Current issue

• 2008 Vol.24 No.12 Published:05 December 2008

  畜牧兽医科学

  Effect of Levamisole on antibody titer of ND inactive vaccine W Xin-wei 2008, 24 (12):  1-3.  Abstract + ( 1637 )   PDF ( 423488KB )   ( 1007 ) To investigate the effect of levamisole on antibody tiger of ND vaccine, the testing chicken was divided into four groups named group A、B、C and D, 5 chick/group. A、B、C group were treated with Levamisole and Newcastle disease vaccine. A group was high dose including 0.6mg Levamisole, B middle dose 0.3mg, C low dose 0.15mg, and D control. The blood samples were collected at 7d,14d, 21d, 28d after inoculation, and analyzed with hem-agglutination inhibition (HI). The results showed that the antibody titer of the four group was of no difference before immune. The antibody titer among high, middle, and low dose group was not different statistically at the 7d, 14d and 21d after immune. The antibody titer of the middle dose group was higher at 28d after immune. Statistics and analyses proved that the control group was different from other 3 groups, which implied that the groups treated with Levamisole were greatly significant. However it is not relative to dose of Levamisole. B middle dose group displayed the best performance among A、B、C group, and the antibody value was high (7.2log2), but the difference was not remarkable compared with A、C group. This indicated that addiction of Levamisole in ND vaccine could promote antibody titer, and titer tendency was upward along with time.

  Comparative Study on Production Performance of 16 Introduced Alfalfa Varieties 2008, 24 (12):  4-10.  Abstract + ( 1639 )   PDF ( 821947KB )   ( 1081 ) A field comparative study of 16 alfalfa varieties introduced from America，Holland, and domestic was carried out in Beijing area. The characteristics including natural height, fresh yield, dry yield and the ratio of Stem/Leaf were tested．The results showed that there were significant differences in characteristics of growth and development among 16 alfalfa varieties. And these characteristics were evaluated comprehensively by the membership function and cluster analysis method. And Xinmu 1 and Liangmu 5 were suitable for spreading and planting in Beijing area．

  Effect of Different level of Feed Intake on the Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Chinese Yellow Cattle Wang Yongxin,MO Fang, Dong Kuanhu , Huang Yingxiang, Gao Denghong,, Chen Yao 2008, 24 (12):  11-15.  Abstract + ( 1286 )   PDF ( 567892KB )   ( 671 ) Tow experiments, each using four Chinese Yellow Cattle steers, were conducted to study the effect of different level of feed intake on the uric excretion of purine derivatives (PD). The rations used in the two experiments were mixed ration consisting of a roughage and concentrate in the ratio of 40:60(Experiments 1) and 60:40(Experiments 2) respectively. In each experiments, four steers were fed at four fixed levels,100%,80%,60% and 40% of "voluntary intake", using a 4×4 Latin square design. Urine and faeces were collected during the last week (col1ection period) of each feeding period. The apparent digestibilities of OM were not significant among intake level. The daily excretion of PD showed a positive response to the level of intake of DOM. However, the creatinine excretion in urine was no difference at different level intake. PD excretion (Y,mmol/d) was correlated to DOMI (X, g) according to the following equation, Y=0.0225X+10.631（R2=0.954,n=8,p<0.01). The results indicate that PD excretion in the urine can be used as an index for estimating microbial protein supply in Chinese Yellow Cattle.

  Development and Outlook of Chinese brand egg 2008, 24 (12):  16-19.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 579021KB )   ( 1028 ) The background，history， characteristic and present situation of Chinese brand egg was discussed. Paper suggests raising the industry gate and concentration to promote Chinese brand egg industry.

  Effects of Dietary Zinc Supplementation as Zinc Sulfate on Rumen Fermentation in Steers Wang Feng,, Mo Fang, Huang Yingxiang, Wang Maorong,, Miao Chaohua,, Chen Yao 2008, 24 (12):  20-24.  Abstract + ( 1312 )   PDF ( 556636KB )   ( 849 ) An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental Zn (as Zn sulfate) on rumen fermentation in steers. Four ruminally cannulated steers were fed, in a 4×4 Latin square design, 2.8 kg/d concentrate and 4.2 kg/d rice straw as a basic dietary. Treatments consisted of the following : control (no supplemental Zn) and 25 or 50 or 100 mg Zn/kg DM (on DM basis of dietary) from Zn sulfate. Rumen samples were collected at days 22, 23 and 24 of experiment period. There were significant effects of supplementation of Zn on concentrate of acetate, propionate, and total VFA (p< 0.05). The concentrate of ruminal NH3-N and the VFA molar proportions were not affected by the addition of Zn to diets (p>0.05). However, for comparing control (no supplementation), the concentrate of acetate and total VFA were higher with supplementation of 50 or 100 mg/kgDM Zn (p< 0.05). These results indicated that Zn-supplemented at 50 or 100 mg/kgDM improved rumen fermentation in steers.

  Cloning and Sequencing of the mature peptide cDNA of bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene in pig Li Ming,, Sun Guirong, Chen Qixin, Liu mengzhou, Shi Xiaowei, Zhao Qiaohui, Yang yuexia 2008, 24 (12):  25-29.  Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 571812KB )   ( 736 ) Objective: To clone the cDNA of sus scrafa mature peptide of bone morphogenetic protein-4. Methed: Totle RNA was extracted from kidney of sus scrafa and the desired segment was obtained by RT-PCR with two specific primers.The PCR products was cloned into pMD18-T vector and transformed into Top-10 competent cells. After PCR and double enzyme screening, the sequence of insert in the recombinant plasmid was assayed by DNA sequence machine. Results: DNA agarose electrophoresis showed that the products of RT-PCR was consistent with desired BMP-4. PCR, double enzyme digestion revealed that the PCR product was inserted pMD18-T vector and sequencing demonstrated that the mature protein cds of pig BMP-4 was consisted of 351 nucleotides and encoded 116 amino acids. Sequence alignments showed that the mature protein cds of pig BMP-4 had 94.87%, 90.60%, 94.87% and 94.59% homologies with that of human, mouse, cow, and sheep respectively, while the homologies for the deduced amino acids were 99.12%, 99.12%,100% and100% respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the mature protein cds of pig BMP-4 have been successively cloned, and this will promote the further studies on the full gene structure and function of this gene as well as its relationship with pig reproduction.

  Transgenic Chicken and Oviduct bioreactor YU XiaoLong 2008, 24 (12):  30-35.  Abstract + ( 1436 )   PDF ( 755073KB )   ( 962 ) With the fast development of biopharmacy,transgenic chicken oviduct bioreactor is going to be the focus of people’s attention.For its excellent advantages,transgenic chicken will be one of rising industries in the field of biopharmacy and hot spot of science study.Now,the most successful method for producing transgenic chicken is mediated by retrovirus transferring gene into it, and transgenic chicken have been produced by this method.The review mainly summarizes the advantages of producing transgenic chicken with chicken,and the development course of transgenic chicken, and the method and process of producing transgenic chicken with retrovirus,and the study progress of transgenic chicken.The significance and existent problems of transgenic chicken are also discussed.

  农业生物技术科学

  Effect of Jasnonic Acid and its Related Compounds on the Growth of Rice 2008, 24 (12):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   PDF ( 585088KB )   ( 803 ) The functions of Jasmonate to the growth of rice , including rice allelopathy and induction of gene were reported in this paper, and it would be a good reference in the application of Jasmonate as rice growth hormone.

  Transformation of ICE1 Gene into Cymbidium grandiftorium Mediated by Agrobacterium Zhang Yu, Xiang DianJun, Yin Kuide 2008, 24 (12):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1736 )   PDF ( 554417KB )   ( 725 ) Cymbidium grandiftorium is tropical plant, the price of plant tissue culture is high in the northeast. This research cloned cold tolerance gene ICE1 which is a transcriptional active factor of cold tolerance gene （COR） from Arabidopsis’s RNA, connected to CaMV35S and constructed into the plant expressing vector pCAMBIA1300-35S-ICE1-poly. Cymbidium grandiftorium was transformed by Agrobacterium Tumefaciens. This research getted over 70 hygromycin resistant plants by resistance choice, inducing bud, inducing plant and inducing root. PCR identification showed that about 12.9% were positive and a part of PCR positive plants were positive by Southern analysis, finally these plants was determined for transgenic plants.

  Study on Extraction Methods of Sugarcane Genomic DNA Wang Ying, Qiu Haiyan, Gao Heqiong, Huang Dongyi, Zhuang Nansheng 2008, 24 (12):  44-49.  Abstract + ( 1822 )   PDF ( 739652KB )   ( 988 ) The sugarcane tender leaves were taken as experiment materials, through made the improvement and the experiment to predecessors CTAB methods to reform a better extraction method of sugarcane genomic DNA. The final improved CTAB method (method Ⅲ) had the characteristics of costing low, operation simple, time-saving and so on. Ultraviolet absorbance spectrum analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR technique showed that DNA samples obtained by method Ⅲ had a good integrity and high purity, could be used in each kind of molecular markers directly.

  High-level Expression Ramie Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase Gene in E.coli Chen Jianrong, Guo Qingquan, Zhang Xuewen, Chen Jinjun 2008, 24 (12):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 1719 )   PDF ( 487362KB )   ( 882 ) Ramie caffeoyl-CoA 3- O-methyltransferase was expressed by pQE High-level Expression system in E.coli. The molecular weight of Ramie Fusion caffeoyl-CoA3- O-methyltransferase is 29.4 kD. The structure of the enzyme has been constructed by SwissModel server. Multiplex structure of the enzyme ,Sinapoyl CoA , SAH and Ca2+ has been constructed by Docking module in software InsightII,and has been optimized by Discover module. It can be presume that Ramie caffeoyl-CoA 3- O-methyltransferase has catalyse function of O-methyltransferase, must been related to lignin monomer precursor methyltransfer.

  Preliminary study on the seed-film cultivation technique in rice Chen Changli, Zhao Ming, Ding Zaisong 2008, 24 (12):  54-58.  Abstract + ( 1390 )   PDF ( 665277KB )   ( 858 ) Abstract: The effect of different seed-film cultivation was studied on grain yield ,vegetative growth,photosynthetic characteristics and grain quality in rice using japonica rice “Zhongzuo59” as material with four treatments:a(white plastic seed-film),b(black plastic seed-film),c(dicomposable seed-film)and d(normal cultivation). The result indicated that seed-film cultivation could save water,save labour.It could increase grain yield7.7%-24.0%, increase photosynthetic rate and above ground dry weight,and decreas growth dates 5-7days respectively by normal cultivation. In addition,,there were no significant difference in grain quality with four treatments. Seed-film cultivation could reduce the production of the grass . The stripe virus of rice in seed-film cultivation was significantly lower than normal cultivation.The seed-film cultivation also increased the ratio of the fertilizer using.

  Research Progress of PAL and its Control Function of Important Secondav Metabolltes Zhang Kuanchao, Jin Qing, Cai Yongping, Lin Yi 2008, 24 (12):  59-62.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 590670KB )   ( 1776 ) PAL, a critical enzyme in secondary metabolism of plants,was the first and key enzyme of the phenyl propanoid sequence.It has great influence on plant physiological function.In this paper,the PAL’distribution,separation and purification,basic characters,three-dimensional structure, mechanism were reviewed. Meanwhile, the progresses of the research on PAL in secondav metabolltes were especially emphasized, in order to enrich the mechanisms of regulation to secondary metabolism,and provide some references for its advanced research..

  Progress of genetic improvement in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) Zou Guihua,Tao Yuezhi 2008, 24 (12):  63-67.  Abstract + ( 1750 )   PDF ( 588899KB )   ( 1218 ) Sweet sorghum, a special form of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, is one of the energy crops with great potentialities of being utilized as a bio-based energy source to substitute fosal-based fuels . Total biomass and sugar contents of stem extracts determine the energy utilization efficiency in sweet sorghum. The most effective approach to develop elite sweet sorghum with superior biomass and high sugar content is to identify the molecular markers that genetically associated with the traits and the genes that underlying the molecular mechanism. From the viewpoint of genetic improvement of sugar-related traits in sweet sorghum, the progress of research covering of investigation of stem sugar accumulation, assessment of genetic diversity, construction of genetic maps and identification of QTLs for sugar-related traits are highlighted in this breaf review．

  Fermentation conditions optimization of antagonistic bacteria 12-47 to Verticillium dahliae Kleb Han Shaohui, Li Shu’na, Guo Xiaojun, Li Hongya, Zhu Ying, Zhu Baocheng, 2008, 24 (12):  68-73.  Abstract + ( 1593 )   PDF ( 679906KB )   ( 707 ) The fermentation conditions of the antagonistic bacteria 12-47 to cotton wilt were studied by using the single-factor method. The main factors affecting fermentation conditions include C and N sources, inorganic salts, pH, temperature, rotation speed. The best fermentation condition of each factor were obtained as follows: C source fructose, N source casein protein, inorganic salts MnSO4 and K2HPO4, pH8.0, inoculation volume 8%, seed culture time 72h.The concentration of fermentation conditions were optimized through orthogonal design and the final fermentation medium have more fermentation productions compared with some other common medium. The final optimization of the medium: fructose 3%, casein protein 5%, 0.1% Mn2+, K+ 0.05%, pH 8.0, shaking flask volume is at 100mL/250mL, Inoculation volume 8%, the time of fermentation is 48 hours. Antibacterial activity raise 269% after fermentation than before.

