Abstract: Based on a survey involving 273 farming households in Zhoukou, Henan Province, the farmers’ cognizance and evaluation on genetically modified cotton were analyzed. The results showed that the main reason of reversal adoption was their dissatisfying with transgenic anti-insect cotton varieties, which were mainly concentrated on singularity and decline of insect-resistance, lower output, and so on. The breeding department may intensify the research on the new cotton variety of multi-resistance and higher output.