Abstract: Nutritional and flavor quality is closely dependent on the composition of sugars and acids in peach fruit. In the paper, the composition of sugars and acids and the characteristics of their metabolism in peach fruit were reviewed, on the basis of understanding inherent factors, i.e. genotype and idioplasm, and environmental factors i.e. temperature, light, water, which mainly influence on the components of sugar and acid in peach fruit. The cultivating practices, related to rootstock and tree architecture, flower and fruit thinning, pruning, bagging and hormones, etc were involved in the discussion on the impacts of sugar and acid composition, in order to present some theoretical guide to improve peach fruit quality.