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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (22): 263-269.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030076

所属专题: 生物技术 园艺

• 食品 营养 检测 安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

红茶发酵过程生理生化变化及调控技术研究进展

俞露婷1,2,袁海波1,王伟伟1,滑金杰1,尹军峰1,江用文1   

  1. (1中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,浙江省茶叶加工工程重点实验室,浙江杭州 310008;2中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081)
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-10 修回日期:2015-06-01 接受日期:2015-06-12 出版日期:2015-08-20 发布日期:2015-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 袁海波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“国家茶叶产业技术体系红茶加工岗位”(CARS-23);中国农业科学院科研经费项目“设施摊青过程中茶鲜叶呼吸作用机理研究”(201205);浙江省农业科技推广项目“浙江省工夫红茶发酵工序参数优化研究与推广”。

Research Progress of Physiological and Biochemical Changes and New Techniques in Fermentation of Black Tea

Yu Luting1,2, Yuan Haibo1, Wang Weiwei1, Hua Jinjie1, Yin Junfeng1, Jiang Yongwen1   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Tea Processing Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310008; 2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081)
  • Received:2015-03-10 Revised:2015-06-01 Accepted:2015-06-12 Online:2015-08-20 Published:2015-08-20

摘要: 发酵是形成红茶品质特征的关键工序,其实质是在特定温湿度和供氧条件下,以多酚类酶促氧化形成茶黄素(TFs)、茶红素(TRs)、茶褐素(TBs)等高聚物为核心,同时芳香物质、糖类、蛋白质等品质成分发生剧烈变化。笔者综述了多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和脂肪氧合酶等酶类在红茶发酵过程中主要发挥的功效,以及多酚类、蛋白质、氨基酸、芳香物质和糖类等生化成分在发酵期间的变化规律,概括了液态悬浮发酵、通氧发酵、添加外源物发酵等新型发酵技术,以及温湿度、光照、供氧量等参数的调控和一些辅助工艺在红茶发酵过程中应用的研究进展。通过这些理论研究展望了未来红茶发酵机理的研究内容和发酵设备,为红茶发酵的进一步研究提供基础和借鉴。

关键词: 燕麦, 燕麦, 脱硫石膏, 盐渍化土壤

Abstract: In manufacture of black tea, one of the most important steps is fermentation which significantly influences the sensory quality of tea. Under the condition of certain temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration, tea polyphenols presented in macerated leaves get oxidized to form TFs, TRs, TBs and other polymers, and aromatic substances, carbohydrate and protein change dramatically during the fermentation stage of black tea processing. The main functions of important enzymes in black tea fermentation, including polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, β-glycosidase and lipoxygenase, and change rules of the main biochemical compositions including polyphenols, proteins, sugars, amino acids and aromatic substances were summarized in this paper. Besides, the author focused on the auxiliary techniques and new fermentation techniques such as suspension fermentation, oxygen supply fermentation and exogenous additive fermentation. The control of fermentation environment parameters were reviewed as well, such as temperature, humidity, light and oxygen concentration. Based on these theoretical researches, the main mechanism of fermentation and the development of new fermentation equipment were prospected for further study of fermentation of black tea.