  The Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Longyu 5 Maize Variety with High Yield and Mult-resistance Ability Ma Junzheng, Wu Shiwen, Feng Juan li, ChenYanbo, Han Haihong, Ru Kaiqiang， Zhaozhaoyang 2008, 24 (12):  74-77.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 442874KB )   ( 885 ) The yield of summer-rowing maize varity was low and in-stable which the varity`s resistance of disease and non-biostress was decreased in Guanzhong, Shaanxi province, therefor the traits about mult-resistance, wide-suitability, stable yield and high yield was selected during maize varity breeding. Maize variety Longyu 5 was bred with germplasm improved and pedigree selection by the maize research centre of Xianyang agriculture institute in Shaanxi province.When it was rowed in summer, its growing-period was 95-98 days. The variety was with high-resistance to the northern corn leaf blight (Helm inthosporium turcicum) and the southern corn leaf blight (Helm in thosporium maydis) and with resistance to stalk rot, curvularia leaf spot and common smut. The content of crude protein, starch, crude fat and lysine was 10%, 71%, 4.1% and 0.258% in the grain, respectively; its quality was good with high yield, high resistance of disease and lodging, early-mid mature, wide suitability and good stay-green ability while haaresting. Longyu 5 was one grain and forage maize hybrid.

  The Primary Report of Sand Floating System of paved with the Different Materials Li Fengzhi, , Yang Yuhong 2008, 24 (12):  78-81.  Abstract + ( 1421 )   PDF ( 492935KB )   ( 900 ) Abstract: The experiment was carried out to study the effects of paved with the different materials in the floating trays bottom, on the seedlings growth and development. The results showed that, comparing with routine matrix floating system, the treatment of paved with sawdust featured the consistent of seedling rate, strengthen seedling, growth duration and growth speed. The management process more than sand floating system,in the province, easy to operate.

  Diversity of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Zhang Lixin, Song Jianghua 2008, 24 (12):  82-85.  Abstract + ( 1622 )   PDF ( 489484KB )   ( 884 ) Burkholderia cepacia is regarded as phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct species (genomovars) referring to the B. cepacia complex (Bcc). This paper summarized the biological function of Bcc, the character and identification methods of Bcc genomovars, and the research status of Bcc genomovars in China.

  Analysis of Genetic Structure of selected Lines from Temperate Zone × Tropical Zone Maize by SSR Marker Kai-rong Lei,Hong Wu,Wen-jun chen,Qing LIn,Xu Chen,Zhi-cheng Jiang 2008, 24 (12):  86-91.  Abstract + ( 1733 )   PDF ( 634647KB )   ( 712 ) Using SSR-PCR molecular technique, the genetic structure of 22 selected lines from F6 and F7 generations from 5003 × A19 were analyzed. In this study, 48 out of 88 pairs of SSR primers were selected, which gave stable and polymorphic amplification profiles in focus. The UPGMA analysis classified 22 selected lines and their parentes into the same cluster-PA，which included standard-testers 478 and B73.The average genetic background of 22 selected lines had 64.03% from temperate zone maize 5003,30.03% from tropical zone maize A19,and 5.94% not from parentes.The result showed,some new alleles were tested in some lines.This is a availably approach of maize germplasm enhancement improvement.

  Research Advances on Gene Engineering of Pollen Development in Plants Song Jianghua, Zhang Lixin 2008, 24 (12):  92-95.  Abstract + ( 1547 )   PDF ( 438855KB )   ( 1082 ) Pollen development is a very complex process in which many correlative genes play important roles. The study of gene engineering on pollen development is a central linkage between molecular study on pollen development and developmental regulation research in plants. It is helpful for us to understand thoroughly the mechanism of pollen development in plants. The research advances on gene isolation, expression and regulation of pollen development were summarized. Several methods of creating male sterility through gene engineering were discussed. The paper also brought forward application prospects in future.

  Genetic Dissection of QTLs for the Appearance Quality in Japanese Rice Variety Koshihikari Gong Yingjun, Feng Jie, Xiao Ke, Dong Yanjun, Lin Dongzhi 2008, 24 (12):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 1564 )   PDF ( 679932KB )   ( 808 ) The appearance quality is an important aspect of rice qualities, which decides the customer choice and, to some extent, affects its price in market. The study was conducted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seven associated appearance quality traits in rice, viz., grain length (GL), grain width (GL), grain length/width ratio(LWR), grain thickness(GT), chalkiness grain ratio(CGR), chalkiness size (CS), and chalkiness degree(CD), using a backcross recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from the backcross between an elite japonica variety(Japan), Koshihikari (japonica), as a recurrent parent, and an indica variety(India), Kasalath. Resultantly, a total of 22 QTLs controlling the seven traits were detected and located on eight chromosomes, which could explain 5.65%-29.20% of total phenotypic variance. Interestingly, the same genomic region of QTLs tightly linked to R2232 on chromosome 5 controlled four associated the appearance quality traits, both the one tightly linked to C1448 on chromosome 3 and the one closely linked to G200 on chromosome 6 controlled affect three traits,respectively, showing that the three genomic regions have important effect on the appearance quality in rice. In a word, the QTLs detected in this study and the molecular marker linked to them can be useful for the improvement of appearance quality through the marker assisted selection (MAS) in rice. Keywords: rice grain, appearance quality trait, QTL

  The Comparison of the Relationship in Growth and Development with Yield Wu Yanshao, Fan Cunhu, Hao Jianping 2008, 24 (12):  102-104.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 419679KB )   ( 770 ) Abstract: In this study, adopted single factor random granule design. It studied the index of growth and development ,and the factor build up yield. The results showed as follows: Nongda108 was better than Jindan34 in spreading leaf, Emerging leaf and resist falling over. Nongda108 was better than Jindan34 in the factor which build up yield, the stability was better also.

  SSR-based Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ) Varieties from the Region Tests of Shandong Province Chen Jing, Hu Xiaohui, Miao Huarong, Shi Yunqing,Chi Yucheng, Cui Fenggao, Wu Lanrong, Yu Shanlin 2008, 24 (12):  105-110.  Abstract + ( 1723 )   PDF ( 653427KB )   ( 1032 ) Abstract: The purpose is to investigate the Genetic diversity of peanut varieties from the Region Tests of Shandong province. 45 peanut varieties were analyzed using SSR markers, including of 28 Shandong peanut varieties and 17 peanut varieties from other provinces.Total 57 bands were generated with 10 SSR primers, of which 45(78.95%) were polymorphic. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was varied from 0.369~0.857, with an average of 0.683. The genetic diversity indices of Shandong peanut varieties (0.2476,0.3723) were all lower than other provinces(0.2929,0.4268) and Henan province(0.2928,0.4241). The value of GS from Shandong peanut varieties ranged from 0.440 to 1.000, on an average of 0.730. The value of GS from other provinces varieties ranged from 0.311 to 0.962, on an average of 0.638. The significant test showed that the similarity of Shandong peanut varieties was higher than others provinces, and the difference was greatly significant at 0.01 level. The results of cluster analysis indicated that, the genetic basis of Shandong peanut varieties tends narrow, and most of varieties from Shandong were clustered into II group. The genetic basis of Shandong peanut varieties tends narrow. It is necessary to broaden its genetic basis by introducing diversed and distant varieties as parents in breeding program from other provinces.

  Gene Flow of Bar Transgenic Maize(Zea Mays L.) Di Hong, Liu Zhaojun 2008, 24 (12):  111-113.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 354061KB )   ( 787 ) The potential ecological environmental risks caused by gene flowing from the transgenic plant has attracted wide attention. A transgenic maize variety M2 carrying the Bar gene was planted to study the gene flow. The result showed that the frequency of transgene flow decreased with increase of the distance. Highest frequency of the gene flowing was 41.51%. A 160 m distance for separation was essential for preventing gene flow.

  食品科学

  Studies on the Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Bile Salt Hydrolase by Lactobacillus casei KL1 from Tibetan Kefir Liu Hui, Xiong Lixia, Li Jinding, Cheng Xue, Zhang Hongxing 2008, 24 (12):  114-118.  Abstract + ( 1814 )   PDF ( 685457KB )   ( 1002 ) In this paper, the Lactobacillus casei of bile salt hydrolase screened from Tibetan Kefir were used to study environment factors of increasing enzyme vires. For four factors to affect synthesize of bile salt hydrolase, fermentation conditions of high yield bile salt hydrolase were determined by four factors and three levels orthogonal experiments [L9(3)4]. As follows: glucose 2%, Soya-peptone 2%,fermentation temperature 37℃, amount of inoculation 2%.Under optimization conditions，the vires of bile salt hydrolase was enhanced to 7.4 times.

  Effect on post-harvest physiology and storage quality of Sinkiang thick-skinned melon in some storage methods Chen Cunkun, , Wang Wensheng, Gao Yuanhui, , Yang Shaoyan, Feng Jongqi 2008, 24 (12):  119-123.  Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 656224KB )   ( 937 ) In order to study the effect of different storage methods on post-harvest physiology and storage quality of Sinkiang thick-skinned melon . Sinkiang thick-skinned melon was preserved in the experiment with three storage methods: cold storage; cold storage with intermittent ozone treatment; controlled atmosphere storage (CA) with 4%~6% O2 and 0.2% ~ 0.5% CO2. The results showed that CA storage restrained respiration rate of melon markedly, postponed senescence process and it also controlled the decline of flesh firmness and content of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C and deoxidized sugar effectively. CA storage reduced rotten exponent of melon, kept better quality and flavor. The test also found that the effect of cold storage with intermittent ozone treatment was better than cold storage, and CA storage had remarkable effect compared with cold storage with intermittent ozone treatment.

  Advances in Relationships of Bread Quality and Characteristics of Protein and Starch ZhaoXin, Wang Bujun 2008, 24 (12):  124-127.  Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 463659KB )   ( 873 ) Protein and starch are the major elements which affect the bread quality. The qualities and quantities of protein and the proportion of amylase and amylopectin are the important factors influencing the wheat bread baking qualities. In this paper, Advances in relationships of characteristics of protein and starch in wheat were reviewed and the emphases of future studies were pointed out.

  农业基础科学

  The research on amelioration of soil in the mining wasteland Zhao Mohan 2008, 24 (12):  128-131.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 621131KB )   ( 1295 ) The entironment damages caused by mining wasteland have made crisis to the health of human life. And what s more they have endangered the regional sustainable development. Ecological restoration and reconstruction of mining wasteland has been seen as a key component of land remediation. And soil media is core problem of the biology resumption in the mining wasteland. This paper made a research based on the methods and countermeasures used both at home and abroad. Three technological measures had been laid out: physical, chemical, biological improvement of technical measures. Finally, principles of soil amelioration in China s mining wasteland were put forward: to follow the light of local conditions, and use local materials combining with the research achievements before, drawing the successful reclamation and ecological restoration experiences of international. The laws of nature and mechanism of soil amelioration in mining wasteland should be studied first, then the ultimate realization of artificial soil amelioration.’’

  Comparing of Photosynthetic Characteristics among several Citrus Cultivars Huang Yongjing, Tang Xiaolang, Ma Peiqia, Wu Wen, Dai Hongfen 2008, 24 (12):  132-135.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   PDF ( 512890KB )   ( 944 ) The study was conducted to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics of four varieties of citrus(Nai 92-1 Navel Orange, Shatangju Tangerine, Shatianyou Pummelo and Gonggan Mandarin). The results show that：1) the curve of the diurnal change in the net photosyntheticrate(Pn) of‘Nai 92-1 or Gonggan Showed only one peak, the peak occurred at 10:00, those of‘ Shatangju and Shatianyou were a typical bimodal curve, the first peak occurred 8:00 simultaneously, and the second peak occurred at 12:00 and 14:00 respectively. The maximal Pn value of Shatianyou was higher than those of others, the order of Pn was Shatianyou>Gonggan>Nai92-1>Shatangju. ‘Midday depression phenomenon of photosynthesis occurred in Shatianyou, Gonggan and Nai 92-1, nor in Shatangju. 2) There was positive relationship between Pn and the chlorophyll content of leaves, the anthocyanin was quite the reverse, and there were no marked relation between Pn and the carotenoid.

  Effects of Different Ecological Conditions on Selection of Progenies of Maize Wang Yuandong, Zhao Jiuran, Li Denghai 2008, 24 (12):  136-138.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 372830KB )   ( 654 ) The F2 and F3 progenies of one single crosse introduced recent year were selected for high yielding breeding in different ecological conditions, respectively, to which the selection response was investigated. The results showed that the selected ratio and the mean grain weight per ear of superior ears from Northeast and Northwest part of Chinese maize areas was greater than that from Huanghuhai . Ecological conditions in Northeast and Northwest part of China were thought to be beneficial on the selection for high yield potential of progenies of maize crosses, while ecological conditions in Huanghuaihai China for resistances of many diseases, insects and other abiologic stresses, In maize breeding strategies, selection in different ecological conditions alternately was helpful for the both yielding potential per plant and resistances for diseases and insects selection.

