Potato

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Impact of Dazomet Fumigation and Fosthiazate Hole Application on Potato Cyst Nematode Infestation and Potato Yield

FU Huijuan, YI Jun, SHAO Baolin, ZENG Shuocheng, ZHANG Haiting, LI Qiyong, ZHANG Hong, LI Xingyue

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (7): 8-14. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0084

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To prevent and control the spread of potato cyst nematode, a research on field control methods for this pest was carried out. In the experiment, dazomet fumigation and fosthiazate hole application were adopted. The effects of these measures on potato production were analyzed through various indicators, such as the SPAD value and nitrogen content of the leaves, plant height, plant weight, yield at maturity, and the number of potato cyst nematodes at the pre-sowing, flowering, and maturity stages of the potatoes, and the control effect of potato cyst nematode. The results revealed that both of the treatments significantly improved the plant height and enhanced photosynthesis of leaves. At the same time, the control measures reduced the infection of potato roots by cyst nematode. The average control efficacy of dazomet fumigation for potato new cysts nematode was 91.07%, which was significantly higher than that of fosthiazate hole application and control treatment. Compared with the control, dazomet fumigation and fosthiazate hole application increased the average yield by 20.13% and 9.69%, respectively. Dazomet fumigation was notably more effective in suppressing the potato’s infection of potato cyst nematode than fosthiazate hole application, and it also substantially increased the rate of big tuber and potato yield.

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Climate Suitability Analysis of Potato in Ningxia Under Background of Climate Change

WANG Yating, WU Zhiqi, ZHANG Lianhua, WANG Xianli

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (18): 150-157. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0218

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Potatoes represent the primary crop in Ningxia, serving as a pivotal industry for rural revitalization in the region. Leveraging agricultural meteorological data and daily weather records from potato planting areas in Ningxia, this paper employs a climate suitability assessment model. A spatiotemporal analysis of the climate suitability characteristics for potatoes in Ningxia is conducted. The findings reveal that, examining the comprehensive suitability index ratios for different decades during various developmental stages, the past decade demonstrates a relatively balanced average suitability index across different growth stages, followed by the 1970s. In contrast, other decades exhibit significant variations in suitability index ratios during different growth stages, with one or more stages showing lower suitability. Poor coordination of light, temperature, and water is identified as a climatic factor contributing to the pronounced inter-decadal fluctuations in potato yields. Under the backdrop of climate change, with increased heat resources, early-maturing plastic-mulched potatoes can be sown slightly later. Later flowering helps avoid high-temperature drought during flowering while coinciding with increased precipitation. Provided that the heat resources are sufficient to ensure maturity, sowing slightly later can also be beneficial for increasing yield. Spatially, the extremely suitable areas for potato cultivation include the entire territories of Haiyuan County and Xiji County, as well as most regions of Longde County, Jingyuan County, and Yuanzhou District, except for the high-altitude Liupan Mountain ridge, and the western part of Pengyang County. These regions have relatively favorable precipitation conditions, and although the sunshine is slightly less, it can still meet the growth requirements of potatoes. The suitable areas are in the majority of Tongxin County and the eastern part of Pengyang County. However, Tongxin County has less precipitation, which restricts the growth of potatoes and makes its climatic resources inferior to the previous region. The relatively suitable area is in the southern part of Yanchi County, where precipitation is scarce and droughts are common. The northern part of Yanchi County is an unsuitable area. The research results have scientific guiding significance for actual potato production and can provide scientific support for the layout and quality improvement of the potato industry.

