Abstract: Utilizing GPS to make an orientation accurately, soil sampling was carried out by the reseau way (20 km×20km) in the north plain of Henan province, Meanwhile, also was investigation of agricultural production condition and peasant fertilization practice. Soil sample assay results showed that: the soil nutrient was middling level in general. Compared with results of the second soil overall survey, the content of soil nutrient has changed obviously. The soil organic matter and Avail P content are improved notably, while the soil Avail N and Avail K content are decreased. The investigation results revealed: more than 90 percent peasant households adopt straws to return the field, and pay attention to apply chemical fertilizers, especially the nitrogenous and phosphorus fertilizers, but ignore the potassium fertilizers. There exist some problems, such as fertilizer nutrient single, the nutrient proportion no-scientific and the way of fertilization unreasonable. Some scientific and reasonable measures should be carried out: using more organic manure, popularizing straw to soil, reducing phosphorus fertilizer application rates, supplying potassium fertilizers, using compound and slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizers. Government and agricultural science and technology department should pay more attention to propagandize and carry out technique of balanced fertilizers application.