  Gene Flow Risk of Soybean（Glycine max）in China Huangfu Chaohe, Yang Dianlin, Wang Zhiyong, Zhang Yongsheng 2008, 24 (12):  139-141.  Abstract + ( 1940 )   PDF ( 337451KB )   ( 917 ) As more transgenic cultivars become available, the contamination of conventional cultivars and wild relatives with transgenes and the unintended gene flow through natural crossing will become increasingly probable. Transgenic soybean accounted for 51% of the transgenic crops area planted worldwide in 2007. The geographical distribution of wild soybeans in China is very wide while great amount of transgenic soybean was imported, which could cause contamination by gene flow from the transgenic soybean to this wild relatives. As far as the ecological risk of the transgenic soybean in China is concerned, the authors reviewed the probability of gene flow between transgenic soybean and wild soybeans, and the possible post-hybridization effect was discussed as well. In conclusion, some future directions in this research field were proposed for optimization management of transgenic crops in China.

  Comparative Analysis of Two Farm Cultivars of Achyranthes bidentata Based on Photosynthetic Characters and Leaf Structure Zhang Hongrui, , Gao Zhiming, Li Zhimin 2008, 24 (12):  142-145.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 507631KB )   ( 722 )

  Quantitative Analysis on the Inherited Characteristics of Naturally Colored Brown Cotton Fiber Color Zhan Shaohua, Li Zhengpeng, Lin Yi, Cai Yongping 2008, 24 (12):  146-148.  Abstract + ( 1472 )   PDF ( 377542KB )   ( 810 ) Abstract: In order to observation on the fiber color traits of filial generation , cross experiments between the dark brown cotton and white cotton were preformatted. Also the contents of pigment in the cotton fiber were determined. The results indicated the fiber color of first filial generation between the male parent and female parent, and fiber color of second filial generation could be divided into three types: dark brown, middle brown and white. The color and pigment contents of dark brown fiber, middle brown type in second filial generation respectively neared to that of parent dark brown fiber and first filial generation. The ratio between three types of second filial generation was conformed to 1:2:1 tested by Chi-Square (p >0.05). So we claimed the inheritance mode of fiber color was incomplete dominance. The relations between the qualitative traits and the modificator gene were discussed in the paper. The tests would contribute to breeding of naturally colored cotton and new color varieties cultivating.

  林业科学

  The research on security of nut in Sichuan province Wu Wanbo, Han Huabai, Zhu Yichuan, Luo Chengrong 2008, 24 (12):  149-152.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 450005KB )   ( 682 )

  The Construction of the pattern of the bamboo farmers to participate in technological innovation Shi Dejin , Yu Jianhui,, Liu Yanna, Xie Zhizhong 2008, 24 (12):  158-162.  Abstract + ( 1474 )   PDF ( 627453KB )   ( 715 ) On the prerequisite of resolving technology supply and demand contradiction, this paper puts the "fault" relations along the institution for scientific research，various branchs of government , bamboo farmers and the bamboo-processed enterprise put into effect, and brings forward the pattern "following" method , namely the operation of the pattern of bamboo farmers to participate in technological innovation. This paper set up the request of the pattern of bamboo farmers the pattern fundamental technological innovation, the effect index to participating in, the pattern fundamental train of thought , fundamental operating mechanism and main characteristic to participate in.

  SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF Phyllostachys edulis Cai Chunju, Peng Zhenhua, , Gao Jian, Wang Huaixun, Liu Feng 2008, 24 (12):  163-167.  Abstract + ( 2403 )   PDF ( 694144KB )   ( 1096 ) In this study, the effects of the environmental factors such as light indensity and temperature, and seed quality to the seed germination of Phyllostachys edulis were investigated．Results showed that temperature was a main limiting factor affecting the seed germination of Phyllostachys edulis. The optimal germination temperature ranges of Phyllostachys edulis were between 20℃ and 30℃．Germination was stopped below 15℃ or over 35℃．The optimal temperature for seed germination of Phyllostachys edulis was 25℃. Alternate temperatures were helpful to gernination uniformity .Light was not a significant and essential factor for the germination，but high light intensity could inhibit seedling growth.Seed plumpness was a crucial factor for seed vigor, obviously influenced germination course, germination uniformity and seedling health.GA3 increased germination energy, index of germination and index of vigor obviously, accelerated germination course and seedling growth. The optimal concentration ranges of GA3 were between 100～200mg/L.

  Sequencing and analysis of trnS-trnG on Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Mak Dong Leilei, Xing Shiyan, Li Jihong, Wang Jingmei 2008, 24 (12):  168-172.  Abstract + ( 1424 )   PDF ( 567385KB )   ( 854 ) The cpDNA trnS-trnG intergenic spacer sequence of 14Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla trees and 2 Ginkgo biloba trees were amplified and analyzed successfully.The results indicated that the size of trnS-trnG sequences was 1005bp and the content of A+T was 62.19%—62.39%.There were 23 variable sizes and one information size in this 14 Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla trees and 2 Ginkgo biloba trees.There were little difference among the trnS-trnG sequences.YZ1 had more variable sizes and lower different areas with other samples.All the sequences through Blast found that it had a highly similar with Ginkgo biloba and cycas another.DNASTAR software was used to analysis indentity and diver gence and construct phylogenetic tree based on all the trnS-trnG sequences of 14Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla trees and 2 Ginkgo biloba trees.

  Research on the blossom-bud differentiation starting times of Salix babylonica L. Wang Jian-Hong,shaochen che,jinli shao,lei guo,lanfen qiu,guifang ren 2008, 24 (12):  173-178.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 656825KB )   ( 686 ) The blossom-bud differentiation starting times of S. babylonica have been researched using BBRⅠ. Salix babylonica L. been injected the “No. 1 of blossom bud restrainer” (BBRⅠ) before, in period of and after its blossom-bud differentiation starting times, its bud differentiated to leaf bud, leaf bud & blossom bud, and blossom bud. The results are that the blossom-bud differentiation starting times of S. babylonica male plant are form 24th June to 9th July in Beijing, and the times of S. babylonica female plant are form 29th June to 14th July in Beijing.

  Appraisal for Environmental Quality of Forestry Soil Polluted by Heavy Metals in Antimony Mine of Len-Shuijiang City Tong Fangping,, Xu Yanping, Long Yingzhong,, Yi Jianxin, Song Qing’an,, Yi Aiqin,, Shi Wenfeng, Li Gui, Dong Xiaohui 2008, 24 (12):  179-183.  Abstract + ( 1771 )   PDF ( 569147KB )   ( 946 ) The environmental quality of forestry soil polluted by heavy metals in antimony is appraised by measurement six heavy metals element in soil with atomic absorption spectrophotometry in order to afford scientific principle to ecological rehabilitate soil and select afforestation trees and restore vegetation rapidly in Antimony Mine. The soil samples polluted by heavy metals is collected in Antimony Mine of Len-Shuijiang City. The result showed that the content of Sb,As,Pb,Hg,Cd,Zn in soil at three sites there are significant difference. The content of Sb,Hg,Cd,Zn in soil is maximum at Qilipu plot and As is in Changlongjie plot and Pb in Lianmeng polot. The content of Sb,As,Pb,Hg,Cd,Zn reduce with soil depth increasing. The rank of heavy metal pollution is Sb>Cd>Hg>As>Zn>Pb at Lianmeng and Changlongjie plot but Qilipu plot is Sb>Cd>Hg>Zn>As>Pb. There is serious pollution by Sb,As,Cd,Hg and low-grade pollution by Zn,Pb according appraisal standard of nemero index in antimony mine of Len-Shuijiang city. The Sb,Hg in soil transfer is bigger and Zn in soil transfer is medium and As,Pb,Cd in soil transfer is lesser according nemero index and the content of heavy metal distributing character by soil depth.

  The Prevention and Treatment of Freezing Injury in Oil-tea Camellia PENG Shao-Feng,chenyongzhong CHEN 2008, 24 (12):  184-188.  Abstract + ( 1421 )   PDF ( 767132KB )   ( 832 ) The cause of freezing injury of oil-tea camellia was analysised, main symptoms of freezing injury of oil-tea camellia were summarized. Some control and remedy measures of oil-tea camellia freezing injury were proposed.

  Progress of cultivated and physiological researches on kernel-apricot in China Hou Zhixia, Zhai Mingpu, Yuan Mudan, Su Yan 2008, 24 (12):  189-192.  Abstract + ( 1490 )   PDF ( 575312KB )   ( 756 ) Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. was the special fruit tree of China, which had great development prospects. However, there were many difficulties during the course of the apricot cultivation, and the current researches on the physiological mechanism in the apricot were still not enough to deal with all of these difficulties. This paper summarized the progress of researches on the abortion of flower organs, the use of mineral nutrient elements, the drought control physiology and the chill-proof physiology of kernel-apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.). These might provide a substantial base for the further development of the production and the research on kernel-apricot.

  农艺科学

  The Breeding and Cultivation Technique for a New Sweetpotato Variety —Jishu 22 Wang Qingmei, Zhang Liming, Xi Guanghui, Li Aixian, Zhang Haiyan, Hou Fuyun, Dong Shunxu, Jie Beitao 2008, 24 (12):  193-195.  Abstract + ( 2064 )   PDF ( 460189KB )   ( 905 ) Sweetpotato variety Jishu 22 was delivered by Crop Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences open pollination with the parent Beijing 553. Jishu 22 is a table used variety with good taste, good stability, high resistance to root rot disease and high yield potential. The key cultivation technique is protecting from the black spot and the vines over grown. The humidity of storage room for it should be controlled around 60%.

  Study of the Ryegrass Application on the Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Ye Xiefeng,Yang Chao ,Wang Yong,Wu Yueming,Ma Xiao, Chen Haitao, Xiao Peng, Liu Guoshun 2008, 24 (12):  196-199.  Abstract + ( 1450 )   PDF ( 575197KB )   ( 679 ) Application of the ryegrass with different level on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied in Chongqing Wulong from 2006 to 2007. Results showed that the biggest leaf length, the biggest leaf width and stalk circumference of tobacco increased with the application of ryegrass. The diseases ratio decreased at the same time. After the ryegrass application the content of total nitrogen and nicotine of the flue-cured leaves decreased and the content of total sugar, reduce sugar, phenylalanines, carotenoids, browning reaction products, cembranenoids, neoplytadiene and neutral aroma total contents increased, thus made the chemical components more comfortable. The yield, production value, average price, high class leaf proportion and middle class leaf proportion of the flue-cured tobacco increased with the application of ryegrass.

  The Distribute frequence of content of main chemical components on flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan Wu Xingfu,, Song Chunman, Fang Dunhuang, Zhou Qingming, Deng Yunlong 2008, 24 (12):  200-206.  Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 486592KB )   ( 728 ) To find out the character of content of main chemical components on flue-cured tobacco，it were measured analyzing that 327 samples graded C3F from planting areas in Yunnan province. The studies were showed that Yunnan tobacco leaf characterized rich sugar，its total sugar and reducing sugar were 30.96% and 26.81% respectively. And CVs were much higher with chlorine，TS-RS，potassium-chlorine ratio，starch，sugar-nicotine ratio and citric acid,and it is more effected by ecological condition and planting tcehnic. And it were definitude which the distributing characteristic of frequency to thirty chemical components on Yunnan tobacco leaf. The disquisition results are important reference that the development of tobacco with characteristics and the resource collocating of tobacco leaf in Yunnan Province.

  Breeding and Kesistance Evaluation of a New Peanut Variety Weihua 8 With High Yield, Good Quality and Wide Adaptability Jiang Yansheng, Fu Chun, Li Yishou 2008, 24 (12):  207-210.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 491684KB )   ( 705 ) For the breeding objective of “high yield, good quality, good resistance and wide adaptability” was bred using (79266/lainong13)F1 as female parent and backcrossing with male parent Lainong 13 by Weifang Academy of Agricultural scienc. The new variety performed good plant comprehensive characters, good drought resistance, wide adaptability, good storage charactey and good taste, It meet the need of food processing and big peanut export. Its seed yield wes 14.41 and 11.13 percent higher than that of Luhua 11. in Shandong and national district experiments. Its high yield in demonstration was 9015Kg/hm2. It was approved and released by Shandong province in 2003 and passed the national identification in 2004.

  Correlation analysis between major agronomic characters and yield per plot from different type soybean Huiming Zhang,Shuidong Liu 2008, 24 (12):  211-214.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 443257KB )   ( 752 ) Analysis was conducted on major agronomic characters and yield at 15 spring soybean varieties and 14 summer soybean varieties with multivariate statistic method. The results showed that Seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and plant height of spring soybean were more important direct impact on yield, and three factors were considered first in breeding. Pods per plant and seed weight per plant of summer soybean were more important direct impact on yield and seeds per plant had extremely significantly positive relation with yield per plant. So selective effect based on three characters was finer. The breeding should pay attention to the balance between the various characters, we should think about the various agronomic characters of soybean exists the mutual influence at each other at the same time.

  Development and Application of A New Era of Rice Foliar Selenium-enriched Fertilizer Fu Guangxi, Yin Tianshou, Lin Ping 2008, 24 (12):  215-219.  Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 616108KB )   ( 677 ) The new era of rice foliar selenium-eniched fertilizer differed with all the other rice foliar selenium-eniched fertilizers in the respects of not only its significant selenium-enriching effect and yield-increasing effect but also its very significantly apparent effect in addition。In recent year, about 60 t of rice foliar selenium-enriched fertilizer had been prepared and applied to more than 40000hm2 of field land with satisfactory results in selenium-enriching effect，yield-inreasing effect and apparent effect.

