Abstract: The development of agriculture was more and more concerned with the adjustment of agricultural structure in recent decade. The purpose of analyzing the dynamic changes of agricultural economic growth in recent decade in Sichuan Province was to understand the improvement of agricultural structure and competitiveness. In order to analyze quantitatively the dynamic change of the agricultural structure, the course of agricultural structure change was divided into eight periods from 1998 to 2007. The reference area component, the industry mix and the differential (regional) shift were calculated by Shift-share Method according to the agricultural data in recent decade in Sichuan Province and in China. The agricultural economic growth, agricultural structure and regional competitiveness were estimated. Then the dynamic change of agricultural structure in Sichuan Province was analyzed by tendency analysis. The growth effect, structural effect and competitive effect were larger in Sichuan Province than the average in China in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007. And this result has showed that the agricultural development in recent years was consulted from these advantages. From 2005, the positive value of structural effect and competitive effect of agricultural economy was less and less. And the developing inertia of agriculture economy structure in Sichuan Province in 2009 would become the negative effects by the tendency analysis. The inferior position of planting and the unsteadily increase of stockbreeding were the influencing factors to the growth of the agricultural economy. Therefore, the sectors both planting and stockbreeding were of importance that needed to adjust so as to improve the agricultural structure and competitiveness in Sichuan Province in future.