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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 278-284.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010243

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京昌平地区草莓根腐病菌种类鉴定

张 阳,刘正坪,魏艳敏,尚巧霞,李永强,赵晓燕   

  1. (北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京 102206）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-30 修回日期:2015-06-10 接受日期:2015-04-01 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 赵晓燕
  • 基金资助:
    北京农学院促进人才培养综合改革专项计划项目“北京地区草莓根腐病菌的种类鉴定与防治药剂筛选”(BNRC&GG201416)；北京农学院科技创新团队科研能力提升工程项目“草莓抗重茬剂的研发”(KCT2014006)。

Identification of the Strawberry Root Rot Pathogen in Changping District Beijing

Zhang Yang, Liu Zhengping, Wei Yanmin, Shang Qiaoxia, Li Yongqiang, Zhao Xiaoyan   

  1. (College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206)
  • Received:2015-01-30 Revised:2015-06-10 Accepted:2015-04-01 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 明确草莓根腐病的主要致病真菌种类，可正确有效地指导草莓根腐病的防治。本试验采用单孢分离法和组织分离法从昌平地区所采集的草莓根腐病株中共分离得到41个菌株。采用病土定植法测定菌株对草莓幼苗的致病性，结果表明所分离的菌株均可引起草莓根腐病，致使草莓根部及根茎基部发育受阻，缢缩变黑，腐烂折断；造成地上部生长不良，叶片变黄，甚至死亡。通过形态学、分子生物学手段对菌株的分类地位进行鉴定，其中39株可以鉴定到种，分别属于10个属的15个种，另外有1株只鉴定到属，1株只鉴定到科。在41个菌株中，立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)等4个种所占比例较高，分别占菌株总量的29.25%、12.20%、12.20%、9.75%；致病力最强的种类为伏革菌科真菌、棒形拟盘多毛孢和胶孢炭疽菌，其次为尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、木贼镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌，发病率均可达50%；淡色生赤壳、伏革菌科菌、Plectosphaerella cucumerina、Stachybotrys chartarum、Neonectria radicicola等为首次报道的草莓根腐病致病菌。研究结果可以指导北京昌平地区草莓主产区中草莓根腐病的防治，并为草莓根腐病快速检测方法的研发提供参考。

关键词: 野生, 野生, 茶树, 种质资源, 分布, 多样性, 重要性, 保护

Abstract: Exploring the pathogen species of strawberry root rot is useful for correct and effective disease control. 41 fungal strains were separated and purified from strawberry root rot samples collected from Changping area in Beijing by single spore separation method and tissue isolation method. All strains could cause strawberry root rot by pathogen-carrying soil planting method. Root and root collar of suffered strawberry seedlings displayed dysplasia, atrophy, black, rotten or broken and the plants were poor with yellow leaves or even died. According to the morphology and molecular identification, 39 strains were identified to 15 species of 10 genuses, 1 strain was identified to genus and 1 strain was identified to family. Among the 41 strains, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium oxysporum were in a higher proportion, accounted for 29.25%, 12.20%, 12.20% and 9.75% of the total strains. Bionectria ochroleuca, Ceratobasidium sp., Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed high virulences followed by Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, with incidence rate of more than 50%. Ceratobasidium sp., Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Stachybotrys chartarum, Neonectria radicicola were first reported as strawberry root rot pathogens. The results can guide the disease control of strawberry root rot of strawberry producing areas in Changping, and provide reference for the research and development of rapid detection method of root rot of strawberry.