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Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Compost on Yield and Quality of Potato in Semi-arid Area of Ningxia

ZHOU Yang, YANG Yongsen, DING Yuehua

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (15): 32-36. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0654

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To explore the effects of different degrees of fertilizer reduction and compost application on potato yield and quality in semi-arid areas of Ningxia, the potato cultivar ‘Qingshu 9’ was used as the test material, and a single factor randomized block design was used to set up six fertilizer reduction treatments, namely CK (single application of chemical fertilizer), T1 (chemical fertilizer reduction 10%+ composting 30000 kg/hm²), T2 (chemical fertilizer reduction 20%+ composting 30000 kg/hm²), T3 (chemical fertilizer reduction 30%+ composting 30000 kg/hm²), T4 (chemical fertilizer reduction 40%+ composting 30000 kg/hm²) and T5 (composting 30000 kg/hm²). The results showed that the yield of T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the highest yield was 30434.85 kg/hm², which was 106% higher than that of CK treatment. In terms of quality, with the increase of chemical fertilizer reduction, the contents of potato starch, Vitamin C and soluble sugar decreased first, then increased and then decreased. Among them, the quality of T4 treatment was the best, and the contents of starch, Vitamin C and soluble sugar were 23.33 g/100 g, 24.73 mg/100 g and 1.00%, respectively. Through principal component analysis of yield and quality indicators, T4 treatment with 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer was the optimal treatment. Under the condition of semi-arid area in Ningxia, the goal of high yield and high quality can be achieved when the chemical fertilizer is reduced by 40%.

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Effect of Liquid Mulch on Potato Yield Structure and Soil Physico-chemical Structure

LI Lu, HU Zhichao, QIN Jie, WANG Ying, CHANG Jiang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (15): 88-94. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0760

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To investigate the effects of liquid mulch on potato yield composition and soil physicochemical structure, considering the arid and semi-arid climatic characteristics of Inner Mongolia, liquid mulch was selected as the mulching material in this study with a view to increasing potato yield and reducing pollution to the environment. The experiment was conducted in Wuchuan County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and three treatment plots were set up, namely, basic liquid mulch (A), functional liquid mulch (B) and open field cultivation (CK). The results showed that through comparative analysis, the potato yield of the functional liquid mulch (B) treatment was the highest, reaching 1.98 kg/plant, with an increase of 0.26 kg per plant over the bare-ground (CK) treatment, with a yield increase of 15.12%. In addition, the commercial potato yield and commercial potato rate of the functional liquid mulch treatment were higher than those of the other treatments, indicating its superiority in improving the economic traits of potato. The results of soil nutrient analysis showed that there were significant differences in organic carbon, total phosphorus, pH and effective phosphorus content of soil under different mulching film treatments. Among them, the organic matter content was higher in the soil treated with functional liquid mulch. The economic benefit analysis showed that the functional liquid mulch film cover had higher profit and reduces the environmental problems of plastic mulch film at the same time. In terms of ecological benefits, the use of biodegradable liquid mulch was of great benefit to the alleviation of “white pollution” and the promotion of sustainable green development of agriculture. In summary, functional liquid mulch shows significant advantages in improving potato yield and quality and reducing environmental pollution, and it is an agricultural technology with good economic and ecological benefits.

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Effects of Potato/Legume Intercropping System on Soil Enzyme Activity and Potato Yield in Arid Region of Southern Ningxia

MA Xiaoying, MAN Benju, LI Tao, LIU Weifan, MA Fenglan, WAN Menghu, LIU Jili, WU Na

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (14): 13-24. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0666

