Abstract: Livestock diversity is material basis of animal husbandry development, variety genetic resources of livestock diversity has been studied, but researches about factors which affect livestock diversity are very few. We made an investigation on factors which affect livestock diversity of Na Ban river basin natural reserve in this text. The result showed that factors affecting livestock diversity consist of five aspects: physical environment (elevation), the type of land utilization, social environment, humanistic education, disease prevention and control as well as scientific raising technology.