Abstract: China has the longest history of fish breeding in paddy fields.The traditional eco-agricultural mode makes full and efficient use of the water resource while increase the output of agriculture and aquatic products.Due to its significant effects in the economic, social and ecological aspects,such a mode has been passed down and become widespread in rice cultivating areas to grow into an agricultural heritage full of vitality. The making and the development of the tradition is closely associated with the natural resources, economic development,eco-environmental conditions and cultural tradtion.The traditional fish breeding mode, however, is confronted with many problems that call for emergent solutions.