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To investigate the effects of the potato-legume intercropping system on soil enzyme activity and potato yield in the arid region of southern Ningxia, a field positioning experiment with three different planting patterns, including potato monoculture (P), potato-soybean intercropping (PS), potato-broad bean intercropping (PB) were conducted for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021 to explore the differences of soil enzyme activity and potato yield in different intercropping patterns. The results revealed that intercropping significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase in 0-60 cm soil. The enzyme activities of each treatment were basically manifested as PS>PB>P, which increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period, and gradually decreased with the deepening of soil layer. In 2020, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.51%-4.69%, 7.96%-152.23%, 3.22%-192.00%, 5.75%-175.80% and 1.28%-9.10%, 4.11%-53.99%, 3.61%-140.27%, 4.27%-133.7% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. In 2021, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase of PS were 0.20%-4.63%, 0.84%-93.93%, 4.26%-143.26%, 4.85%-50.41% and 0.13%-8.83%, 0.05%-94.53%, 1.13%-334.33%, 7.15%-99.34% higher than those of PB and P, respectively. The potato yield showed PS>PB>P in both years. In 2020, PS and PB significantly increased by 13.96% and 5.33% compared with P, respectively. In 2021, PS and PB significantly increased by 33.85% and 14.31% compared with P, respectively (P<0.05). Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive scores of P, PS and PB in 2020 and 2021 were -0.79, 2.55, -1.75 and -2.69, 3.36, -0.68, respectively, and PS was the highest in both years. The intercropping of potato and leguminous crops promoted the increase of soil catalase, urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities, which provided a certain basis for soil formation and soil fertility improvement, and provided a better environment for potato growth and development, thus increasing the yield of potato. In this study, potato-soybean intercropping had the advantage of intercropping and could significantly increase potato yield.

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Analysis of Climatic and Ecological Adaptability of New Potato Varieties

WU Zhiqi, WANG Yating, WANG Xianli

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (11): 140-145. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0576

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In order to screen out new potato varieties suitable for field planting in Ningxia, two varieties of 'Jizhangshu 8' and 'Hutou' were planted by double ridge side hole sowing in the field environment, and 10 treatments such as different film colors and film mulching methods were set up. The results were analyzed by variance and repeated comparison. The results showed that the water content of black film was 5.1% higher than that of 0-20 cm open soil, and 2.3% higher than that of white film. The ground temperature was 0.6℃ higher than that in the open field and 1.5℃ lower than that in the white film field at 0-20 cm of autumn tuber swelling stage. The average yield of black film covered potato was 27000 kg/hm², which was 4500 kg/hm² higher than that of white film covered potato and 10500 kg/hm² higher than that of open field, with the increases of 20% and 63.6% respectively. The yield of black film was significantly higher than that of white film, and the yield of full film significantly higher than that of half film. The yield of 'Jizhang Potato 8' was significantly higher than that of 'Hutou', in which the weight of a single plant with black full film was 488 g higher; the output was 16311 kg/hm²higher, increasing by 306.5%, and the effect of increasing production was very significant. In terms of planting density, under the planting density of 30000 plants /hm², the yield was the highest, and the increase rate reached 27.7%. It is suggested to popularize 'Jizhang Potato 8' in a large area, which increase yield by more than 3 times under black full film cultivation by drip irrigation.

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Screening of New Potato Varieties for Cultivation in Winter in Longhai District of Zhangzhou City

HUANG Shuilong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (10): 25-31. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0315

