Abstract: The constituents of the essential oil of peppermint（Mentha piperita L.）from Ganquan/Linyou/Xinyi/Qianyang/ Kuyu /Shibianyu and Fengshan and so on different elevation areas in Shaanxi were analyzed by GC-MS，38 kinds of compounds were respectively identified and quantified, which accounted for 96% of the total peak area respectly. The main chemical constituents of the essential oil of peppermint are identical，which is 1-menthone,1-menthol, menthlacetate, menthofuan,α-pinene,β-pinene, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, 3-octanol, isomenthone, pulegone, neomenthol, caryophyllene, sabinenehydrate, germacrene-D, piperitol, viridiflorol，isomenthone, and others；but their contents are different，hence the aroma quality among the essential oil is greatly different. Because their contents of the essential oil from Ganquan/Linyou/Xinyi/Qianyang/Kuyu and Shibianyu and so on higher elevation（1000-1500m） in Shaanxi approach from USA, the suitable proportion of the aromatic constituents, it makes the aroma mellow, mild, unadulterated, sweet, and the aroma quality better, which attains international good quality standard, hence the essential oil from region of lower latitude and higher elevation in Shaanxi can rival from USA for quality; The characteristic aroma of the essential oil from Changan Fengsan and so on lower elevation in Shaanxi is not obvious, the stability and the aroma quality is bader because of its lower content of 1-methol content, higher content of 1-menthone, and lighter flavor.