rice under saline and alkaline environments.

Key words: rice, salt stress, salt tolerance genes, ion homeostasis, signaling pathway