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The study aims to select new potato varieties suitable for cultivation in winter in Longhai District, Zhangzhou City, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the potato industry. This study selected nine new potato varieties including ‘Zhongshu 50’, ‘Minshu 12’, ‘Yunshu 109’, ‘Longshu 24’, ‘Shiyan 1’, ‘Funong 4’, ‘Funong 5’, ‘Huasong 3’ and ‘Wotu 5’ as experimental materials for variety screening, the variety ‘Favorita’ was used as the control. The results indicated that the comprehensive characters of tubers of these 9 new varieties were recognized by the market with yellow-skin, yellow-flesh and oval-shape, which were not significantly different from ‘Favorita’. Compared to the control group, the fresh potato yield of ‘Funong 4’, ‘Funong 5’, ‘Zhongshu 50’, ‘Wotu 5’, ‘Huasong 3’, ‘Minshu 12’ and ‘Shiyan 1’ were increased by 42.63%, 39.66%, 29.00%, 25.39%, 20.69%, 10.19%, and 9.56%, respectively. Conversely, ‘Yunshu 109’ and ‘Longshu 24’ showed a decrease of 19.91% and 7.37%, respectively (P<0.01). In terms of overall quality of large and medium-sized potatoes, including yield, dry matter content, and taste, the ranking was as follows: ‘Funong 5’, ‘Funong 4’> ‘Wotu 5’, ‘ Shiyan 1’, ‘Huasong 3’> ‘Favorita’, ‘Zhongshu 50’> ‘Minshu 12’, ‘Yunshu 109’, and ‘Longshu 24’. Regarding field late blight resistance, ‘Longshu 24’ and ‘Huasong 3’ were as susceptible as ‘Favorita’, while the other varieties exhibited moderate susceptibility. The growth period for each variety ranged from 83 to 89 days. Additionally, ‘Minshu 12’, ‘Longshu 24’, and ‘Zhongshu 50’ displayed varying degrees of secondary growth, hollowing, and splitting of potatoes, whereas no such physiological defects were observed in the other varieties. In conclusion, the comprehensive performance of ‘Funong 4’, ‘Funong 5’, ‘Zhongshu 50’, ‘Wotu 5’, ‘Huasong 3’, and ‘ Shiyan 1’ in Longhai District surpasses that of ‘Favorita’. It is recommended that ‘Funong 4’ and ‘Funong 5’ can be used as primary varieties, while ‘Zhongshu 50’, ‘Wotu 5’, ‘Huasong 3’, and ‘Shiyan 1’ serve as alternative varieties for demonstration and promotion in local winter potato production.

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Effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ-Ray Radiation on Potato Starch Films

LIU Ying, GENG Dandan, LIU Liu, WEI Min, SHI Zhiqiang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 153-158. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0565

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The study aims to investigate the effect of potato starch that is irradiated by γ-ray radiation on the properties of starch film. Starch was irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-γ-ray radiation with different absorbed doses (0-50 kGy) and the starch films were made. The prepared films were characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that γ-ray radiation caused the breakage of glucoside bond and the breakdown of starch long chain molecules. The tensile strength and elongation at break of starch film increased and then decreased with increasing absorbed doses, the light transparent of starch film decreased and then increased. When the absorbed dose was 10 kGy, the mechanical properties of the film was the best, the elongation at break and the tensile strength were 62.37% and 3.73 Mpa respectively, however, the light transmission of the film was the worst, with the opacity value of 1.29. The solubility of film increased with the increase of absorbed dose. Insoluble starch granules decreased and the surface of starch films became more and more smoothed with increasing absorbed does. γ-ray radiation could effectively destroy the molecular structure and break starch molecular chain. The mechanical properties, light transmittance, water solubility and film forming properties of starch film could be significantly changed by irradiation.

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Relationship Between Agronomic Traits and Yield of Different Potato Varieties in Western Sichuan Plateau Region

WANG Yangmei, LIU Yan, FENG Kui, DONG Hongping, LIU Shaowen, YANG Yong, ZHANG Rong, HE Lian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (6): 29-37. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0312

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To select suitable potato varieties with different maturity periods for cultivation in the Western Sichuan Plateau, this study analyzed 12 yield and quality related traits across 18 potato varieties of different maturity periods, and further comprehensively evaluated their performance of yield and quality by combining multiple linear regression and correlation analysis. Our results showed that in early-maturing varieties, the variation coefficients of the number of tubers per plant, average single tuber weight, and vitamin C content were more than 30%, yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of main stems, and commodity potato rate was significantly positively correlated with average single tuber weight. There was a significant negative correlation between the commodity potato rate and both the number of tubers per plant and vitamin C content. In mid-late-maturing varieties, the variation coefficients of the number of main stems, vitamin C, and reducing sugar content were more than 30%, the commodity potato rate was significantly positively correlated with average single tuber weight, while growth period was significantly negatively correlated with plant height, starch, and reducing sugar content. This study clarified that the yield of early-maturing varieties was related to the number of main stems, number of tubers per plant and commodity potato rate, while the yield of mid--late-maturing varieties waas related to the commodity potato rate and number of tubers per plant. These findings provided a reference for screening and breeding of potato varieties in the Western Sichuan Plateau.

