Abstract: In order to investigate the reaction and adaptation of Sesum lineare under water stress , the pot experiment was carried on studying the water stress and rewatering on Sesum lineare growth conditions, the relative water content (RWC) of Sesum lineare tissue, chlorophyll content, Sesum lineare relative membrane permeability, proline content, root vigor and activity of MDA, such as changes in physiological and biochemical indexes.The results indicated that Sesum lineare growth was restrained to some extent and the relative water content continually decreased under serious water stress; chlorophyll content was first increased and then decreased with the increase of water stress, membrane permeability increased during water stress; by the effects of water stress, proline content and MDA increased with the intensity of water stress increasing and reduces with the stress time going on, even the more degree of water stress, the content became higher. After rewatering, the growth condition of Sesum lineare had been markedly improved and a variety of physiological and biochemical indexes of Sesum lineare gradually returned to normal.