Abstract: The effects of fertilization time on population structure and yield of different rice panicle type were studied by different fertilization time experiment. The results showed that population structure and yield of rice panicle number type Mudanjiang 19 were the best when fertilizers were applied as base, tillering and granular fertilizer, and the yield was increased by 17.9%-34.3%. But population structure, yield and yield component factors of rice panicle weight type Xixuan 1 were the best when fertilizers were applied as base, tillering, panicle and granular fertilizer, and the yield was increased by 8.3%-22.6%.