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Effects of Boron and Silicon on Control Efficacy of Potato Virus Y Disease and Antioxidant Defense Activities of Flue-cured Tobacco

CHEN Fen, LI Kai, ZHANG Xuemei, LI Yinglong, DUAN Kefan, CAO Hengmao, GAO Xin, ZHANG Jinghua, HUANG Min, DONG Yu

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (4): 108-113. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0329

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In order to provide reference for rational fertilization and green disease prevention and control in flue-cured tobacco, the effects of boron and silicon nutrient elements on the diseases prevention and control and the physiological mechanism were discussed. The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different boron and silicon application levels on the incidence of potato virus Y (PVY) disease and defense enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco named ‘Yunyan 100’. The results showed that the application of boron and silicon reduced the incidence and disease index of PVY in flue-cured tobacco. Compared with the treatment of spraying water (CK), the incidence and disease index of PVY under 9.0 kg/hm²boron+ 6.0 kg/hm²silicon treatment decreased by 32.5% and 22%, respectively. Meanwhile, reasonable application of boron and silicon fertilizer significantly improved the defense enzymes activities of tobacco leaves, and the phenylalanine degradation enzyme activity and proline content were significantly increased by 121.4%-426.5% and 30.0%-74.3%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the incidence of PVY was significantly negatively correlated with proline content, while phenylalanine degradation enzyme activity was significantly positively correlated with proline content. The combined application of 9.0 kg/hm²boron+ 6.0 kg/hm²silicon could reduce the occurrence of diseases and induce the increase of defense enzyme activity.

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Field Control Effect of Different Chemical Treatments on Potato Late Blight

LIU Yan, HAN Wei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (2): 117-122. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0386

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To evaluate the field control effects of several chemical control agents on potato late blight in Matou Town of Tancheng County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, 687.5 g/L fluopyram-penoxifen wettable powder, 72% mancozeb-manganese zinc, 42.8% fluopyram-iprovalent wettable powder, and 10 billion/g Bacillus subtilis biological preparation were selected, and a control group and treatment groups were set up, and the incidence index, control effect, and yield were monitored. The results showed that the 687.5 g/L fluopyram-penoxifen wettable powder had a significant control effect on the disease. In 2020, the incidence index was 3.21, 5.13, and 6.02 after three applications of the treatment, with an average control effect of over 80% and a maximum of 85.14%, and an increase in yield of 27.9%. In 2021, the incidence index was 2.95, 4.75, and 5.45 after three applications of the treatment, with an average control effect of over 84% and an increase in yield of 26.0%. The 42.8% fluopyram-iprovalent wettable powder had a slightly lower control effect but was better than other pesticides. The importance of selecting control agents based on regional specific conditions was emphasized, and fluopyram-penoxifen wettable powder was recommended as the preferred control agent for late blight of potato in the study area. The research results provide scientific control guidelines for farmers.

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Effects of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality in High Altitude Area

QI Chiheng, ZENG Yuting, XU Juanni, NIMAZHUOGA

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (1): 19-24. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0183

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In order to explore the effects of cultivation density and nitrogen fertilizer application on potato yield and quality in high-altitude areas, a two factor split plot experimental design was adopted. Three density levels (41700, 50000, 62500 plant/hm², represented as D₁, D₂, D₃ respectively) and four nitrogen application levels (0, 110, 220, 330 kg/hm², represented as N₀, N₁, N₂, and N₃ respectively) were set up to analyze different densities and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatment combination on the plant traits, yield, and quality of the late maturing potato variety ‘Zangnongshu 1’, and explore the optimal fertilizer density configuration for this variety. The results showed that density and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on the traits, yield, and quality of potato plants, and the yield and quality were significantly affected by the interaction between density and nitrogen fertilizer. The potato yield and commercial potato yield under low density of 41700 plants/hm² increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The dry matter content, starch content, and protein content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application. The potato yield and commercial potato yield under high density of 50000 plants and high density of 62500 plants/hm² increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the dry matter content, starch content, and protein content showed an upward trend. The highest potato yield under D₂N₂ treatment was 47884 kg/hm², with a commercial potato yield of 56.03%, and good performance in plant and quality traits. Taking into account plant, yield, and quality traits, based on TOPSIS analysis results, it is more suitable to plant potatoes in Lhasa and its surrounding areas with a density of 50000 plants/hm² and a nitrogen application rate of 220 kg/hm².

