Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】To study on the variation level and correlations of the morphology, yield, quality and agronomic traits among different germplasm of C. deserticola. Methods: The morphology and yield traits of 61 individual plants were measured and weighed. At the same time, the quality traits were determined using HPLC method recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then, all the 16 traits were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS11.0 statistical analysis software. Results: Analysis of variance on all the traits shows that there are significant differences between different germplasm, especially the yield and quality traits. The coefficient of variation among the contents of acteoside was as high as 91.6%. As well, the diameter and length of the under-part were correlated significantly (at the 0.01 level) with the fresh and dry weight. However, there were no positive correlation between the quality traits and the morphology or yield traits. But the contents of echinacoside were negative correlated with the diameter of the upside of the stem. Conclutions: Results showed that there was ample diversity in morphology and quality traits, which will be a theoretical and material basis for Cistanche deserticola breeding. At the same time, correlation results provide scientific references for breeding objectives, cultural practices and collecting periods.