  Studies on the growth and sugar/acid contents between autotetraploid and diploid of Trichosanthes Kirilowli Mamm Yang Fuhong, Wu Yuxiang, Zhao Xiaoming 2008, 24 (12):  220-224.  Abstract + ( 1457 )   PDF ( 769036KB )   ( 457 ) Abstract: In this paper, we studied the growth and sugar/acid contents between autotetraploid and diploid of Trichosanthes Kirilowli Mamm. It showed that the growth vigor of tetraploid is faster than diploid; chlorophyll content in leaf of Tetraploid was higher than that in diploid; the fruit size and weight, seed setting rate and the weight of 100 seeds of tetraploid were all much lower than diploid; sugar content and acid content in tetraploid fruits were all higher than that in diploid fruits. By statistical analysis of DPS software, we can find that the differences of sugar content and acid content in tetraploid fruits were significant at 0.01 level and significant at 0.05 level when comparing with that in diploid fruits.

  Analysis of the High-yield, Stability and Adaptation of New Wheat Variety Linmai 4 Liu Zhengxue, Liu Fei, Li Baoqiang, Wang Jing, Zhou Zhongxin 2008, 24 (12):  225-227.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 359402KB )   ( 788 ) Using the regional trial data of Shandong wheat high-fertilize 1 group in 2005～2006,by yield, variation coefficient, high-yield and stability coefficient, and regress coefficient, analysis and compare on the high-yield stability and adaptability of Linmai 4 and check variety Weimai 8, the result showed: It was obviously that Linmai 4 bumper crop performance high, the stable performance good, the adaptation scope is broad, is a quite ideal high-yield wheat new variety.

  植物生理科学

  Study on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis Characteristics in Achyranthes bidentata Zhang Hongrui, , Zhang Wenbo, Gao Zhiming, Li Zhimin 2008, 24 (12):  228-231.  Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 450626KB )   ( 764 ) Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata and its mutual relationship with environmental factors were studied.The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of A.bidentata presented a double-peak curve,with the peaks (7.07 and 6.87μmol/(m2•s) respectively) appearing at10:00 and 14:00. There appeared phenomenon of“photosynthesis midday depression”;The diurnal variation of transpiration rate presented a one-peak curve in the leaves of A. bidentata , and the peak of transpiration rate measured at 12:00 was 2.9 mmol /(m2•s);The diurnal variation of stomatal conductance presented a slight double-peak curve in the leaves of A. bidentata ,and the peaks of stomatal conductance measured at 10:00 and 14:00 were 0.049 mmol/( m2•s),0.045mmol/( m2•s);The positive relationship between net photosynthetic rates and PAR,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance of A. bidentata was significant, The negative relationship between net photosynthetic rates and intercellar CO2 concentration,relative humidity was significant;Eco-environmental factors combined influenced phenomenon of“photosynthesis midday depression”of A. bidentata.

  Effects of low phosphorus stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis characteristic in different developing periods of rapeseed leaves Yu Liping, Tian Lirong, Zhang Chunlei, Ma Ni, Li Jun 2008, 24 (12):  232-236.  Abstract + ( 1667 )   PDF ( 662890KB )   ( 819 ) Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching kinetics were investigated to explore the effect of low phosphorus stress on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characterisitics and excitation energy distribution in rapeseed during different developing period .The results showed that Pn was significantly decreased in stem elongation and flowering stage,while Fm 、Fv and Fv／Fm remained unchanged during three developing periods ,indicating that PSⅡ primary reaction centres were not affected by low phosphorus stress.However, ФPSⅡ、ETR、qP were significantly decreased and NPQ wes significantly increased under the low phosphorus stress. In the aspect of excitation energy distribution,both D and Ex increased while P declined significantly. It suggested that the pathway of electron transport through PSⅡ was blocked,In this case,the plant of rapeseed had triggered exicitation energy dissipation to confess the low phosphorus stress.

  Effects of Canopy Photosynthetic Characteristics for Yield of Different Genotype of Malting Barley He Qingxiang, Zhang Enhe, Zhao Yongping, , Zhu Ya 2008, 24 (12):  237-241.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 546328KB )   ( 634 ) Using convinientable photosynthetic analyzer to study changes of photosynthetic rate (Pn)of different genotype malting barley,analysis the effect for yield.The results showed that: LAI of tow-rowed malting barley M-22、KH LEDI、Pasadena、Z014J081J、MERIT、Z090M066M were all high, LAI of American genetype Z014J081J was maximum, it’s value was 2.69; There was a positive correlation between LAI and yield of different genotype malting barley,From flag leaf stage to later filling stage, the correlation between LAI and yield was very significant; Relational analysis shows, There was a positive correlation between photosynthetic rate (Pn)and yield of different genotype malting barley. The correlation between Pn and yield was very significant at booting,heading to flowering and later filling stage, the correlation index was 0.5024,0.5359,0.6758.

  Study on seed dormancy mechanism of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Huang Wei,Fan-Yun MENG,Wen-Sheng ZHANG,Yong-Yan WANG 2008, 24 (12):  242-246.  Abstract + ( 1957 )   PDF ( 584639KB )   ( 1054 ) Abstract: To explore the underlying mechanism of seed dormancy of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, we study water absorption characters, germination inhibitor and endogenous mechanism during its dormancy and after-ripening process. The results showed that seed dormancy of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was morphysiological dormancy. The incomplete development of embryos and germination inhibitor was the main reason for seed dormancy. As the seed absorbed water easily, it would not induce seed dormancy. Endogenous hormone ABA and GA3 played an important role in seed dormancy and germination. ABA was the key factor for seeds germination, the reduction of ABA was the initiatory factor for embryo development, while the increased GA3 benefited physiological after-ri pening. Germination inhibitor may inhibit seed embryonic development; it would not relate to physiological after-ripening. In fact, the long period of low-temperature in habitat was the environmental factor for long time seed dormancy of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

  Effects of Nacl and pH Stress on Growth of Roots and Duds and cell division in Garlic 2008, 24 (12):  247-250.  Abstract + ( 1844 )   PDF ( 521217KB )   ( 874 ) Abstract: Effect of different NaCl concentrations and pH values on garlic growth and cell division were studied in this paper. The results showed that 0.3% NaCl could stimulate growth of the garlic shoot and root in a certain degree, and suitable pH values for garlic growth were from 6.5 to7.5; Mitotic index for prophase or metaphase in root tip cells was a little higher under low concentration of NaCl than that of normal condition; Efect of different pH values on garlic growth and cell division was not obvious; Interaction of NaCl and pH could intensify the impediment for garlic growth and cell division; Over 0.7% NaCl could cause some abnormal behavior during the mitosis, such as chromosomal bridges, tri-pole spindle and chromosome disintegration. In addition, NaCl stress could significantly affect root cell elongation.

  Gradually drought on Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics in Peony Zhang feng , Kong Xiangsheng, Fan Zhiye, Zhao Yongtao, Shen Xianglei 2008, 24 (12):  251-255.  Abstract + ( 1652 )   PDF ( 542714KB )   ( 841 ) （OBJECTIVE）Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under gradually drought,（METHOD）The photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of peony varieties Hu Hong and Luoyang hong，soil gradually drought, the photosynthetic response from the peony, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence to study the changes in photosynthesis and Peony fluorescence characteristics. （RESULTS）With the increase soil moisture stress, leaves the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decline in intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased drought reduced Peony net photosynthesis, gas exchange restrictions. （CONCLUSION）75 percent of the soil moisture content best suited to the relative growth of the peony, also found that compared with the drought stress, too much moisture Peony more negative growth. Comparison between the different species found, Hong Hu Hung more drought-tolerant than in Luoyang, wider adaptability．

  Effect on Using Cellulase to Degradate Cellulose in Flue-cured Tobacco Li Guodong. , Ma Haiyan, Yu Jianjun, Yang Hanwen, Dong Gaofeng 2008, 24 (12):  256-259.  Abstract + ( 1908 )   PDF ( 537516KB )   ( 815 ) In order to reduce the content of cellulose in tobacco leaves after flue-curing and change the adverse effects of cellulose on tobacco leaves,the influences of the different amount of cellulase on tobacco cellulose content, chemical components and neutral aroma components was studied. The results showed that the content of cellulose was decreasing and the content of total sugar and reducing sugar was increasing as increasing of the quantity of additional amylase.When the amount of cellulase was 40ｕ/g,the amount of neutral aroma components of tobacco could increase 25.52%.

  土壤肥料科学

  Effects of combining application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the some PLFAs dynamics of microbial community in the Flue- cured tobacco soil Tang Lina, Zhang Qiufang, Liu Bo, Lin Yingzhi, Liu Danying, Shi Huai, Yang Shusheng, Wang Guofen 2008, 24 (12):  260-265.  Abstract + ( 1803 )   PDF ( 763295KB )   ( 1059 ) Effects of combining application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the diversity dynamics of microbial community and the specific PLFAs biomarker in the soil of the flue-cured tobacco were studied by the PLFAs method and the diversities indexes of ecology. The results showed that the effects of combining application of different kinds of organic and chemical fertilizers on the diversities indexes were different during in the course of growth period for the flue-cured. It was clear that combining application of organic and chemical fertilizers could improve the value of Shannon-Wiener（H）, the abundance(S)，Pielou evenness（J）and Simpson index（D）,and the treatment of the chicken litter was better than the treatment of cake fertilizers. The total biomass of PLFAs and the specific PLFA, such as 16:0,18:1w9c,17:0 10Me,16:0 10Me,16:1w5c and 18:1w7c so on, were all reach the highest amount at the maturity stage of the flue-cured. At the same time, those treated with the pure chemical fertilizer were all lower than organic and chemical fertilizers treatments. The amount of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria PLFAs biomarkers 16:0 10Me and Anaerobe’s PLFAs biomarkers 18:1ω7c in the treatment of chicken litter were higher than that in other treatments, but the amount of 16:1ω5c which was Methanotrophs’s PLFAs biomarkers in the treatment of cake fertilizers was higer than that in other treatments.

  Effect of soybean continuous cropping on the rhizosphere soil nutrition Sun Lei,, 2008, 24 (12):  266-269.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 444579KB )   ( 734 ) By the Laboratory of rhizosphere soil nutrition ,we cleared the Effect of soybean continuous cropping on the rhizosphere soil nutrition.The result showed that as the year continuous ,the pH of rhizosphere soil was lower ,and the content of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc, Boron, Molybdenum, organic matter in the rhizosphere soil was lower ,but the content of Iron, Calcium, Manganese had non-alignment law.

  Effects of mixed microorganism fertilizer on improvement of saline soil and Chinese cabbage quality Yan Huijun, Pang Huancheng, Li Yuyi, Liang Yesen, Zheng Junlan, Hou Xunbo 2008, 24 (12):  270-273.  Abstract + ( 1604 )   PDF ( 487246KB )   ( 828 ) Field experiments were conducted to research the effects of bio-fertilizer on saline soil bulk density, microorganism amounts, soil saline distribution and Chinese cabbage quality. The results indicated that compared to no fertilizer, fertilizer treatments and base treatment, respectively, mixed microorganism fertilizer could increase soil bacteria amount 106.04%, 58.99% and 48.12%, while decreased soil bulk density 0.05g/cm3, 0.03g/cm3 and 0.02g/cm3. Mixed microorganism fertilizer could effectively decrease soil salinity in plowing depth, but had little decreased effect on 1 m soil depth. Applying mixed microorganism fertilizer could improved Chinese cabbage quality, which decreased plant Nitrate content by 0.14mg/kg and 1.80mg/kg, while increased soluteable sugar content by 0.4% and 0.8% compared to no fertilizer and fertilizer treatments, respectively.

  Effects of NAA application after removing the shoot apex on growth, K+ and nicotine concentrations in component tissues of flue-cured tobacco plants Ji Hongjie,, Li Chunjian, Xu Hui, Zhang Fusuo, Hong Lifang, Zhang Jun 2008, 24 (12):  274-279.  Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 722609KB )   ( 692 ) To demonstrate the effects of NAA application after removal of the shoot apex on increasing in K+ concentration and decreasing in nicotine concentration in different leaves of tobacco plants under the field conditions, and to provide a evidence for better tobacco production. Field experiments were conducted in three years (1999, 2000 and 2001) in Yunnan province to determine the effects of NAA application after removing the shoot apex on plant growth, K+ and nicotine concentrations in different organs of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that, excision of the shoot apex caused a net decrease in total K+ content of whole plant, a decrease in K+ concentration while an increase in nicotine concentration in different leaves. Application of NAA onto the cut-surface of the stem after removal of the shoot apex stimulated K+ uptake and distribution into the leaves, resulted in increase in K+ concentration and decrease in nicotine concentration in different leaves. Applying NAA twice (once again two weeks after the first application) could further improve leaf K+ concentration, but cause a slight decrease in leaf dry weights. Keeping plant intact (no removing the shoot apex) resulted lower leaf dry weights and yield, and poor leaf quality, compared with the apex-removed plants, although the leaf K+ concentration was higher in intact plants. NAA application one time after removal of the shoot apex was enough for increasing in K+ concentration and decreasing in nicotine concentration in tobacco leaves.

