Abstract: The comprehensive utilization of crop straw will be processed straw to make it into feed, fertilizer, raw materials, and energy and so on; it will eliminate environmental pollution and ecological destruction, and protect the agricultural cycle of development. This article based on the investigation and research of straw utilization status in Heilongjiang Province Tailai County, evaluate the relationship between the comprehensive utilization of the straw in rural areas and a wide range of sources and intensification of the agricultural resources, diversification of the types of agricultural resources, the energy structure Optimization and ecological environment protection. And it also based on the arising problems in the course of comprehensive utilization of straw in Tailai County, put forward an effective solution.