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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 6-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090003

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

皖南山区稻田土壤施用硅肥效应研究

孙 星1,朱克亚1,2,刘 勤1,曹志洪1,蔡宪杰3,程 森3,张伟峰3,孙 平3   

  1. (1中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京 210008；2南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京 210095；3上海烟草集团有限责任公司,上海 200082）
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-06 修回日期:2015-10-16 接受日期:2015-10-22 出版日期:2016-03-07 发布日期:2016-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 刘勤
  • 基金资助:
    皖南烟稻优质高效生态安全的土肥综合技术研究与示范“皖南烟稻优质高效生态安全的土肥一生管理技术之研究与示范”(CF56.1-ZJ1)；国家自然科学基金“稻麦秸秆还田下农田土壤植硅体碳累积特性及调控潜力”(41271208)；中国博士后科学基金资助项目“硅肥施用对稻田土壤固碳减排潜力影响”(2013M541744)；江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目“长期秸秆还田下土壤植硅体碳的积累特性及其固碳能力”(1301061C)。

Effect of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Paddy Soil in Mountainous Areaof Southern Anhui Province

Sun Xing1, Zhu Keya1,2, Liu Qin1, Cao Zhihong1, Cai Xianjie3, Cheng Sen3, Zhang Weiefeng3, Sun Ping3   

  1. (1Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008;2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095;3Shanghai Tobacco Company, Shanghai 200082)
  • Received:2015-09-06 Revised:2015-10-16 Accepted:2015-10-22 Online:2016-03-07 Published:2016-03-07

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摘要： 本研究为了探索不同种类及不同用量硅肥对皖南山区稻田水稻产量的影响以及高效硅肥积累水稻品种的筛选。根据土壤缺硅特性（有效硅含量为5.68±0.84 mg/kg），设计了不同硅肥种类及用量的盆栽试验和不同水稻品种硅敏感性的大田试验。盆栽结果表明，不同硅肥种类及用量均可以显著增加水稻产量，其中150 kg/hm2水溶性硅肥和钢渣硅肥处理比对照的水稻产量增产效果最为明显，分别多出64.53%和23.49%，随着硅肥的用量增加并没有显著增加各硅肥处理水稻的产量；大田试验结果也表明，钢渣硅肥施用对6个水稻品种的产量均有显著增加，其中‘苏秀867’对硅肥最为敏感，施硅肥处理产量比不施硅肥的处理产量增加40.77%，为硅素高效吸收积累水稻品种。故对皖南山区稻田来说，适量的硅肥利用以及高吸收硅的水稻品种选择，可以有效地提高稻季作物产量，增加经济效益。

关键词: 几丁质酶, 几丁质酶, chiB, 基因克隆

Abstract: The aims of this study were to explore the effect of different kinds and amounts of silicon fertilizers on rice yield in the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province and select rice cultivars with high silicon fertilizer accumulation. According to the silicon deficiency properties (available silicon content was 5.68 ± 0.84 mg/kg), a pot experiment with different kinds and amounts of silicon fertilizers and a field experiment on rice cultivars with different silicon sensitivity were designed. The pot experiment results showed that different kinds or amounts of silicon fertilizers could significantly increase rice yield, of which, treatments of 150 kg/hm2 water soluble silicon and slag silicon exerted more significant effect on rice yield than the control (no silicon fertilizer) and the yield of the two treatments increased by 64.53% and 23.49%, respectively, but rice yield did not increase with the application of increasing amount of silicon fertilizers. The field experiment results showed that the yield of 6 rice cultivars significantly increased as steel slag silicon fertilizer was applied, of which, ‘Su Xiu 867’ appeared to be the most sensitive to silicon fertilizer, its yield increased by 40.77% compared with the control, and it was a rice cultivar with high silicon uptake efficiency and accumulation. As the paddy field in mountainous area of southern Anhui Province was concerned, the optimum application amount of silicon fertilizer and the selection of cultivars with high silicon uptake could effectively improve the rice yield and obtain high economic benefits.

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