  Effects of Different Application Methods of Water-holding Agent on Cotton Wang Xuejun, Han Guangjin, Dong Xiaoxia, Liu Zhaohui 2008, 24 (12):  280-282.  Abstract + ( 1479 )   PDF ( 379511KB )   ( 735 ) Effects of different application methods of multi-function water-holding agent on growth and yield of cotton were studied. The results showed that cotton yield increased through different application methods of water-holding agent, and the best method is row application, the better method is seed dressing, the last one is broadcast application. The best quantity of row application was 75.0 kg/hm2, seed dressing was 1:1 of water-holding agent and seed weight, and broadcast application was 500kg/hm2. The main reason for increasing cotton production were to increase the number of bells per plant and the average boll weight.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization Systems on Soil Labile Organic Matter and Carbon Management Index of Reddish Paddy Soil Wu Xiao-Dan,Li-Xiang Cai,yan-hong lu,jian xie,yu-lin liao,sheng-xian zheng,jun nie 2008, 24 (12):  283-288.  Abstract + ( 1977 )   PDF ( 690720KB )   ( 734 ) Effects of long-term fertilization on labile organic matter and carbon management index(CMI) in reddish paddy soil were studied in order to assess soil quality．The treatments selected in this study were: CK (no fertilizer application); NK (nitrogen and potassium fertilizer); NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer); NK+PM (NP plus pig manure); NPK+RS (NPK plus rice straw).The results indicated that high labile organic matter was the main part among labile organic matter in reddish paddy soil. There were obvious effects of long-term fertilization on labile organic matter fractionation in reddish paddy soil. After 25 year long term application of no fertilizer (CK)，the labile organic matter in soils and CMI were decreased. Soil total organic matter and labile organic matter content in the treatments with fertilizer applied were higher than those in CK and initial soils, and there was significantly increase in labile organic matter and CMI. The CMI in the NPK+RS treatment was the highest; whereas the lowest in NK treatment. The effects on labile organic matter fractionation of combined application of organic with inorganic fertilizer were more significant than chemical fertilizer. The change ranges of soil labile organic matter content and CMI were larger than that of soil total organic matter，of which change range of CMI was the largest. The correlation between CMI and rice yield was significant (p<0.01). This study showed that CMI was a good index to assess influence of fertilization practice on soil quality.

  Progress in the Research on the Impact of Gravel Mulch on Infiltration and Evaporation 2008, 24 (12):  289-293.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 584494KB )   ( 777 ) Gravel mulch could prevent soil from eroding by water，cut off soil capillary action, and it have an influence on infiltration and evaporation. This paper introduces research results in domestic and overseas. Research results showed that gravel mulch increase or decrease infiltration, and it depend on grain size and position of gravel in the top layer; gravel mulch could reduce evaporation, and it is mainly attributed to particle size, color and mulch thickness. Some foreign scholars described the mechanism of infiltration and evaporation under gravel mulch by quantitative model. Based on laboratory experiments under controlled conditions, it has difficulty for practical use. Thus, further research will be necessary for exact parameterization.

  Effects of Maize Straw Decomposition on Soil Available Nutrient by Multiple Factors Interaction Wang Hui, Wang Yilun, Wang Jin, Zhao Qiufang, Ma Haiyang, Li Weihua 2008, 24 (12):  298-300.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 389604KB )   ( 655 ) In order to accelerating maize straw decomposition and improving soil fertility, pot experiment was conducted to study effects of maize straw decomposition on soil available nutrient by multiple factors interaction with five treatments(CK, water, water + nitrogen, water + microorganism, water + nitrogen + microorganism). The results showed that microorganism and nitrogen supplied could mineralized organic P speedily and increased soil available P. Nitrogen fertilizer increased content of available nitrogen, in addition, nitrogen fertilizer supplied nutrition for microorganism to improve their activities, more nutrient was released from maize straw decomposition in the later period, organic K mineralization was improved，soil available K content increased by ranging from 12.62% to 18.19%. Optimal water, nitrogen and microorganism coordination could increase content of organic matter, increase by 7.62%-9.45% four months later. Compared with other treatments, take considering of soil available nutrient and soil organic matter as a whole, water + nitrogen treatment was better.

  Effects of AMF on Growth of Maize under different N and P supply levels DENG yin,LUO Wen-Qian,ZHU Jin-Shan,GONG Chun-Ming,GAO Run-Xia 2008, 24 (12):  301-303.  Abstract + ( 1589 )   PDF ( 405017KB )   ( 809 ) The experiment used a perlite and drip-irrigation system to compared the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize under different N and P supply levels. Research showed that: The arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rate declined while the N and P supply levels was increasing, and AMF was no contribution to plant nutrition when the presence of high or low nitrogen or phosphorus levels. Inoculation significantly increased the plant biomass and P concentration under medial supply levels（N:2mol/L, P: 0.1mol/L）, but there was little effect on N concentration. Wherefore, The arbuscular mycorrhizal improved phosphorus nutrition on maize more than nitrogen.

  The effect on soil microbe and enzymes of Lead pollution Hong Chunlai, Jia Yanbo, Wang Runyi, Du Peisheng 2008, 24 (12):  304-307.  Abstract + ( 1646 )   PDF ( 480237KB )   ( 787 ) Abstract: The soil incubation experiment was carried out to study the effect on soil microbe and enzymes under Pb addition. The results showed that there are discrepancial effects of heavy metals on soil enzymes. Soil basal respiration increased with increasing Pb leading, however, the activity of urease markedly declined with increasing Pb loading. Dehydrogenase activity slightly increased at low level of Pb and decreased at higher level, which indicated that the two kinds of soil enzymes activity is feasibility to act as index of Pb pollution. There are not statistical regularity between the soil phosphatase activity and Pb addition, which shows that soil phosphatase is not available to act as an index to evaluate Pb pollution.

  Evaluation of the farmland fertility of Mingguang city based on GIS FANG Can-Hua,Guo-Ping QIAN 2008, 24 (12):  308-312.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 681637KB )   ( 823 ) The database of arable land resources of Mingguang city was build on the basis of information in the Balanced Fertilization On Soil Testing and Second Soil Survey with GIS. Then, fertility evaluation index systems were established in each type of cultivated land area, according to the three major types of cultivated land area characteristics in Ming -guang city(Plain influx of farmland soil type, type of paddy cultivated land area, hilly mountain area of arable land types). The automatic and quantitative valuation procedure was realized by adopting various mathematical models and methods such as system cluster , Analytical Hierarchy Program , fuzzy math, etc and supported by GIS techniques. The area and spatial distribution information of cultivated land fertility were acquired in Mingguang city, and the results were consistent with local conditions according to field survey and analysis. The approach was feasible and effective in cultivated land fertility assessment. This research contributes significantly to scientific management and sustainable use of cultivated land resources.

  园艺园林科学

  Analyses the nut qualities of different walnut cultivars Zhang Meiyong, Xu Ying,Liu Jiafen,Xu Lin 2008, 24 (12):  313-316.  Abstract + ( 1844 )   PDF ( 400552KB )   ( 851 ) Investigated the shell character of walnut cultivars at prensent,including shell smoth,single nut weight,the rate of kernel weight and nut weight etc.The better are Xiangling,Luguang,Fenghui,Daixiang,No.2 of Luguo,No.2 and No.6 of Liaohe.Analysed the internal qualities of varieties,primary facters are fat and protein,the higher content are No.2 and No.3 of Luguo,Daixiang,No.3 and No.6 of Zhonglin,Fenghui etc.

  Effects of Harvest Date on Fruit Quality of Jingbai Pears during Shelf-life Period Jia Xiaohui, Tong Wei, Wang Wenhui, Zhang Zhiyun, Xia Yujing, Wang Zhihua, Ding Dandan 2008, 24 (12):  317-320.  Abstract + ( 1445 )   PDF ( 525054KB )   ( 603 ) This paper studied integrated quality of Jingbai pears for three harvest dates which were picked at 130,137 and 144d after full bloom（DAFBⅠ—Ⅲ). Results are indicated: Jingbai pears is a kind of typical respiration climacteric fruit. There was significant difference for weight per fruit , ethylene production, flesh firmness, soluble solids contents, pH, coloration index of seed, pericarp color between different harvest dates. These can be the major technological index as the optimum harvest maturity of Jingbai pears. During shelf-life period, the later the harvest date, the shorter start-up time it took to the fruits of ethylene peak. Meanwhile, the later the harvest date, the higher solids contents and L value.

  Research on germplasm resource and propagational technology of Bougainvillea in China 2008, 24 (12):  321-324.  Abstract + ( 1500 )   PDF ( 635456KB )   ( 1006 ) In order to offer reference to integrated application of species for Bougainvillea in China，this paper discussed the taxonomy，biology and physiology characteristics of bougainvillea，reviewed the research advances on classification，distribution and evaluation，collection and storage of germplasm resources of Bougainvillea，and summarized genetic breeding，seeding seedlings，cutting seedlings and tissue culture of Bougainvillea. So as to put forward the direction of innovative research and application based on indicated problems in research of germplasm resources of Bougainvillea.

  Study on the detection methods of long-term storage pollen viability of Paeonia lactiflora Pall Li Gang, Gao Min, Wang Zibin,Cheng Shiping, Shi Jiang 2008, 24 (12):  325-328.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 474070KB )   ( 777 )

  Survival of Bindwood in Reverse Cuttage and Plant Polarity Zhou Yinli, Chen Guangqin, Yang Changli, Wang Liyan, Wu Zhengpeng 2008, 24 (12):  329-330.  Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 280095KB )   ( 840 ) Normal cuttage was used In cutting propagation, with the bindwood branches collected in the same day as tested material, 2 treatments of normal and reverse cuttage were set up to observe their natural germination. The result shows that the branches in reverse cuttage could also grow out new shoots and roots, and they could grow to be mature plant as the branches in normal cottage, so the bindwood branches can survival in the reverse cuttage. Now the reports of the plant which can survival in reverse cuttage are increasing, and in cutting propagation, reverse cuttage was superior to normal cuttage for some plants.

  Studies on the morphology of adventitious root formation in hardwood cuttings of Autotetraploid Grape Muscat Hamburg Qi Yongshun, , Du Guoqiang, Zhang Zhihua, Zhang Jingzheng 2008, 24 (12):  331-334.  Abstract + ( 1614 )   PDF ( 475937KB )   ( 783 ) Abstract: Morphology of adventitious root formation in hardwood cuttings of Autotetraploid Grape Muscat Hamburg was studied. The cuttages of Autotetraploid Grape Muscat Hamburg, diploid Grape Muscat Hamburg, Bate, Kyoho Grape and Dog Ridge were used as materials in this paper. The cutting was carried in automatic temperature control cutting bed. The rooting rate, the root number and root length per cottage, and the number and length of lateral roots per primary root were investigated termly. The results indicated that the date of adventitious root emerge of Autotetraploid Grape Muscat Hamburg was postponed 3d in hardwood cutting. The rooting rate, the root number and the root growth per cuttage decreased remarkably. After cutting 21d, The rooting rate, the root number and the root length per cuttage were 22.6％, 0.52, and 1.6cm respectively. They were significantly lower than diploid Grape Muscat Hamburg, whose rooting rate, root number and root length per cuttage were 58.8％, 3.27 and 14.6cm respectively.

  Effect of incubation temperature and osmotic pressure in subculture media on retardant growth of explants during conservation in vitro in apple Wang Chen, Shi Xiaoxin, Du Guoqiang, Zhang Xiangying 2008, 24 (12):  335-338.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 527780KB )   ( 702 ) The osmotic pressures in subculture media and incubation temperatures were applied to explants during conservation in vitro in Fuji and Jonagold apple in order to achieve the optimal status for retardant growth. The results showed that a low incubation temperature can significantly retard the growth of explants. The optimal incubation temperature was 8℃ after an incubation at 25℃ for 5~10 d succeeding on inoculation of new plantlets, and these plantlets could be persevered for one and a half years with a survival rate of 100%. The increase of osmotic pressure in subculture media by enhancing the concentration of Agar, Sugar, and Mannitol could retard the growth of the explants. An increase of pressure retarded the amount of explant growth. But some explants died in media with a high concentration of Agar and Mannitol. The combination of osmotic pressure and temperature suggests that explants under incubation at a temperature at 8℃ and supplying 60 g/L Sugar in a medium would maintain their healthy status at the lowest growth rate. The effect had variation between cultivars with favorable results in Fuji when compared to Jonagold.

  Effects of Garlic Root Aqueous Extracts on the Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Melon in Continuous Cropping Soil. Chen Yougen, Zhu Shidong, Tao Hong, Zhu Shunqiu, Wang Dongliang 2008, 24 (12):  339-343.  Abstract + ( 1517 )   PDF ( 629209KB )   ( 815 ) Abstract: 【Objective】It is meaningful to study reciprocity on melon and garlic for relaxing the problem of soil sickness.【Method】contents of chlorophyll and parameters photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of melon ‘Jinmi’ leaves were measured after planting 30 days. Pot experiment of non-continuous cropping and continuous cropping soil was conducted by using garlic root aqueous extracts treatment. 【Result】The results showed that continuous cropping decreased content of chlorophyll and carotenoid, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs),intracellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate(Tr). Continuous cropping increased original fluorescence intensity(Fo),but deceased maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemistry efficiency of PSII (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP) of the melon leaves. After treatment of garlic root aqueous extracts, contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡand qP of the melon leaves were increased,while Fo decreased both continuous cropping and non-continuous cropping. 【Conclusion】Melon is a crop that it is not fit for continuous cropping. Garlic root aqueous extracts can promote melon growth and relax the problem of soil sickness.

