Abstract: Eighty random decamer primers were screened for Random Amplified Polymophic DNA(RAPD) fragments to assess the genetic diversity among thirty-four natural population of Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Liriopes from different places. In the experimentation,1566 DNA bands were amplified by 15 effectual primers. Base on UPGMA cluster analysis,a DNA molecular dendrogram was established ,and the relation among different natural population and genus of Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Liriopes were ascertained.The results showed that, there exists distinct genetic differences and extensive genetic diversity among the samples and the wild resources more markedly than thecultivated type; the genetic differences are related to morphological differences，but not to geographic region.