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Starch Yield of Potato Varieties: Performance and Stability

JIANG Bo, LI Hui, LIU Zhiru, AO Xiang, QIU Ping, WANG Xiaoli, YU Xiaogang, TANG Cunshan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (36): 24-30. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0011

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The study aims to solve the lack of high starch processing potato varieties with high yield and good quality in Hulunbuir area. In 2022 to 2023, using ‘Weilasi’ as the control, the phenophase and tuber traits of 8 potato varieties were investigated, and the performance and stability of starch content, tuber yield and starch yield were identified and evaluated. Among the 9 cultivars, the starch content of ‘Zhong Shu 49’ and ‘Long Shu 20’ ranked first and second respectively, and the average values of the two years was 18.27 and 18.10 respectively, which were higher than those of the control, but the difference was not significant. ‘Long Shu 20’and ‘Zhong Shu 28’ had high tuber yield of 55074 kg/hm² and 54607 kg/hm² respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control, and the stability was good. The highest tuber starch yield of ‘Long Shu 20’ was 9863 kg/hm², which was significantly higher than that of the control and other cultivars, and the performance was stable. ‘Long Shu 20’ had the highest starch yield and stable performance among the nine cultivars, which was suitable for demonstration and promotion as a starch processing variety in this region.

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Species and Pathogenicity Identification of Streptomyces Species Causing Potato Common Scab in Ulanqab Area

WANG Yue, CAO Chunmei, CHEN Han, WANG Xiaojiao, YU Qianpeng, LI Xueyang, ZHANG Zhikai, HU Baigeng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 151-156. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0170

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This research aimed to isolate and identify potato common scab pathogens in soil, and clarify the pathogenic genes and pathogenicity. It is of great significance to carry out breeding and comprehensive prevention and control of scab disease. The collected diseased tubers were identified by tissue separation and coating dilution, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by 16S rDNA measurement. The pathogenic genes were identified by PCR, and the pathogenicity was tested by radish seedling method, small potato chip method and pot inoculation. Four species of pathogenic Streptomyces were isolated and identified as Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus. All strains were inoculated with ‘Xisen 3’ for pathogenicity test. The test results showed that four Streptomyces could cause tuber disease, and the pathogenic gene combination was txtAB+/tomA+/nec1+; in this study, a total of 4 pathogenic Streptomyces species were identified. Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus were new pathogens of potato common scab.

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Optimum Sowing Date and Variety Selection of Potato in Northern Shanxi Province in The Future Based on DSSAT Crop Model

ZHANG Na, MA Yali, ZHANG Jianxin, WANG Dayong

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (9): 54-61. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0187

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The paper aimed to explore the change characteristics of optimum sowing date and cultivar heat resistance of potato with climate change in North Shanxi based on DSSAT crop, and the yield increase effect of the optimum sowing date or optimum variety was quantitatively analyzed. The simulation experiment was designed with 40 management inputs of sowing date and 7 temperature sensitivity coefficients (TC) under baseline year and future climate change scenarios in Yunzhou of Datong City. The results showed that, in the future, the rising temperature and increase of CO₂ concentration would advance the optimum sowing date of potato, and the change of optimum sowing date was mainly due to the rising temperature. Among them, the optimal sowing date would advance 4 days and 5 days at 450 μmol/mol CO₂ with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO₂ with 2.0℃ warming, respectively. Adopting the management of optimum sowing date could mitigate climatic negative effects and was in varying degrees of yield increasing effect under each climate change scenario. Among them, the potato yield would increase 10.2% and 20.7% respectively under 450 μmol/mol CO₂ with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO₂ with 2.0℃ warming. Production at this time would increase the yield by 12.3% and 20.8%, respectively, over the base year. If changing the varieties with high temperature sensitivity, the heat resistance and yield could increase appropriately, but the increase was limited. Therefore, in the future, early sowing date or cultivation of new varieties with high temperature sensitivity can be adopted in northern Shanxi to reduce the adverse impact of future climate change and ensure stable and high yield of potato.

