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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 47-52.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1372

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

豫东砂壤土区强筋小麦施钾增产保优效应研究

张慎举 郭振升 侯乐新   

  • 收稿日期:2012-04-11 修回日期:2012-06-23 出版日期:2013-01-25 发布日期:2013-01-25
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关计划项目 “强筋小麦高产高效栽培技术体系研究” (0424020024)。

The Research About High Quality Effect to Potassium Yield of Strong Gluten Wheat in Sandy Loam Area of Yudong

  • Received:2012-04-11 Revised:2012-06-23 Online:2013-01-25 Published:2013-01-25

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摘要： 为了在强筋小麦次适宜种植区实现高产优质目标，采用田间试验及统计分析方法，对易缺钾的砂壤土类型区栽培强筋小麦进行施用钾肥增产保优效应研究。结果表明，在豫东砂壤土区耕层土壤速效钾(K2O)含量为90 kg/hm2左右的条件下，在施用氮磷肥的基础上，增施钾肥(K2O) 60~300 kg/hm2，强筋小麦增产18.7%~41.4%，平均增产30.6%。砂壤土强筋小麦产量与施钾量之间呈二次曲线函数关系，即y= 5296.35+22.20x-0.059x2，F=55.76**。增施钾肥小麦籽粒蛋白质含量平均为15.32%，平均提高1.72个百分点，相对提高12.6%。钾肥增进了小麦面粉的加工品质，湿面筋含量达到35.2%~38.0%，平均37.1%，超过一等强筋小麦≥35%的国家标准。施钾小麦面粉沉降值为45.1~47.3 mL，较对照增大3.2~5.4 mL，同时较全面地改善了面团流变学性能，如形成时间增加0.6~1.8 min，平均增加1.3 min；稳定时间延长1.9~ 4.4 min，平均延长约3.4 min；弱化度(FU)则下降2.8~9.3，平均下降6.3。钾肥提高产量、改善品质的主要生理生化基础是促进了开花至灌浆期旗叶光合速率，提高了挑旗至灌浆期旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性。在本试验条件下，豫东砂壤土强筋小麦增产保优最佳的施钾(K2O)量为180 kg/hm2。适宜的氮磷钾肥施肥配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为1:0.78:1.30。

关键词: 抗旱性, 抗旱性

Abstract: In order to achieve high yield and quality goal in the place where isn’t quite suitable for growing strong gluten wheat, adopting field trials and statistical analysis methods, we cultivated strong gluten wheat on the sandy loam type area where was often lack of potassium and carried out the research about high quality effect to postassium yield of strong gluten wheat. The results showed that, in sandy loam soil available potassium contents in plough layer of Yudong about 90 kg/hm2 conditions, based on the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, if we applied potassium (K2O) 60-300 kg/hm2, strong gluten wheat yield increased by 18.7%-41.4% and the average yield increased by 30.6%. The relation of sand loam strong gluten wheat yield and the amount of potassium was conic function, which was y= 5296.35 + 22.20x-0.059x2, F=55.76**. After increasing potassium, average grain protein content of wheat was 15.32%, the average increased by 1.72%, and the relative increased by 12.6%. Potash improved the quality of wheat flour, so wet gluten content was up to 35.2%-38.0% and the average was 37.1%, which was superior to one high-gluten wheat≥35% of national standard. Wheat flour mills deposition values 45.1-47.3 mL of potassium, it increased by 3.2-5.4 mL and improved the rheological properties of dough, such as time increased by 0.6-1.8 min, average by 1.3 min, and prolonged stability increased by 1.9-4.4 min, extended an average by 3.4 min. However, FU decreased by 2.8-9.3 and the average down to 6.3. Potassium increased production and improved quality, whose physiological and biochemical basis was the promotion of a flower to the flag leaf during grain filling rate and raising the pick flag to flag leaf during grain filling of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Under the test conditions, sandy loam soil of Yudong gluten wheat yield quality protection best of potassium (K2O) for 180 kg/hm2. Appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization (N:P2O5:K2O) was 1:0.78:1.30.