Multidimensional Role and Application of GnRH in Fish Reproduction Process

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0055

Abstract

Abstract:

In the process of fish reproduction, GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone), as a key factor in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis of vertebrates, plays a crucial regulatory role in gonadal development and sex hormone secretion. Its physiological functions are essential for the success of fish reproductive activities. This paper reviews recent domestic and international research progress on GnRH in fish reproduction, including the structural classification, main functions, mechanisms of action, and applications of GnRH analogs in fish reproduction. By analyzing the roles of GnRH in regulating fish gonadal development, sex hormone secretion, and ovulation induction, the core position of GnRH in fish reproduction is revealed. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of fish reproductive mechanisms, while offering references for improving fish reproductive efficiency and developing GnRH-related reproductive regulation technologies. It also lays the foundation for further research on the application potential of GnRH in fish reproduction.

Key words: GnRH, Fish reproduction, GtH, GnRH-A, HPG, LH, FSH, gonadal development, sex hormone secretion, ovulation induction

YANG Yueyao, LI Chuan, LI Taicheng, LI Yifan, XU Fan, JIANG Zibin, ZHOU He. Multidimensional Role and Application of GnRH in Fish Reproduction Process[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 154-164.

Figures/Tables 5

References 87

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序号	GnRH种类		①		②		③		④		⑤		⑥		⑦		⑧		⑨		⑩
1	Mammals（哺乳类）GnRH^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
2	Chicken（鸡）GnRHⅡ^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Ser		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
3	Pejerrey（银汉鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
4	Seabream（鲷鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
5	Catfish（鲶鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
6	Herring（鲱鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
7	Whitefish（鲱形白鲑）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Met		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
8	Salmon（鲑鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
9	Stickleback（刺鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
10	Coelacanth（腔棘鱼）GnRH		pGlu		Tyr		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
11	Dogfish（狗鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
12	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
13	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
14	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅢ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
15	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Ile		Asp		Asn		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
16	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
17	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
18	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅡ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
19	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅢ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂

序号	GnRH种类		①		②		③		④		⑤		⑥		⑦		⑧		⑨		⑩
1	Mammals（哺乳类）GnRH^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
2	Chicken（鸡）GnRHⅡ^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Ser		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
3	Pejerrey（银汉鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
4	Seabream（鲷鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
5	Catfish（鲶鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
6	Herring（鲱鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
7	Whitefish（鲱形白鲑）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Met		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
8	Salmon（鲑鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
9	Stickleback（刺鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
10	Coelacanth（腔棘鱼）GnRH		pGlu		Tyr		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
11	Dogfish（狗鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
12	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
13	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
14	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅢ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
15	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Ile		Asp		Asn		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
16	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
17	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
18	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅡ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
19	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅢ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂

种类	合成部位	分布部位	存在物种	代表蛋白	功能
GnRH-Ⅰ	前脑视前叶神经元	下丘脑、端脑、垂体	哺乳类、两栖类、鸟类、鱼类	mGnRH、sbGnRH	刺激垂体释放促性腺激素(GtH)
GnRH-Ⅱ	中脑	所有脑区、精巢、卵巢	鱼类	cGnRH	作为神经递质，间接介入生殖活动的调控过程
GnRH-Ⅲ	端脑	嗅叶、端脑区域	硬骨鱼类	sGnRH	作为神经传质，调节神经内分泌系统，调控动物繁殖等生理活动

种类	合成部位	分布部位	存在物种	代表蛋白	功能
GnRH-Ⅰ	前脑视前叶神经元	下丘脑、端脑、垂体	哺乳类、两栖类、鸟类、鱼类	mGnRH、sbGnRH	刺激垂体释放促性腺激素(GtH)
GnRH-Ⅱ	中脑	所有脑区、精巢、卵巢	鱼类	cGnRH	作为神经递质，间接介入生殖活动的调控过程
GnRH-Ⅲ	端脑	嗅叶、端脑区域	硬骨鱼类	sGnRH	作为神经传质，调节神经内分泌系统，调控动物繁殖等生理活动