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The Genotypes Identification and Physiological Mechanisms of Potassium Efficiency in Potato: A Review

GAO Jingjie, JIA Liguo, FAN Mingshou, LIU Guangjing, LIU Kun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (25): 6-10. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0690

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Potassium is one of the essential mineral nutrients for potato growth and development, and is crucial for potato growth and tuber formation. The low efficiency of potassium absorption and utilization is one of the important limiting factors in potato production in China, and screening the potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency is the best way to enhance the potassium utilization and deal with low potassium stress in potato. In this paper, the methods and indexes for screening of high potassium efficiency varieties of various crops in China and abroad were summarized from four aspects: the definition and assessment of potassium efficiency, the identification and evaluation of crop genotypes with high potassium efficiency, the physiological basis of high potassium absorption and the physiological basis of high potassium utilization. Combining with the characteristics of potato potassium requirement, the feasible methods and influencing factors for screening potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency were put forward, and the future research direction for improving potato potassium efficiency was prospected so as to provide a reference for the high yield and high potassium utilization of potato.

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Effects of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Potato Leaves

ZHAO Yuanyuan, LIU Pingtao, KANG Jianhong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (21): 35-44. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0712

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Potato is an important food crop and is very sensitive to high temperature. In order to study the effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and yield of potato leaves, ‘Qingshu 9’was used as the experimental material, and the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of potato were systematically studied using randomized block design. The results showed that the leaf area index and leaf SPAD value decreased significantly under high temperature stress. The leaf area indexes of T₁ treatment were decreased by 11%-34% compared with T₂ treatment, and they were decreased by 34%-68% compared with T₃ treatment. The SPAD value of T₂ treatment was decreased by 2.43% compared with T₃ treatment. Secondly, the photosynthetic fluorescence and yield also decreased, and the recovery was relatively slow, which inhibited the production of Pn and the absorption and transformation of light energy. The reactive oxygen species increased, and the leaves were dehydrated and wilted to cause death, which would affect the whole growth process of potato, resulting in the final reduction of yield. Therefore, high temperature will lead to the change of functional leaves, which will reduce the photosynthetic performance of potato, gradually shorten the active period, disorder the physiological metabolic activity, and significantly reduce the yield.

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Effects of Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Potato Tuber Quality

DING Yuping, MA Tao, YANG Yongsen, LIU Jili, ZHE Yongqing, WU Na

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (19): 76-85. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0598

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To clarify the effect of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on soil and potato, explore the impact on soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato, and propose a suitable organic substitution ratio, so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In Xiji County, Guyuan City of Ningxia in 2022, five treatments, CK (single fertilizer), T₁ (organic alternative fertilizer 20%), T₂ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 40%), T₃ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 60%) and T₄ (single application of organic fertilizer), were set up to analyze the relationship between soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato using the ‘Qingshu 9’ potato variety as the test material. The results showed that (1) compared with CK and T₄, the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of other treatments were increased to varying degrees, and the effect of increasing the content of available potassium was the most significant, increasing by 13.86%-37.74% and 2.55%-42.10%, respectively. (2) The soil enzyme activity of soil depth of 0-20 cm was slightly higher than that of 20-40 cm, and compared with CK and T₄, the soil enzyme activity of organic fertilizer of other treatments was improved, and the index of alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest, compared with CK, 0-20 and 20-40 cm increased by 3.74%-56.11%, 2.02%-55.90%, respectively; compared with T₄ treatment, it increased by 7.57%-64.94% and 8.56%-50.57%. (3) Compared with CK and T₄ treatment, organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer treatments improved the quality content of potato tubers. (4) Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrient content, and the increase of soil nutrient content promoted the improvement of enzyme activity. The stepwise linear regression equations of soil nutrient content, enzyme activity and potato quality showed that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase and 20-40 cm catalase activities could be explained by the correlation with potato quality. The replacement of partial chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content, enhance soil enzyme activity and improve potato quality, among which the replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer had the most significant effect.

