Abstract: Allozyme variation and genetic diversity were evaluated among wild litchis sampling from two nature protection areas of Bawangling and Diaoluoshan in Hainan island. Eighteen loci of thirteen allozyme systems were detected and used for population genetic analysis. The results show that seven locally rare alleles were found in the two wild litchi populations in the study. A high level of genetic diversity was detected in the two wild litchi populations, with mean number of alleles per locusA=2.05, percentage of polymorphic loci P=61.1 in both populations, mean expected heterozygosityHe=0.23 in Diaoluoshan populations, and He=0.28 in Bawangling populations. The GST was 0.047, I=0.977, suggesting that nearly 98% of the total genetic diversity was distributed within populations. The two litchi populations should be protected as there are locally rare alleles respectively.