Abstract: Effects of combining application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the diversity dynamics of microbial community and the specific PLFAs biomarker in the soil of the flue-cured tobacco were studied by the PLFAs method and the diversities indexes of ecology. The results showed that the effects of combining application of different kinds of organic and chemical fertilizers on the diversities indexes were different during in the course of growth period for the flue-cured. It was clear that combining application of organic and chemical fertilizers could improve the value of Shannon-Wiener（H）, the abundance(S)，Pielou evenness（J）and Simpson index（D）,and the treatment of the chicken litter was better than the treatment of cake fertilizers. The total biomass of PLFAs and the specific PLFA, such as 16:0,18:1w9c,17:0 10Me,16:0 10Me,16:1w5c and 18:1w7c so on, were all reach the highest amount at the maturity stage of the flue-cured. At the same time, those treated with the pure chemical fertilizer were all lower than organic and chemical fertilizers treatments. The amount of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria PLFAs biomarkers 16:0 10Me and Anaerobe’s PLFAs biomarkers 18:1ω7c in the treatment of chicken litter were higher than that in other treatments, but the amount of 16:1ω5c which was Methanotrophs’s PLFAs biomarkers in the treatment of cake fertilizers was higer than that in other treatments.