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Streptomyces acidiscabies: Identification and Screening of Antibacterial Organic Acids

HUANG Xun, FENG Jiawen, HE Wenrui, XU Yajin, DENG Linmei, ZHOU Kunyan, ZHANG Xiaofang, YANG Yanli, LIU Xia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (18): 125-134. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0573

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In order to clarify the types of pathogens causing potato common scab in the micro potato continuous cultivation substrate, organic acids with good inhibitory activity were screened to control this disease. In this study, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and purified from diseased potato, and their pathogenicity was detected by potato chip method, radish chip method and greenhouse pot inoculation method. The species were determined by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics determination and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The biological characteristics such as salt tolerance were studied, the effects of organic acids such as formic acid on the growth of Streptomyces spp. were determined using paper plate method. Streptomyces strain 19311 was pathogenic, and its pathogenic island virulence related genotype was txtAB⁺/tomA⁺/necI⁺. Strain 19311 was identified as Streptomyces acidiscabies based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid could significantly inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies, and formic acid had the best antibacterial effect with the antibacterial zone diameter of 45.43 mm and the lowest effective concentration of 1%, which could inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies by increasing the permeability of cell membrane. In this study, the species and biological characteristics of Streptomyces strain 19311 in the micro potato cultivation substrate were identified. The use of 1% formic acid to control the occurrence of this disease and evaluate its impact on the original seed production can be carried out in the future.

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Physiological Response of Potato Seedling Leaves to Low Temperature Stress by Spraying Different Concentrations of Humic Acid

GUO Xinsong, HUANG Jian, LIU Xiaochen, HONG Pizheng, FAN Zhongqing, HE Lining, LIU Tongxin, ZHAO Hua, DING Fangjun, WANG Haiwei, WANG Kun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (17): 28-35. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0584

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Shandong is a typical planting area of spring potato in China. Spring potato is susceptible to occasional low temperature injury at the seedling stage, which has become an important abiotic stress factor in potato production in Shandong Province. If there are no remedial measures taken on low temperature or cold damage, the potato yield will be reduced or the yield will be ruined. In this study, the low temperature stress of potato at -2℃ was simulated, after 3 days of low temperature stress, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% humic acid was sprayed. By detecting the physiological and biochemical indicators of potatoes after spraying different concentrations of humic acid, the mitigation effect of spraying humic acid on chilling injury of potatoes was explored and the best spraying concentration of humic acid was found out. The results showed that, under low temperature stress, spraying humic acid could increase the water content of potato leaves, reduce the electrical conductivity of leaves, which could resist chilling injury; at the same time, spraying humic acid could increase the leaves^,chlorophyll content, enhance the photosynthetic capacity; under low temperature stress, spraying humic acid significantly affected the potato leaves antioxidant system at seedling stage, which was manifested by increasing the potato leaves soluble protein content, improving the potato leaves^,antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of peroxides in plants, ensuring the normal oxidation reduction potential in plants, and enhancing their cold resistance. The effect of spraying 0.6%-0.8% humic acid on growth of recovering plant was better, and the effect of spraying 0.4%-0.6% humic acid on improving the activity of leaf antioxidant system enzymes was better.

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