  Effects of different light qualities on growth of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium) plantlets in virto under Light emitting diodes（LEDs） Wei Xing, Gu Qing, Dai Yanjiao, Xu Zhigang 2008, 24 (12):  344-349.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 697445KB )   ( 1366 ) replaced fluorescent lamp will be a major source for a wide range of plant tissue culture in future. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of light qualities on growth of chrysanthemum in vitro under light emitting diodes (LEDs), so as to provide dates support and theoretical basis on research of special light source in plant tissue culture.Combination the monochromatic light: red、blue、far-red and green generated by LEDs, Morphological characteristic, rooting, pigment content, carbon-nitrogen metabolism and antioxidative enzymes activities of chrysanthemum plantlets breeding 32-12 were compared with fluorescent lamp.The results showed that greatest stem length and the highest energy efficiency was obtained under monochromatic red light. Under blue light, the plantlets were low and strong, and root vigor was highest. Plants grown in complex of LEDs showed normal growth. Pigments under RBG were higher than other treatments. Red light promoted the contents of Chlb, blue light promoted the contents of Chla. The contents of starch in leaf is highest under monochromatic red light, RBG light stimulated the accumulation of soluble sugar、carbon hydrate、Amino acid Soluble . Blue light benefits to synthesize protein. Under LEDs, C/N ratios is higher than fluorescent lamp,With further improvements to be made, it is reasonable to expect that the total LEDs irradiation system

  The Effect of Bagging on Quality and Ca, Mg, K Nutrition of ‘Red Fuji’ Apple Li Mingyuan, , Guan Junfeng, Du Guoqiang, Park Hyung-Woo 2008, 24 (12):  350-355.  Abstract + ( 1396 )   PDF ( 674212KB )   ( 712 ) ‘Red Fuji’apples were bagged with red-inner and black-inner gray-outer outer double-layer fruit bag at 25,35,45,55 days after full bloom. The results showed that bagging at earlier development stage had a trend to increase weight per fruit, decrease the soluble solid content, but less effects on firmness and titratable acid content. Compared with control(Non bagging), the bagging at different time had no marked different influence on flesh Ca, K content, expect that bagging at earlier development stage increased Mg content, reduced the ratio of Ca/Mg of flesh at maturity stage. And also, the fruits were covered with three different types of bags（White inner and gray-inner gray-outer outer double-layer，black inner and black-inner gray-outer outer double-layer and red-inner and black-inner gray-outer outer double-layer）at 35th day after full bloom，the weight per fruit increased and soluble solid content decreased, respectively, but the Ca content and Ca/K had not significant difference with control, but the Mg content was increased by red-inner and black-inner gray-outer outer double-layer bag, and also the K content by black inner and black-inner gray-outer outer double-layer bag, but Ca/Mg decreased by these bags. Expect of this, there are no significant difference among other treatments.

  Cultural Connotations of Aesculus chinensis and Their Application in Landscape Architecture Wei Jiaxing, Jiang Weibing, Weng Mangling 2008, 24 (12):  356-359.  Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 683714KB )   ( 746 ) Aesculus chinensis is a kind of excellent ornamental tree which can be used in the landscape greening in all ages. According to the relative literatures, the resource attributions and main biological, ecological, ornamental characteristics of A. chinensis are sum up. The abundance cultural connotations of A. chinensis is summarized.The main ways of their applications in landscapingare put forward.

  Studies on Germination of Polygonatum odoratum 2008, 24 (12):  360-362.  Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 397123KB )   ( 810 ) Germinate characteristic property of wild Polygonatum odoratum in Laoshan Mountain area were studied in this paper. The optimum germination temperature was alternating temperatures at 20℃/25℃℃ and constant temperature at 20℃ or 25℃；Dark treatment had obviously effect on germination；the best seed soaking conditions of Polygonatum odoratum was 18-24 hours in 35-40℃ warm waters.

  Study on the Effects of Density and Fertilization on the Yield of Alpine Anti-season Cauliflower 2008, 24 (12):  363-366.  Abstract + ( 1398 )   PDF ( 364846KB )   ( 708 ) In order to find out the fitting planting density and fertilization level which could lead the alpine anti-season cauliflower to a high yield , I had investigated the effect ,basing on the four kinds of planting density and fertilization level , on the yield of the cauliflower . The result of this research told us that there were some distinct differences in the four kinds of planting density, and so was in the four kinds of fertilization level . The perfect planting density would be 2400 individual plant per 667 square meters . And the perfect fertilization level would be 78 kilogram per 667 square meters . Furthermore , there were also distinct differences in the mutual planting way basing on the above two factors .The optimal combination would be 2400 individual plant per 667 square meters of the planting density and 78 kilogram per 667 square meters of the fertilization level.

  Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Photosynthetic Parameters of Strawberry under Drought Stress 2008, 24 (12):  367-371.  Abstract + ( 1553 )   PDF ( 604684KB )   ( 778 ) Effects of abscisic acid and uniconazole on photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry under drought stress were studied. The results showed that abscisic acid and uniconazole could increase water use efficiency obviously compared to CK2, net photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、 stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration also changed a lot. Different exogenous hormones have different degree on photosynthetic parameter of strawberry, but which could all improve the ability of anti-drought stress of strawberry. The suitable exogenous hormones concentration range for application: abscisic acid is 1mg/L~4 mg/L, uniconazole is 25mg/L~100mg/L.

  Effects of Returning Straw to Soil on Cultivating of Cucumber in Greenhouse Mao Liping, Guo Shang, Feng Zhiwei, Zhao Chengfeng, Sun Zhongfu 2008, 24 (12):  372-375.  Abstract + ( 1595 )   PDF ( 487027KB )   ( 710 ) The effects of returning straw to soil of ‘wofengbao’ technology on cucumber cultivating is studied in this paper, the results shows that compared with normal (non-straw) cultivating, cultivating through straw-return of ‘wofengbao’ technology, the soil temperature of 10㎝ and 20㎝ was improved by 1.44℃ and 2.54℃ respectively in the beginning of growth stages, the soil temperature of 20㎝ was improved from 0.93℃ to 2.54℃ later. Cucumber’s growth stages were advanced, harvesting stage was prolonged, disease resistance and productivity were increased greatly. As a result, this technology can improve soil temperature, advance mature, prolong stage of picking, improve disease resistance and productivity of cucumber.

  Study on Physiological Change of Seeding of Strawberry in Long Cooling Storage 倪Ni Tingting, Zhu Shidong, Qian Xiaotian, Wang Wei, Deng Huan, Ma Rong 2008, 24 (12):  376-380.  Abstract + ( 1650 )   PDF ( 617120KB )   ( 792 ) Physiological change in cooling storage at 0℃ of six varieties of seeding of strawberry including big and small size were studied. The result indicated that the dry substance of seeding of strawberry decreased totally, the soluble sugar, the starch content and activity of CAT increased primarily then decreased, the turning point was sixty days after cooling storage, the nitrogen of saltpeter form decreased primarily then increased and decreased at last, the activity of POD increased all the time, the best variety of seeding of strawberry for cooling storage was big seeding of Hokowase,the big seeding was better than the small seeding for cooling storage.

  植物保护科学

  A Preliminary Study on fungistasis activity components of methanol extractions from Kochia scoparia Wu Jing, Su Xueyou , Shi Guanglu, Wang Younian 2008, 24 (12):  381-384.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 534393KB )   ( 861 ) For researching the fungistasis activity of broom cypress (Kochia scoparia) seed, this experiment used the tracing method of bioactivity to investigate fungistasis active component. Its ingredient were separated by column chromatography. The result showed that the bioactivity of methanol extracts were markedly higher than petroleum ether and chloroform extracts(P<5%)., F13 had better fungistasis effect on Monilia cinerea in all the separating ingredient.

  Path analysis of diversity and its main ecological indices of arthropod community in oil camellia orchard CAO Chuan-Wang,Chuan-wang CAO,Mingshan Zhou,Xiaolin Liu,Shoudong Bi 2008, 24 (12):  385-388.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   PDF ( 470551KB )   ( 749 ) To thorough investigate the effect factors of arthropod community diversity, the relations between diversity index and its main ecological indices of total communities and sub-communities were analyzed by path analysis. The results showed diversity index had a positive correlation with evenness and species richness, while a negative correlation with dominant concentration and dominance. Therefore, promoting the evenness, species richness and species of arthropod community could increase the diversity of arthropod community whereas decreasing dominant concentration and dominance through ameliorating condition in oil camellia orchard.

  Constitution and Characteristic of Weed Community of Leafy Vegetable in Guangzhou Region in Spring YUE Mao-Feng 2008, 24 (12):  389-393.  Abstract + ( 1555 )   PDF ( 569371KB )   ( 892 ) Weed survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to the leafy vegetable fields with different planting time and management levels in Guangzhou region in spring. The results showed that 35 species belonging to 12 families and 25 genera were found among them. Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa crusgali var.mitis, Cyperus iria, etc. were the main weeds. Weed community was mainly constituted of Eleusine indica + Portulaca oleracea + Polygonum aviculare in the fields with 5 years’ planting time; Portulaca oleracea + Echinochloa crusgali var.mitis + Cyperus iria in the fields with 10 years’ planting time and Portulaca oleracea + Cyperus iria + Amaranthus ascendens in the fields with long planting time. The Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index of weed community in fields with 5 years’ planting time were the largest. The smallest Riches index appeared in the fields with high management level (4.67). Clustering analysis showed planting time and management level were the main factors affecting weed community structure.

  Toxicity assessment of avermectin on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), by means of leaf protection rate Tian Sufen, Gu Xiaojun, Liu Wenjing, Wang Dehui 2008, 24 (12):  396-400.  Abstract + ( 1160 )   PDF ( 572141KB )   ( 571 ) [Objective] To provide data for toxicity assessment of avermectin on diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), the leaf protection role of avermectin was studied. [Method] The toxicity was tested by leaf-dipping method and the corrected mortality and leaf protection rate at 24h、48h or 72h were calculated.[Results] For the 2nd instar larvae, the LC50s at 24h、48h and 72h were >10.00mg/L、2.87mg/L and 0.56mg/L, respectively. The PC50s at the respective duration were 0.25 mg/L、0.82mg/L and 1.43mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, for the 3rd instar larvae, the LC50s at 24h、48h and 72h were >10.00mg/L、6.20mg/L and 3.00mg/L, respectively. The PC50s at the respective duration were 0.25 mg/L、0.82mg/L and1.43mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] Based on the leaf protection rate, the effect of avermectin on the tested insects came out quickly after tratment. But the corrected mortality should reach a high level while the toxicity became stable, otherwise the leaf protection effect would not be well enough.

  Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point of Edible Fungi Diseases and Insect Pests 2008, 24 (12):  401-406.  Abstract + ( 1737 )   PDF ( 861931KB )   ( 884 ) At present, it is noticeable for some mushroom-farms to use pesticides to control the damages caused by insects or disease in China. The incidents of pesticide residues in edible fungus products over Maximum Residues Limits at home and abroad have happened frequently. It seriously effected on the quality and safety of edible fungus products and it became a bottleneck which constrains edible fungus products export of china. In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of occurring disciplinarian of the common pests and diseases in the progress of edible fungus planting, it is suggested that edible fungus integrated pest management（IPM） is recommended include edible fungus production technology management, fungus diseases and insect pests critical control point, the use of pesticides Standardization and quality control throughout the edible fungi safety production and others. It is offered some advices to absolutely ensure edible fungus production safety and quality.

  Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis in different ecological region of Hebei Province 2008, 24 (12):  407-409.  Abstract + ( 1678 )   PDF ( 402272KB )   ( 801 ) Abstract: To study distribution and diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis in the different ecological area,806 soil samples were collected from Fuping Tianshengqiao, Laiyuan Baishi Moutaion ,Anxin Baiyang Lake, crop field in suburb of Baoding , herbs field in Anguo of Hebei. Forty six strians were isolated by temperature-antibiotic method. Eight kinds of cry gene, cry1, cry2，cry3，cry4，cry8，cry30 and cry32, were found by using PCR-RFLP, 11 Bt strains harbour unknown cry genes. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, results show that those Bt strains mainly express 130-150KD, 70-80kD, 60kD, 30kD protein.

  The Joint-toxicity and Field Efficacy of a Mixture of Lambda-cyhalothrin and 2008, 24 (12):  410-412.  Abstract + ( 1610 )   PDF ( 413777KB )   ( 569 ) The joint-toxicity of the insecitide mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and triazophos in Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley were studied by leaf immersion method .CTC of this mixture was equal to 183.2~255.0 in a significantly synergism.According to the maximum of the proper proportion of triazophos to lambda-cyhalothrin ,a 21% EC synergistic formulation was manufactured .Field control efficiency of 21% EC against Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley was excellent.The mixture,applied at 168~210mg/kg the tip effect was 81.65%~86.87%,and the population effect was 85.05%~88.11%,which were equivalent to 2.5% EW lambda-cyhalothrin and significant super to 40% EC triazophos.

