Abstract: For improving genetic basis and breeding target characters using favorable gene of rice landraces germplasm, Variations of 15 agronomic characters of 135 sticky rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) from Taihu lake valley were analyzed. Results showed these varieties were characterized by late matured, high plant height and panical neck length, low spikeletes density and yield per plant. The range of CV was from 3.42% to 35.01% for 15 characters， 6 characters, yield per plant, panicals per plant, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, panical neck length and spikeletes density, had higher value than other traits. Principal component analysis showed the first five PCs explained 70.4% variation in total germplasms, and seven traits, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, spikeletes density, panicals per plant, plant height, 1000-grains weight and yield per plant, were important traits in explaining variation of these germplasm because of theirs high vector loadings. Five PCs were drawn for cluster analysis that indicated all the landraces can be divided into 14 types. In which, the landraces belong to typeⅠ,Ⅸ,ⅩⅣ and Ⅻ,were very useful for sticky rice breeding and improving. Partial correlation analysis of the main grain-yield factors were conducted and results showed contribution rates of grain-yield were main from the character of panicals per plant and spikeletes per panical, therefore, these characters were important goal characters to urgely improved in sticky rice landraces from Taihu lake valley. In this article, the phenomenon of same name but not closed genetic relationship was also found.