Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, we studied the growth and sugar/acid contents between autotetraploid and diploid of Trichosanthes Kirilowli Mamm. It showed that the growth vigor of tetraploid is faster than diploid; chlorophyll content in leaf of Tetraploid was higher than that in diploid; the fruit size and weight, seed setting rate and the weight of 100 seeds of tetraploid were all much lower than diploid; sugar content and acid content in tetraploid fruits were all higher than that in diploid fruits. By statistical analysis of DPS software, we can find that the differences of sugar content and acid content in tetraploid fruits were significant at 0.01 level and significant at 0.05 level when comparing with that in diploid fruits.