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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 16-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2025-0983

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对川东北丘陵区春播玉米生长发育及产量的影响

刘利1,2(), 杜晓宇1(), 罗友明1, 傅勇1, 蒲春雷1, 王鹏3, 李洋1   

  1. 1 南充市农业技术推广站, 四川南充 637000
    2 南充市种子管理站, 四川南充 637000
    3 南充市农业科学院, 四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-30 修回日期:2026-04-27 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    杜晓宇,男,1972年出生,四川南部人,研究员,主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培技术研究及推广方面的研究。通信地址:637000 四川省南充市顺庆区丰登路213号,Tel:0817-2289152,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘利,女,1987年出生,四川南充人,硕士,高级农艺师,主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培技术研究及推广方面的研究。通信地址:637000 四川省南充市顺庆区丰登路213号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系四川玉米创新团队(SCCXTD-2024-11); 2021年度商品粮大市奖励资金项目“玉米大豆带状复合种植技术风险阈值评价与应用”(南财专〔2022〕579号); 2025年度商品粮大市奖励资金项目“丘陵区旱地多熟制玉米全程机械化高产高效技术研究集成”(南财专〔2025〕806号)

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Spring-sown Maize in Hilly Area of Northeast Sichuan

LIU Li1,2(), DU Xiaoyu1(), LUO Youming1, FU Yong1, PU Chunlei1, WANG Peng3, LI Yang1   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technique Promotion Station of Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    2 Seed Administrative Station of Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    3 Nanchong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
  • Received:2025-11-30 Revised:2026-04-27 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

为探究播期对川东北丘陵区春播玉米生长发育及产量的影响,本研究选用‘仲玉3号’、‘成单30’和‘滑玉130’作为试验品种,采用两因素裂区试验设计开展田间试验,分析8个播期对3个春播玉米品种的生育进程、形态特征及产量的影响。研究结果表明:播期可显著调控玉米生育进程,随播期推迟,各生育阶段持续时间及全生育期天数均呈缩短趋势,且出苗至拔节阶段受影响最为明显。玉米株高、穗位高随播期推迟呈现“先下降—后上升—再下降”的变化趋势,在品种间表现为‘成单30’>‘仲玉3号’>‘滑玉130’。玉米产量随播期推迟而逐渐下降,‘仲玉3号’、‘成单30’、‘滑玉130’在A8播期(5月2日)下的产量较A1播期(3月14日),分别降低18.48%、18.22%和17.87%,表明‘成单30’和‘仲玉3号’的产量更易受到播期的影响,同时气象因子通过调控播期间接影响玉米形态建成与产量。因此,研究建议川东北丘陵区的春播玉米最佳播种窗口期为3月中下旬。若播期晚于4月18日,产量将大幅下降。若无法确保适期播种,则应在适度晚播条件下选择‘滑玉130’品种能够保证产量稳定。

关键词: 播期, 玉米, 川东北丘陵区, 株高, 穗位高, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sowing date on the growth, development, and yield of spring maize in the hilly area of northeast Sichuan, three varieties (‘Zhongyu 3’, ‘Chengdan 30’ and ‘Huayu 130’) were selected as experimental materials. A two-factor split-plot design was adopted in field experiments to analyze the effects of eight sowing dates on the growth process, morphological characteristics, and yield of the three spring maize varieties. The results showed that sowing date significantly regulated maize growth progress. With the delay of sowing date, the duration of each growth stage and the whole growth period shortened gradually, and the stage from seedling emergence to jointing was most obviously affected. Plant height and ear height presented a trend of initial decline, subsequent rise and final drop as sowing date postponed. In terms of varietal difference, both indicators ranked as ‘Chengdan 30’> ‘Zhongyu 3’ >‘Huayu 130’. Maize yield decreased continuously with delayed sowing date. Compared with sowing date A1 (March 14), the yield of ‘Zhongyu 3’, ‘Chengdan 30’ and ‘Huayu 130’ under sowing date A8 (May 2) decreased by 18.48%, 18.22% and 17.87% respectively. It indicates that the yields of ‘Sangdian 30’ and ‘Zhongyu No.3’ are more susceptible to the influence of sowing date. Meteorological factors indirectly affected maize morphological formation and yield by regulating sowing time. Accordingly, the optimal sowing window for spring maize in hilly area of northeast Sichuan is the middle and late March. Yield declines sharply when sowing is conducted later than April 18. ‘Huayu 130’ is recommended to maintain stable yield if timely sowing cannot be ensured.

Key words: sowing date, maize, hilly area of northeast Sichuan, plant height, ear height, growth and development, yield

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