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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (20): 171-176.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010170

所属专题： 生物技术

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

农牧交错带人工草地及农作物下土壤酶活性特征

梁秀芝,郑敏娜,李荫藩   

  1. 山西农业科学院高寒区作物研究所,山西农业科学院高寒区作物研究所,山西农业科学院高寒区作物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-22 修回日期:2015-03-07 接受日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-07-28 发布日期:2015-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 李荫藩
  • 基金资助:
    山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目“雁门关生态畜牧经济区紫花苜蓿品种筛选及利用”(2013-135)；山西省科技攻关项目“紫花苜蓿生产关键技术研究及产业化”(20140311013-1)；山西农科院育种工程项目“优质多抗紫花苜蓿品种筛选及利用”(11yzgc110)；山西农科院育种基础“抗盐碱性苜蓿种质资源的收集、创新与利用”(Yyzjc1403)。

Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities under Artificial Grasslands and Crop in Agro-pastoral Transitional Zone

  • Received:2015-01-22 Revised:2015-03-07 Accepted:2015-03-25 Online:2015-07-28 Published:2015-07-28

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摘要： 土壤酶直接影响着人工草地生态系统的物质循环和能量流动，是评价土壤质量的生物活性指标。在农牧交错带紫花苜蓿人工草地和农田内采集土壤样品，通过测定土壤有机质、pH、营养元素（N、K、Ca、Mg等）有效态含量及4种土壤酶（土壤脲酶、碱式磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶）的活性，分析了紫花苜蓿人工草地和农作物下土壤理化因子对土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在紫花苜蓿人工草地中，土壤脲酶和碱式磷酸酶活性变化趋势一致，随种植年限的延长显著减少，且品种间差异显著(P＜0.05)，平均酶活性表现为3年龄＞6年龄＞10年龄草地。过氧化氢酶活性随种植年限的延长而逐渐增强，品种间差异显著(P＜0.05)；（2）不同类型农田中，土壤酶活性亦存在差别，玉米地土壤脲酶和碱式磷酸酶活性仅为马铃薯地的24%和70%；（3）比较人工草地与农田土壤酶活性，认为3种土壤酶（土壤脲酶、碱式磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶）的活性大小基本表现为马铃薯地＞3年龄巨人草地＞玉米地≥3年龄雷达克之星草地＞6年龄雷达克之星草地＞6年龄巨人草地＞10年龄雷达克之星草地≥10年龄巨人草地；（4）相关性分析表明，土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱式磷酸酶3种酶之间呈显著负相关。蔗糖酶活性与pH达到极显著正相关，脲酶和碱式磷酸酶与pH成显著负相关，速效氮和全氮呈极显著负相关，过氧化氢酶则与有机质、速效氮、全氮和水溶性镁呈显著正相关。

关键词: 不同海拔, 不同海拔, 冬小麦, 生长发育, 影响

Abstract: Soil enzymes directly affect the material circulation and energy flow in artificial grassland ecosystem, it is an index to evaluate the quality of soil biological activity. Soil samples were collected from the artificial alfalfa grassland and farmland in agro-pastoral transitional zone, through the determination of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrient elements (N, K, Ca, Mg, etc.) content and activities of 4 soil enzymes (urease, alkaline phosphates, catalase and sucrase), the author analyzed the influence of soil physic-chemical properties on soil enzyme activities under artificial alfalfa grassland and farmland. The results showed that: (1) in artificial alfalfa grassland, the activities of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase had the same variation trend, the activities reduced obviously with the increase of planting year, and a significant difference was between varieties (P＜0.05), the average soil enzyme activity had an order as follows: 3 years＞6 years＞10 years grass; the activity of catalase increased gradually with the increase of planting year and there was significant difference between varieties (P＜0.05); (2) soil enzyme activities were different among different types of farmland, the activities of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase of maize field were only 24% and 70% of that of potato field; (3) by comparing the soil enzyme activities in artificial grassland and farmland, these enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase) were in the older of potato field＞3 years Ameristand grassland＞ maize field≥3 years Ladak grassland＞6 years Ladak grassland＞6 years Ameristand grassland＞10 years Ladak grassland≥10 years Ameristand grassland; (4) the results from correlation analysis showed that there were significantly negative correlations between urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase, significantly positive correlation between sucrase activity and pH, significantly negative correlation between urease, alkaline phosphatase and pH, significantly negative correlation between available nitrogen and total nitrogen, and significantly positive correlation between catalase and organic matter, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and water soluble magnesium.