Abstract: The paper,from the point of economic efficiency, analyzes the relationship between property right form of genetic resource and efficiency of resource deploy.Firstly, the paper summarizes four property right forms of genetic resource existed in practice.Then, it compares the trade cost of every property right and product cost under every property right.It educes that,the efficiency of national right and community right are comparatively highter,the efficiency of all human common right and private right are comparatively lower.But,of the two forms of having highter efficiency,which is best is related to forming and developing process of the country’s genetic resource.