Abstract: As more transgenic cultivars become available, the contamination of conventional cultivars and wild relatives with transgenes and the unintended gene flow through natural crossing will become increasingly probable. Transgenic soybean accounted for 51% of the transgenic crops area planted worldwide in 2007. The geographical distribution of wild soybeans in China is very wide while great amount of transgenic soybean was imported, which could cause contamination by gene flow from the transgenic soybean to this wild relatives. As far as the ecological risk of the transgenic soybean in China is concerned, the authors reviewed the probability of gene flow between transgenic soybean and wild soybeans, and the possible post-hybridization effect was discussed as well. In conclusion, some future directions in this research field were proposed for optimization management of transgenic crops in China.