Abstract: Soil microorganism is an active factor in plant-soil ecological system, soil microbial diversity represents the stability of soil microbial community, which is of importance in both plant growth and development and its community succession. In this paper it was through the analysis of effects of plant type, plant diversity, different growth stages of the same plant, plant root exudates and exotic plant invasion on soil microbial diversity to discuss the interrelationship between plant and soil microbial diversity for providing references in studying of plant protection and agricultural sustainability.