Abstract: The PCR technique was used to amplify the mtDNA D-Loop in 30 individuals of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix collected from the Tai Lake. The PCR products were purified and cloned into pMD19-T vector and sequenced. As a result, 520 bp nucleotide sequences of partial D-Loop sequence obtained (the primer and some of the marginal sequences were excluded).By using CLUSTAL X(1.83) to align and compare the sequences of these 30 individuals with each other, 52 variation sites were observed, of which there were one deletions, 36 transition sites, 15 transversion sites and one transition-transversion sites. The pairwise genetic distances were computed by MEGA. The NJ phylogenetic trees was obtained through the cluster analysis over the pairwise genetic distance. As estimated by DNASP, the number of polymorphic sites(S) is 52; the nucleotide diversity (Pi) and the average number of nucleotide diferences (K) are 1.24%±0.35% and 6.368, respectively. It can be concluded that the variation in mtDNA D-Loop of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Tai Lake is relatively rich and wealthy on genetic diversity.