  Studies on yellow-leaf disease of populus in Henan province 2008, 24 (12):  413-417.  Abstract + ( 1649 )   PDF ( 786074KB )   ( 744 ) The imperlment of populus yellow-leaf disease in Henan province extended sequentially,including 50 new regions,but in the old regions the disease didn’t diffused extensively.Relative to2007,the percentage of died populus is decreasing from 1% to 0.6%.The sprouts bourgeoned abnormality in part of the ill populus and its topmost leaves were morbidly small.However they were different from the pathologic witche’s broom.In the autumn and spring,this disease diffused evidently.This disease have no necessary connection with populus liveing through the winter.It Masked Symptom Under High Temperature Stress.Preferable management was usabal on lightening the state of illness,but it couldn’t be cured completely.There was no rules ont planting situation.The states of illness were worse and earlier.by investigation.The pathogeny may be relatived to the populus origin.No Disease-Resistant populus breeds were discovered.In the other tree species(e.g. platanus orientalis) the similar yellow-leaf disease were existent.

  生态农业科学

  Review of Crop Yield Gap 2008, 24 (12):  418-423.  Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 819623KB )   ( 988 ) There is a large gap between crop potential and actual yields achieved in farmers’ fields. Closing this yield gap will play an important role in increasing food production, especially for China, in step with continued growth in demand, possible climatic changes, and decreased resource availability. It introduced the importance of closing the yield gap firstly, and then summarized the research progresses in yield gap analysis at home and abroad as following aspects: the development of definition, research scale and methods. Major problems at present were put forward, and the research trends were also discussed.

  The Analysis of Soil Mechanical Composition and Available Nutrient under different Land Uses Patterns in the Loess Hilly Gully Region ZOU Cheng,Fu-Li XU 2008, 24 (12):  424-427.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   PDF ( 534344KB )   ( 854 ) According to determination of soil mechanical composition and available nutrient under different land uses in the loess hilly gully region，effect of soil mechanical composition and under different land uses in the loess hilly gully region were discussed in detail. The results showed that available nutrient content have little difference in 0-10cm and 20-40cm soil of grassplot, but available nutrient content in 0-20cm soil higher than in 20-40cm soil of other land uses patterns. Available nutrient content in Guanzhong area obviously higher than available nutrient content in loess hilly gully region, available nutrient content in grassplot lower than available nutrient content in other land uses patterns. Soil mechanical composition distribution in loess hilly gully region is silt>fine sand> thick sand≈clay. Available nutrient content and soil mechanical composition content was significant positive correlation.

  农业资源与环境科学

  THE STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMEMT OF THE WETLAND IN Zhong Yanxia, He Jing, Mi Wenbao 2008, 24 (12):  428-431.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 693815KB )   ( 663 ) The Ningxia plain lies in arid and semiarid regions of China,having wetland 122988hm2and many types. Based on the characteristics of the wetland resources in Ningxia plain, the questions being faced with the wetland are analyzed, including area reducing by being occupied，serious contamination ,only one using style ,low efficiency and so on in Ningxia plain .The methods of the sustainable development of the wetland resource are proposed, including reasonable planing，improving efficiency ,protecting biodiversity ,using oxidized pond ,disposing polluted water ,developing raising planting and tourism so on.

  The Effect of the Application of Sludge on Content of Heavy Metal in the Soil 2008, 24 (12):  432-435.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 468264KB )   ( 781 ) With the rapid increase of sewage treatment plants, the disposal and the environmental impact of sewage sludge have been paid more and more attention. Land application of sewage sludge has become an important way for sludge disposal due to its lower cost and higher efficiency. But heavy metals contained in sludge are important confined factor to sludge application on agricultural land on a large scale. The investigation of speciation of metals both in sludge-amended soil and in sludge itself may help to assess the bioavailable metal fractions and the possibility of mobilization of these metals in soil. The modified three-step sequential extraction procedure proposed by the BCR was used to predict Cu Pb Cd Zn fractional distribution in rice soil amended with composted sludge. There is significant increasing on Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn contents in rice soil amended with sludge application as compared with that in the reference soil. The total contents of Cu,Pb,Zn were much lower even in soil applied with sludge at doses of 60t hm-2 than national soil environmental standards. The fractional orders of four heavy metal elements in rice soil amended with sludge was followed: residual＞oxidizable ＞reducible ＞exchangeable and weak acid soluble. The stable orders of these metals in rice soils was followed: Zn＞Cu＞Cd=Pb.

  Investigation on cold damage of accessions conserved in National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository between 2007 and 2008 Zeng Xia, Hu Yanshi, Fang Jialin, Huang Huasun 2008, 24 (12):  436-438.  Abstract + ( 1525 )   PDF ( 380029KB )   ( 748 ) After the typical advective cold damage between 2007 and 2008, investigation was done in National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository. The results showed that diversity of cold endurance exists in the accessions of different genetic background. High percentage of 1981’IRRDB accessions had a certain degree of cold endurance and some selected elite accessions could be used for breeding.

  On-site Field Inentification Techniques That Grops Polluted By Gas 2008, 24 (12):  439-441.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 414220KB )   ( 749 ) Crops are often polluted and harmed by gas.Standard on-site field technical appraisement is scientific,objective,fair and fair-minded appraisement base.The article introduced common field site technical appraisement content.It put forward the field grade procedure ,methods and technology about site check ,findings interview,to survey accident scene ,to observat plants symptoms,to discriminate and affirm pollutants and grops polluted degree,field grading and classification,grops production,loss and evaluation ,etc.

  Analysis on the weather conditions of planting winter wheat of Nantong in recent 4 years 2008, 24 (12):  442-446.  Abstract + ( 1608 )   PDF ( 601208KB )   ( 731 ) Using the weather conditions of Nantong Meteorological Bureau and the experimental data of winter wheat of Nantong Department of Agriculture during 2003～2007,the paper analyzes the weather conditions of winter wheat in the all wheat growth periods ,in recent 4 years in Nantong. Then through the comprehensive comparative method, analyze the impact on wheat yield components of the climate change of Nantong .

  Effects of global climate change on China’s agriculture Liu Qiyong, , Zheng Jingyun, Ge Quansheng 2008, 24 (12):  447-453.  Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 246025KB )   ( 825 ) The present paper shows possible effects that global climate change affects China’s agriculture. As a result, its bad effects are more than good effects.

  Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Animals Yang Xu, Xiang Changguo, Liu Zhixiao 2008, 24 (12):  454-457.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 470654KB )   ( 831 ) With aggravation of industrial pollution and increase of agricultural chemical material, the problem of heavy metal pollution becomes more and more serious in soil; soil animals can absorb and accumulate part of residue of heavy metal which threats health of animals and human through food chain. On the basis of discussion of Characteristics of heavy metals enrichment, the author analysis comprehensively toxic effect on the soil animals of heavy metal from individual, population and community level and detoxification strategy of soil animal in soil which is polluted by heavy metal. Finally, in order to provide a reference for further studying, the author analyzed these issues existed and forecast the research trends in terms of methods to detect toxicity of heavy metals, combined pollution mechanisms, research of molecular mechanisms and soil animals' ecological restoration function.

  Advances in Studies on Chemical Constituents in Plants of Rhodiola L. and their Developping Utilization Qiu Yuanjin, Tan Yong, Wang Shaoming, Cheng Yuhuai 2008, 24 (12):  458-462.  Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 708414KB )   ( 1229 ) This article sumed up update studies both at home and abroad about the chemical constituents , resources utilization and products development of resource plant Rhodiola L. , and discussed the questions that have emerged in process of the practice , the relative strategies to solve these questions and the developmental orientation in times to come.

  Analysis of the Yield Composition and Benefits of Water-Saving Wheat in Different Precipitation Years Liu Yanquan, Yang Enshu, Qi Yanhua, Shi Keqiang, Wang Xuecai 2008, 24 (12):  463-468.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 704589KB )   ( 746 ) In three different precipitation years from 2003 to 2006, the yield and agronomic characteristics of 28 wheat varieties under only one winter irrigation were compared with those under normal four irrigations. The results are: (1) The tested wheat varieties had significantly different resistance to drought according to the yield level. Under only one winter irrigation, there was a close relationship between yield level and growth-period precipitation. (2) “Jingnong 02-2”, “Zhongmai 326”, “Beinong 9580”, “Zhongmai 12”, “Jingnong 04-133” and “Jingdong 8” had a better drought resistance among the tested varieties, with “Zhongmai 326” showing a better adaptation to water stress in heavy and normal precipitation years. (3) Under dry soil conditions, the formation of wheat spike from the tillers was influenced most, which could be used as the early appraisal and screening index for wheat drought resistance. (4) The varieties with better drought resistance can be widely used for water-saving cultivation techniques in heavy and normal precipitation years to relieve water resource deficiency of this district. However, only one irrigation in winter cannot meet the need of the normal wheat growth in drought years, and wheat yield decreased more than 48.89% compared to the normal irrigated wheat varieties in the drought year.

  Analysis of winter wheat yield constitution factor in east of Gansu province Zhang Moucao,, Zhao Manlai, Jin Zhengping, Huang Bin, Wang Ningzhen, Ma Changqing 2008, 24 (12):  469-472.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 448283KB )   ( 675 ) This paper analyzed the major winter wheat production by the number of grains per panicle and grain weight per ear, plant ears and a rate of infertility spike, while the yield components of the elements and the relationship between climatic factors, the results shown that the grains per panicle determined by the accumulated temperature mainly from the boot stage to jointing, but precipitation, sunshine, and other factors this period can meet its growth needs, its impact on smaller. Ears of corn grain determined mainly by the level of grain filling speed, milky stage leaf area index and by the average temperature during milky period to maturity. The number of ears per plant and to turn green winter precipitation and winter period of the beginning of the number of tillers, the tillers into high positive correlation with the trefoil stage of a negative correlation between the total number of plant. Infertility spike rate and flowering period to the milky sunshine hours into high negative correlation with other relevant factor less.

  热带农业科学

  Studies on the Main Characters of the Macadamia Var. Ikaika(333) Du Liqing, Zeng Hui, Zou Minghong, Zhang Hanzhou, Luo Lianfang, Lu Chaozhong 2008, 24 (12):  473-479.  Abstract + ( 1664 )   PDF ( 692039KB )   ( 687 ) The growth, yield ,kernel quality and wind resistance of Macadamia cv ‘Ikaika(333)’ introduced from the Hawaii were studied in the earier stage .The result showed that it was no remarkable difference between the growth of tree height , stem diameter and canopy diameter of Ikaika(333) and Kau (344), Own Choice (O.C), Makai(800), and Keauhou (246) in its early years. The yield of the young tree of Ikaika(333) was extreme significant higher than that of Kakea(508)、Keauhou (246) 、Kau (344)、Makai(800) and significant higher than that of own Choice (O.C) in cultivar comparison trial area,or higher than that of Kakea(508)、Keauhou (246) 、Kau (344)、Makai(800) and lower that of own Choice (O.C) in the main Macadamia plant regions in China. Compared with the main grown regions in the world, the yield of Ikaika(333) per tree in China was the similar to that of South Africa and lower than that of Australia and America;the yield per area was obvious higher than that of South Africa, the same as that of Australia and a litter lower than that of Hawaii. Its kernel rate, kernel average weight and oil content were similar to those produced in Australia and Hawaii. Under the condition of 7~11 level wind, its wind resistance was obvious lower than that of own Choice (O.C), obvious higher than that of Makai(800) and no remarkable difference with that of Keauhou (246) and Kau (344).

  Effect of feeding chicken in orchard of coconut on ecosystem and economic benefit of coconut Chen Siting, Qin Weiquan, Liu Liyun, Feng Meili, Wang Ping 2008, 24 (12):  480-484.  Abstract + ( 1525 )   PDF ( 541601KB )   ( 728 ) Feeding chicken in orchard of coconut, it is remarkable that the feeding may promote growth of leaf and yield of coconut. After feeding for three years, the coconut tree may take out 13.58 pieces of leaf and the yield of coconut fruits is 80.2 kg per plant in one year. It showed some extent resisting the pests and the diseases and the weeds in orchard of coconut. After test for three years, the kinds of pests and diseases and weeds were obviously reduced, the incidence of the pests and the diseases and livability of the weeds were the lowest. The feeding chicken in orchard of coconut may improve the nutrient of leaf of coconut, and increase soil nutrient, and acquire well economic incoming. The profit was 145440 Yuan RMB per hectare for feeding three years.

  Recent Rsearch Advance and its Protection and Utilization On Pteris semipinnata L. Yu Xu-Dong 2008, 24 (12):  485-489.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 769653KB )   ( 1185 ) Abstract:This paper reviews the biological characteristics, chemical composition and anticancer mechanism, propagation techniques and situation of the resources protection and utilization on Pteris semipinnata L., and also gives the corresponding proposals to the problems existing in the current study, simultaneously has carried on the forecast to its development scene.

  农业信息科学

  Information management system of soil samples distribution based on the public API provided by 51Ditu Ying-Zhi Lin,Ming-Xing Su 2008, 24 (12):  490-494.  Abstract + ( 1494 )   PDF ( 704400KB )   ( 753 ) An information management system of soil samples distribution based on the public API provided by 51Ditu was developed. The system included a spatial database with the geo-information about the Administrative Districts and an attribute database composed of the soil samples geo-information. The map that showed in the client web browser was drawn with the public API supported by the 51Ditu. The geo-information of soil samples supplied through the PHP function from MySQL database is overlaid on the map with the Ajax technology.

