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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 58-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0643

所属专题： 植物保护； 资源与环境； 油料作物； 农业生态

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大豆主要病害多抗性资源筛选鉴定

马淑梅   

  1. 黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-11 修回日期:2014-03-11 接受日期:2014-05-30 出版日期:2014-10-15 发布日期:2014-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 马淑梅
  • 基金资助:
    作物种质资源保护与利用专项子课题“大豆种质对灰斑病的抗性鉴定评价”(2014NWB030-14-19)

Evaluation of Selected Soybean Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Multi-resistance to Major Pathogens

  • Received:2014-03-11 Revised:2014-03-11 Accepted:2014-05-30 Online:2014-10-15 Published:2014-10-15

摘要： 大豆灰斑病、根腐病和疫霉病是生产上主要发生的病害，对大豆的产量和品质影响很大，用抗病品种是防治病害的有效方法，抗病资源筛选鉴定是抗病育种的基础。因此，本研究对这3 种病害进行抗病性鉴定，旨在筛选出单抗和多抗资源。用人工接种鉴定的方法，对139 份大豆材料分别接种大豆灰斑病菌、根腐病菌、疫霉病菌，进行单一病害鉴定，发病后按每种病害的抗性评价标准确定每份材料的抗病性。结果表明，对大豆灰斑病和疫霉病表现高抗的材料总计为51份，中抗材料总计为80份；对大豆灰斑病和根腐病表现为抗病材料总计为102 份；对3 种病害鉴定为感病的材料总计为179 份。抗2 种以上病害鉴定结果为，抗根腐病和疫霉病的材料12份；抗灰斑病和疫霉病的材料14份；抗灰斑病和根腐病的材料16分。抗3种病害的材料7份。明确了在供试的大豆材料中对单一病害的抗源居多，抗2 种以上病害特别是抗3种病害的材料较少，因此，应合理的利用这些多抗性的资源材料。

关键词: 农户类型, 农户类型, 宅基地, 用地标准, 农村居民点

Abstract: Cercospora sojina, Phytophthora sojae and soybean root rot are the major pathogens of soybean, which can affect the quality and quantity of soybean products. To screen soybean cultivars and breeding lines with resistant to major pathogens is an effective way to control diseases. Resistances of 139 soybean cultivars to the pathogens of Cercospora sojina, Phytophthora sojae and soybean root rot were evaluated by artificial inoculation to screen resources with single or multi resistance. The results showed that 51 soybean cultivars and breeding lines possessed ability with high resistance to Cercospora sojina and Phytophthora sojae , 80 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with moderate resistance, 102 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with resistance to the pathogens Cercospora sojina and soybean root rot. 179 soybean cultivars and breeding lines were susceptible to three pathogens. 12 soybean cultivars and breeding lines shared traits with multiresistance to both Phytophthora sojae and soybean root, 14 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with mutiresistance to both Cercospora sojina and Phytophthora sojae, 16 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with multi-resistance to both Cercospora sojina and soybean root, 7 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with multiresistance to these three pathogens. The results indicated that, since a large part of soybean cultivars and breeding lines possessed single resistance to a pathogen and only minor soybean resources possessed ultiresistance to two more pathogens or three pathogens, rational utilization of soybean resources should be made.