  Exploration on Digital Breeding of Maize 2008, 24 (12):  495-498.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 611666KB )   ( 810 ) Digital breeding comes out for the assistant of plant breeding based on modern computer and network technology by the dynamitic management of widely collected breeding data resources. It can greatly improve the breeding efficiency by the automatically analysis of huge information, to compute genetic diversity among the materials, to classify genetic group, to predicate the heterosis between the purity lines and to give intelligent suggestions to the breeders. Any environmental factors, scientific research development in biological and genetic development, breeders’ experiences, and field-test results of crosses etc. should be integrated into the digital breeding system.

  Effect of Nitrogen、Phosphorus、Potassium and Silicon on Yield and Quality of Peizaruanxiang 2008, 24 (12):  499-504.  Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 670028KB )   ( 679 ) This thesis studied on the effects of the usage of massive elements which included nitrogen、phosphorus、potassium and silicate on yield and quality of one aromatic hybrid rice combination, PeizaRuanxiang. The results showed that, with increase of nitrogen fertilizer level , yield、 effective panicle and whole grain rice rates enhanced; With increase of phosphorus fertilizer level, yield、effective panicle and 1000-grain weight droped；the potassium chloride fertilizer levels had no obvious influence to the yield, the effective panicle , the grains per panicle and the burliness rate；With increase of silicate fertilizer levels, the whole grain rice rate and the degree of chalkiness droped.

  Simulation Study on Dry Matter Partition and 2008, 24 (12):  505-510.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 662781KB )   ( 634 ) A simulation model of dry matter partition and yield formation based on the accumulated product of thermal effectiveness and PAR (TEP) is designed in this paper in accordance with the relationship between organ vegetation of sweet potato and temperature and radiation and is validated by the experimental data. The results show that the simulated results of shoot dry weight, root dry weight and tuber root dry matter conform to the actually measured values very well. The fit values between the simulated results and actually measured values are separately 0.97, 0.96 and 0.95 (all obviously related to 0.01 levels) and the forecasted relative errors are separately 1.23%, 1.89% and 2.45%. The simulation system uses C++ Builder6.0 to develop an executable model system on Pentium(R) 4 CPU and 512MB memory computer with Windows XP operation system. Compared with the existing vegetation model of field crop, the model created in this paper not only has high forecast accuracy and complete function but also acquires the parameters easily and has strong practicability. The model can forecast the dry matter partition and yield index so as to provide decision-making support for the production management optimization.

  Certain tobacco control policies’ values from the tobacco giant’s supporting FDA’s control of the tobacco industry GONG Jin-long 2008, 24 (12):  511-513.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 490239KB )   ( 920 ) Although there are many convincing evidences proving that FDA supervise tobacco industry would bring negative influences; Although there are many convincing evidences proving that the second-hand smoke doesn’t engender important health harm to non-smokers, the anti-smokers still constantly ask the government to constitute tobacco control policies, tobacco tax increases is another tobacco control policy by the anti-tobacco movement. They think that the tax increases can bring on the cigarette price’s increases, thus the cigarette consuming amount can be reduced. But the tax increase’s result lead to the rampancy of counterfeit and illegal cigarette product, it also brings a series of negative influences to the society.

  农业工程科学

  Empirical Analysis in the quality of the farmland in front and back land consolidation Qiang Su 2008, 24 (12):  514-518.  Abstract + ( 1558 )   PDF ( 566005KB )   ( 875 )

  A study on change laws of air temperature Yang Yanchao，Liu Shoudong，Xue Xiaoping 2008, 24 (12):  519-523.  Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 520960KB )   ( 915 ) In order to study the change laws of inside temperature in solar greenhouse, the micro-climate observation test was done in Laiwu city in Shandong Province. The change laws under different weather condition every month has been carried out detailed analysis, the result has indicated that the minimum inside air temperature in December, January and February was below temperature that tomato grow to be at a standstill without exception, and appears on 8 o,clock, and the time was postponed one hour on cloudy day; The time was followed by 7 o,clock, 6 o,clock and 5 o,clock in March, April and May; and the minimum temperature in March , April , May was the highest during clear day, less during cloudy day, and the least during overcast day; The most significance on correlation between outside and inside air temperature occurred during overcast day, less during cloudy day, and the least during clear day, and the correlation has obvious difference day and night, the correlation of the day is less than at night. Inside warming effect has a great impact on winter.

  Study on Mechanism of Controlling Wind Erosion in Farmland under Different Improving Measures Han Lei, Yang Zhiguo, He Kangning, Zheng Guoqiang 2008, 24 (12):  524-527.  Abstract + ( 1262 )   PDF ( 562621KB )   ( 711 ) Based on the field observation of wind speed, roughness, wind-break potency and sediment yield in Huang Yangtan sandy land, this paper analyzed the mechanism of controlling wind erosion under different measures. The results are mainly as follows: the small network of narrow-band which has a high performance in wind-break is a reasonable protection forest allocation in sandy areas farmland. In addition, the surface roughness of coverage and stubble in different ways are orders of magnitude difference to the autumn bare land. When there is the same density of coverage and stubble, the surface roughness and wind-break potency increase along with the rise of coverage and stubble height. On the other hand, the surface roughness and wind erosion resistance increase with the height of cover and stubble in the case of the same coverage.

  Using System Dynamics Model to Maximize Banana Planting Income by Selection Planting Date 2008, 24 (12):  528-530.  Abstract + ( 1538 )   PDF ( 428008KB )   ( 689 ) A model was developed and used to choose the best planting date of a banana field in order to optimize the total income. The model takes into account seasonal variation of the selling price of banana and banana bunch weight. The study was carried out in West of Hainan Island for once harvest per year field management strategies. The total income was outputted with input temperature per weeks only. The results of simulations showed that the optimal planting month is 22-25th weeks of a year and enables a 40% increase in income over other weeks. This approach is a first step towards economic estimation climate change on banana planting using system dynamics model.

  农村能源科学

  Development of New-style Solid Alcohol Fuel Zhang Xiaojuan, Liu Jiaxi, Hao Limin,Qian Ping,Wang Chang 2008, 24 (12):  531-534.  Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 617891KB )   ( 832 ) The preparation of new-style Solid Alcohol Fuel has been studied. Various influences on the properties of solid alcohol fuel have been discussed. The optimum reaction temperature is 70℃, and the best formulation is composed of 1.30% by weight dispersant, 4.76% by weight stearic acid, 0.62% by weight sodium hydroxide, 90.73% by weight industrial alcohol and 2.59% by weight distilled water. The solid alcohol fuel prepared under this condition has a melting point of 52℃,a heat value of -28.47kJ/g,the highest temperature of flame is 718℃.The solid alcohol is an environmental-friend fuel, its produce has no black smoke or harmful gas. From combustion experiment, an equation of combustion velocity has been educed, showing the quantitative combustion law of solid alcohol fuel.

  Analysis on rural energy consumption of China 2008, 24 (12):  535-540.  Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 693356KB )   ( 1680 ) With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the number and the structure of rural energy has changed obviously. The situation of Chinese rural energy is analyzed for studying it and finding the method of optimizing the structure of rural energy consumption. On the basis, the problem of rural energy consumption is raised and the proposals are proposed.

  三农问题研究

  STUDY ON POPULATION-CULTIVATED LAND-GRAIN SYSTEM BALANCE IN XINJIANG Chen Yu, Gu Jiancai, Wang Tao 2008, 24 (12):  541-546.  Abstract + ( 1445 )   PDF ( 618667KB )   ( 600 ) Based on an analysis During Recent Ten Years situation of Population- Cultivated Land- Grain System of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, this paper, by applying GM(1,1) model of the gray theory, makes a forecast for total Population and per capita grain consumption of Xinjiang province by 2010. The prediction shows that by 2010 population will reach 22.1774 million people and that grain consumption capacity per capita will rise to 162.45kg,it shows that the Total Grain Yield in Xinjiang by 2010 not only meets the grain demand of Residents in Xinjiang but also to makes contributions to the Food Security of China.

  Improving the circulation market of land contractual management rights for land operation Wu Hao, Miao Yuhong, Jiang Hui, Xu Dan, Jiao Weiping 2008, 24 (12):  547-550.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 585210KB )   ( 648 ) A properly developed circulation market of land contractual management rights is good for the developing of rural family-contract responsibility system, rebuilding of the traditional agriculture structure and establishing of a modern one, as well as improving of land productivity and labor productivity, transferring of the rural surplus labor and increasing of the farmers’ income. However, the current transfer market system of rural land contractual management rights is not healthy enough, e.g., lack of market circulation media organizations, and the agencies of land grading and land evaluating as well. In this paper, the author brings out a series of measures for improving the rural market economic system and consummating the market and its own legal system of rural land contractual management rights so as to achieve the objective of steadily developing scale-up operation.

  The Analysis of Agriculture Corporation Case Between Beijing and Chengde Ma Tongbin, Li Hua, Liu Xuejun, Wang Jun, Li Xingjia ,Wang Younian 2008, 24 (12):  551-555.  Abstract + ( 1234 )   PDF ( 692430KB )   ( 706 ) The paper studies evolution character and formation law of Agriculture Corporation between Beijing and Chengde from the market need，city agricultural development in Beijing and resources complementary. The paper reviews and summaries on the the course, characteristics, effect and experience of Agriculture corporation case between Beijing and Chengde. the study case shows that Agriculture Corporation between Beijing and Chengde is an effective approach to solve the poverty problem in regions surrounding Beijing and Tianjin and the typical mode of Agriculture Corporation in circum-bohai-sea region. This paper points out the Agriculture Corporation between Beijing and Chengde has been formed a model, and developed to be state policies support, market-driven , government push, enterprise entity, social participation , integrated design and peasantry benefit strategy model.

  On the path choice of Peasants Economic Cooperative Organization development——based on public policy perspective 2008, 24 (12):  556-559.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 607499KB )   ( 716 ) Strong support for public policies to farmers cooperatives the steady development of professional, have a vital role. based on public policy ，The author explore how to establish and perfect China Cooperation with the development of public policy system and support system, hoping to accelerate the pace of building new countryside.

  The Role of Professional Farmers' Cooperatives in Popularizing CHINAGAP 2008, 24 (12):  560-564.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 760372KB )   ( 915 ) Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) plays a significant role in food safety and is popularized in the world in recent years. Many countries have adopted GAP meet their national characteristics. China has also implemented a formal "Good Agricultural Practices" (CHINAGAP). Since China's traditional agriculture is still dominant, such a large number of scattered farmers conduct an independent production and operation that hinders the effective promotion of CHINAGAP. This article compares professional farmers' cooperatives with leading enterprises, and believes that the former can promote traditional agriculture structural adjustment and be more conducive to the promotion of CHINAGAP than the later in the "company plus households" model.

  Discussion on the Culture Construction of Public Institutions in Epoch 2008, 24 (12):  565-567.  Abstract + ( 1043 )   PDF ( 462918KB )   ( 970 ) The paper analyzes the role and significance of culture construction in the reform of public institutions, based on the actualities and problems of institutions' culture construction, puts forward some countermeasures.

  The balance of grain supply and demand the on Han Tai in Shan Xi Provice Liu Tao, Xie Yongsheng, , Zhao Lianwu, He Yifeng, Li Wenzhuo 2008, 24 (12):  568-571.  Abstract + ( 1651 )   PDF ( 534683KB )   ( 742 ) The status of food production, food consumption and demand for a study to explore changes in food supply and demand trends in Han Tai Area, the analysis of the factors affecting food security, explore and ensure food security strategies and measures.

  the status and management strategies of the development of agro-food quality and safety in China 2008, 24 (12):  572-575.  Abstract + ( 1806 )   PDF ( 603179KB )   ( 912 )

  Small and medium-sized enterprises in agricultural marketing partner selection evaluation Index System and Application 2008, 24 (12):  580-584.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 587953KB )   ( 583 ) Small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises exist their own disadvantages so that it is difficult for them to independently deal with competition in the market and strengthen themselves in the short time. Therefore, these enterprises don’t have their own advantages. Cooperation in agricultural market provides a perfectly new marketing ideas for small and medium-sized enterprises. How to choose the cooperative partners determines their success or failure of cooperation. From their own characteristics of the small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, This article designed a set of the partner selection evaluation index which is suitable for them. And then, this article use multi-layer fuzzy synthetic judgment method dealing with Positive Analysis to help small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises choose their own marketing cooperative partners.

  A static state analysis to consumption of country-resident in Northwest China liuli 2008, 24 (12):  585-589.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 545689KB )   ( 555 ) Abstract: By inducting Working model, the paper analyzes consumption behavior of the urban residents living in the northwest region of China rationally and qualitatively. We measures peoples consumption level in these places of several consumables food、clothes、dwelling、traffic、medical treatment、posts and telecommunication, and induces the differences with countrywide. At the last place, gives some opinions according to the practical situation of China. Key words: urban residents, consumption demand, consumption level

  The Lanxi County flax industrial development searches analyzes Wang Dong, Zhao Xiaoling, Yang Wei, Lu Mingming 2008, 24 (12):  590-593.  Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 609123KB )   ( 718 )

  The drawbacks and improvements of Chinese countries’ collective ownership of soil Xu Dan, Jiang Hui, Jiao Weiping, Wu Hao 2008, 24 (12):  594-596.  Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 444748KB )   ( 831 ) With the development of our society, the pattern of collective land ownership in China’s rural areas could not match with the improved production demand, therefore, reforming of the pattern is in great demand. This article first analyses the drawbacks in the pattern of collective land ownership in China’s rural areas regarding to its subject, object, rights and management, and then proposes some constructive suggestions.